CN107686950A - 一种石墨烯铁合金 - Google Patents
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 graphite Alkene Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.5‑0.9%、Si 0.5‑0.6%、Co 1.0‑2.3%、Mg 0.6‑0.9%、Sb 0.6‑1.0%、Ce 0.3‑0.5%、Sm 0.1‑0.3%、V 0.3‑0.8%、Re 0.3‑0.5%、Zr 0.2‑0.5%、Cr 0.6‑0.9%、Ta 0.2‑0.5%、Sr 0.1‑0.3%、石墨烯 0.8‑4.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。本发明的合金通过选择合适的金属元素、含量及工艺条件,其抗拉强度、断裂强度、冲击韧性、弹性模量等均得到提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料领域,尤其涉及一种石墨烯铁合金。
背景技术
石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的二维纳米材料,由于其独特的二维蜂窝晶体结构和极高的键强度,石墨烯是目前已知的世界上比强度最高、最坚硬的纳米材料。石墨烯具有优异的力学、电学、热学性能,其抗拉强度和弹性模量高。由于石墨烯独特的物理和化学性能,使其在许多领域具有强大的潜在用途,如超强的力学性能可以作为增强相添加到聚合物、陶瓷、金属等基体中以制备高性能复合材料。利用石墨烯的高强度,将其与金属材料复合,是目前研究的热点。
中国专利CN104388814A公开了一种石墨烯改性钢,其碳含量在0.6-2.3%,至少部分碳元素是以石墨烯的形式存在。该高碳钢不仅具有高的强度,而且有很好的韧性。
中国专利CN102965590A公开了一种改性硬质合金,由以下重量份的组分制备完成:石墨烯:0.1-0.8份,碳粉:0.2-0.5份,Si:0.1-0.3份,Ti:0.1-0.8份,P:0-0.01份,Cr:1-2份,Ni:3-8份,Mo:0.5-2份,Fe:100-200份。该硬质合金的硬度高,制备方法简单,适于工业化生产。
中国专利CN103361565A公开了一种粉末冶金法兰及其制备方法,由下列重量份的原料制成:铁粉95-99、铬粉 1.2-1.4、石墨粉 1.2-1.4、硬酯酸锌 2.4-2.6、硬酯酸 2-2.4、Mo 0.2-0.3、V 0.9-1.2、Ta 0.04-0.06、Zn 0.8-1.2、Ni 0.5-0.55、二硼化铌 0.35-0.45、四氧化三铁 1.2-1.4、石墨烯 0.24-0.36、分散剂 2-3。根据需要的不同,对材料的组成进行调整,生产的法兰其抗拉强度、气密性高,组织结构均匀,广泛适应于各环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了得到一种性能优良的石墨烯铁合金。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.5-0.9%、Si 0.5-0.6%、Co1.0-2.3%、Mg 0.6-0.9%、Sb 0.6-1.0%、Ce 0.3-0.5%、Sm 0.1-0.3%、V 0.3-0.8%、Re 0.3-0.5%、Zr 0.2-0.5%、Cr 0.6-0.9%、Ta 0.2-0.5%、Sr 0.1-0.3%、石墨烯 0.8-4.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
上述的石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.8%、Si 0.5%、Co1.3%、Mg 0.8%、Sb 0.8%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.2%、V 0.5%、Re 0.4%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.7%、Ta 0.3%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯 2.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
上述的石墨烯铁合金的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)在真空条件下,将满足质量百分数为:C 0.5-0.9%、Si 0.5-0.6%、Co 1.0-2.3%、Mg0.6-0.9%、Sb 0.6-1.0%、Ce 0.3-0.5%、Sm 0.1-0.3%、V 0.3-0.8%、Re 0.3-0.5%、Zr 0.2-0.5%、Cr 0.6-0.9%、Ta 0.2-0.5%、Sr 0.1-0.3%、石墨烯 0.8-4.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质的各组分加入装有丙酮的烧杯中,在超声波条件下搅拌0.5-1.5h,超声波功率为130-200W,频率为50-70Hz;
(2)加热至60-120℃,使烧杯中的丙酮挥发,并将其排除,得到处理后的合金原料;
(3)将上述处理后的合金原料加入真空电弧炉中,充入惰性气体,以10-50℃/h的升温速率加热至1000-1200℃使合金原料熔化,熔化后再保温精炼20-150min;
(4)以20-60℃/h的冷却速率冷却至室温,再加入到回火炉中,以20-50℃/h的速率加热至500-600℃,保温3-5h后出炉,自然冷却至室温,即得到石墨烯铁合金。
本发明的合金通过选择合适的金属元素以及含量,在制备方法中通过丙酮、超声波处理、熔炼、冷却、回火等工艺得到了性能优异的石墨烯铁合金。其抗拉强度为1620-1660MPa,断裂强度为530-550MPa,冲击韧性为74-78J/cm2,弹性模量为218-225GPa。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.5%、Si 0.6%、Co 1.0%、Mg0.9%、Sb 0.6%、Ce 0.5%、Sm 0.1%、V 0.8%、Re 0.3%、Zr 0.5%、Cr 0.6%、Ta 0.2%、Sr 0.1%、石墨烯 4.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
实施例2
一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.9%、Si 0.5%、Co 2.3%、Mg0.6%、Sb 1.0%、Ce 0.3%、Sm 0.3%、V 0.3%、Re 0.5%、Zr 0.2%、Cr 0.9%、Ta 0.2%、Sr 0.3%、石墨烯 0.8%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
实施例3
一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.8%、Si 0.5%、Co 1.3%、Mg0.8%、Sb 0.8%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.2%、V 0.5%、Re 0.4%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.7%、Ta 0.3%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯 2.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
实施例4
一种石墨烯铁合金,该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.8%、Si 0.6%、Co 1.8%、Mg0.7%、Sb 0.9%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.1%、V 0.6%、Re 0.5%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.8%、Ta 0.4%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯 3.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
实施例5
一种石墨烯铁合金的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)在真空条件下,将满足质量百分数为:C 0.8%、Si 0.5%、Co 1.3%、Mg 0.8%、Sb0.8%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.2%、V 0.5%、Re 0.4%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.7%、Ta 0.3%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯2.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质的各组分加入装有丙酮的烧杯中,在超声波条件下搅拌0.6h,超声波功率为150W,频率为50Hz;
(2)加热至80℃,使烧杯中的丙酮挥发,并将其排除,得到处理后的合金原料;
(3)将上述处理后的合金原料加入真空电弧炉中,充入惰性气体,以30℃/h的升温速率加热至1100℃使合金原料熔化,熔化后再保温精炼70min;
(4)以40℃/h的冷却速率冷却至室温,再加入到回火炉中,以30℃/h的速率加热至550℃,保温4h后出炉,自然冷却至室温,即得到石墨烯铁合金。
该石墨烯铁合金的抗拉强度为1658MPa,断裂强度为546MPa,冲击韧性为78J/cm2,弹性模量为225GPa。
实施例6
一种石墨烯铁合金的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)在真空条件下,将满足质量百分数为:C 0.8%、Si 0.6%、Co 1.8%、Mg 0.7%、Sb0.9%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.1%、V 0.6%、Re 0.5%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.8%、Ta 0.4%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯3.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质的各组分加入装有丙酮的烧杯中,在超声波条件下搅拌1.5h,超声波功率为200W,频率为70Hz;
(2)加热至120℃,使烧杯中的丙酮挥发,并将其排除,得到处理后的合金原料;
(3)将上述处理后的合金原料加入真空电弧炉中,充入惰性气体,以20℃/h的升温速率加热至1200℃使合金原料熔化,熔化后再保温精炼80min;
(4)以45℃/h的冷却速率冷却至室温,再加入到回火炉中,以35℃/h的速率加热至600℃,保温5h后出炉,自然冷却至室温,即得到石墨烯铁合金。
该石墨烯铁合金的抗拉强度为1650MPa,断裂强度为545MPa,冲击韧性为77J/cm2,弹性模量为223GPa。
Claims (2)
1.一种石墨烯铁合金,其特征在于:该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C 0.5-0.9%、Si0.5-0.6%、Co 1.0-2.3%、Mg 0.6-0.9%、Sb 0.6-1.0%、Ce 0.3-0.5%、Sm 0.1-0.3%、V 0.3-0.8%、Re 0.3-0.5%、Zr 0.2-0.5%、Cr 0.6-0.9%、Ta 0.2-0.5%、Sr 0.1-0.3%、石墨烯 0.8-4.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯铁合金,其特征在于:该合金中各组分的质量百分数为:C0.8%、Si 0.5%、Co 1.3%、Mg 0.8%、Sb 0.8%、Ce 0.4%、Sm 0.2%、V 0.5%、Re 0.4%、Zr 0.3%、Cr 0.7%、Ta 0.3%、Sr 0.2%、石墨烯 2.0%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
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