Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for controlling the voltage stability of a direct current micro-grid bus, which can furthest improve the use range and the operation independence of the direct current micro-grid, and achieve the effect of maximizing the utilization of clean energy.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for controlling the voltage stability of a direct current micro-grid bus, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, dividing the DC microgrid bus voltage into four levels according to the fluctuation range of the DC microgrid bus voltage compared with the rated voltage;
step S2, determining which level of the four levels the direct current microgrid busbar voltage is located in according to the actual fluctuation condition of the busbar voltage of the direct current microgrid compared with the rated voltage;
and step S3, according to the determined bus voltage level, maintaining the bus voltage to be stable by adopting a distributed power supply corresponding to the level in the direct current micro-grid system.
When the bus voltage is determined to be located at the first level of the four levels, the DC microgrid bus voltage is maintained to be stable by using an energy storage battery in the DC microgrid system;
when the bus voltage is determined to be located at the second level of the four levels, the bus voltage of the direct-current microgrid is kept stable by adopting the photovoltaic units in the direct-current microgrid system;
when it is determined that the bus voltage is at a third level of the four levels, maintaining the DC microgrid bus voltage stable using a gas turbine in the DC power grid system;
and when the bus voltage is determined to be positioned in the fourth level of the four levels, the bus voltage of the direct current micro-grid is maintained to be stable by adopting an alternating current power grid externally connected with the direct current power grid system.
Wherein the bus voltage is determined to be at the first of the four levels when the DC microgrid bus voltage is greater than or equal to a first percentage of the rated voltage and less than or equal to a second percentage of the rated voltage.
Wherein the first percentage is 95% and the second percentage is 105%.
Wherein the bus voltage is determined to be at the second of the four levels when the DC microgrid bus voltage is greater than a second percentage of the rated voltage and less than or equal to a third percentage of the rated voltage.
Wherein the third percentage is 108%.
Wherein the bus voltage is determined to be at the third of the four levels when the DC microgrid bus voltage is less than a first percentage of the rated voltage and greater than or equal to a fourth percentage of the rated voltage.
Wherein the fourth percentage is 92%.
Wherein the bus voltage is determined to be at the fourth of the four levels when the DC microgrid bus voltage is less than a fourth percentage of the rated voltage and greater than a third percentage of the rated voltage.
The energy storage battery maintains the stability of the voltage of the direct-current micro-grid bus in a self-adaptive droop control mode.
The photovoltaic unit maintains the stability of the voltage of the direct-current micro-grid bus in a double PI control mode.
The gas turbine particularly maintains the stability of the DC microgrid bus voltage in a double PI control mode.
When the distributed power supplies corresponding to the levels in the direct-current micro-grid system are adopted to maintain the stability of the bus voltage, the corresponding distributed power supplies work in a constant-voltage control mode, and other distributed power supplies work in a power control mode.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the bus voltage of the direct current microgrid is stabilized through hierarchical control, so that on one hand, the stability of the direct current microgrid system is improved, and the operation independence of the direct current microgrid is improved; on the other hand, the use scope of the direct current microgrid is promoted, and therefore the maximum utilization of clean energy is achieved.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for controlling a dc microgrid bus voltage stabilization. The method is applied to a direct current micro-grid system, for example, fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a typical direct current micro-grid system to which the invention is directed. As shown in fig. 2, the system of the embodiment of the present invention has only one common bus 10, which includes a plurality of distributed power sources, the distributed power sources may include a gas turbine 20, a photovoltaic unit 30, and an energy storage battery 40, wherein the gas turbine is connected to the DC bus through an AC/DC converter 21 for providing non-intermittent energy, the photovoltaic unit 30 is connected to the DC bus 10 through a DC/DC converter 31, and the energy storage battery 40 and a bidirectional DC/DC converter 41 form an energy storage system to realize bidirectional power flow. The DC load 50 is connected to the DC bus 10 via a DC/DC converter 51, and the AC load 60 is connected to the DC bus 10 via a DC/AC converter 61. The AC grid 70 is connected to a DC bus 10 (e.g., an isolation transformer) via a bidirectional DC/AC converter 71.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for controlling the dc microgrid bus voltage stabilization shown in fig. 1 may be used to control the stabilization of the dc bus voltage of the exemplary dc microgrid system shown in fig. 2, and as shown in fig. 1, the method may include:
step S1, dividing the dc microgrid bus voltage into four levels according to a fluctuation range of the dc microgrid bus voltage compared with a rated voltage.
Step S2, determining which level of the four levels the dc microgrid bus voltage is located in according to an actual fluctuation condition of the bus voltage of the dc microgrid compared with the rated voltage.
And step S3, according to the determined bus voltage level, maintaining the bus voltage to be stable by adopting a distributed power supply corresponding to the level in the direct current micro-grid system. In a specific implementation, as an example, when it is determined that the bus voltage is located at a first level of the four levels, the dc microgrid bus voltage is maintained stable by using an energy storage battery in the dc microgrid system; when the bus voltage is determined to be located at the second level of the four levels, the bus voltage of the direct-current microgrid is kept stable by adopting the photovoltaic units in the direct-current microgrid system; when it is determined that the bus voltage is at a third level of the four levels, maintaining the DC microgrid bus voltage stable using a gas turbine in the DC power grid system; and when the bus voltage is determined to be positioned in the fourth level of the four levels, the bus voltage of the direct current micro-grid is maintained to be stable by adopting an alternating current power grid externally connected with the direct current power grid system.
Further, the bus voltage is determined to be at the first of the four levels when the dc microgrid bus voltage is greater than or equal to a first percentage of the rated voltage and less than or equal to a second percentage of the rated voltage.
Further, when the dc microgrid bus voltage is greater than a second percentage of the rated voltage and less than or equal to a third percentage of the rated voltage, it is determined that the bus voltage is located at the second level of the four levels. Further, when the dc microgrid bus voltage is less than a first percentage of the rated voltage and greater than or equal to a fourth percentage of the rated voltage, determining that the bus voltage is located at the third of the four levels.
Further, when the dc microgrid bus voltage is less than a fourth percentage of the rated voltage and greater than a third percentage of the rated voltage, it is determined that the bus voltage is located at the fourth level of the four levels.
By way of example, the first percentage may be 95%, the second percentage may be 105%, the third percentage may be 108%, and the fourth percentage may be 92%. That is, in the specific implementation, when 0.95U dcn<U dc<1.05U dcnWhen the bus voltage deviates less from the rated value, the bus voltage can be maintained stable by the energy storage battery, whereinU dcFor the actual voltage of the bus when the direct current micro-grid operates,U dcnrated voltage for the bus; when 1.05U dcn<U dc<1.08U dcnTime, load powerThe bus voltage continuously rises when the power is less than the supply power of the system, and the bus voltage is maintained by the photovoltaic unit; when 0.92U dcn<U dc<0.95U dcnWhen the gas turbine is started, the voltage of the direct current bus is kept stable for a short time; when in useU dc>1.08U dcnOrU dc<0.92U dcnDuring the process, the fluctuation range of the direct-current bus voltage is large, the output power of the distributed power supply and the load demand power are unbalanced, the direct-current micro-grid is interconnected with the alternating-current power distribution network, the grid-side converter is started, and the direct-current bus voltage is maintained to be stable. It should be noted that the division of the percentages described above is only an example, and in the specific implementation, various percentages may be changed according to actual needs, and these changed percentages also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, when the bus voltage is maintained stable by the energy storage battery 40, to prevent the energy storage battery 40 from being frequently charged and discharged to impair the battery performance, the energy storage unit may be in a stationary non-operating state (as shown by a curve a in fig. 3) when the voltage is between 0.98Udcn (Udcn means the bus rated voltage) and 1.02Udcn, allowing the bus voltage Udc to freely fluctuate within this range. If the bus voltage is beyond the range, the energy storage battery 40 absorbs or outputs power to maintain the power balance. The bidirectional DC/DC converter 41 connected to the energy storage battery 40 employs adaptive droop control. Ibmax and Ibmin are the maximum discharge current and the minimum charge current of the energy storage cell 40, respectively. UH2 and UH1 refer to an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the energy storage battery 40 self-adaptive droop control when the bus voltage Udc is higher than the rated value Udcn, and at the moment, the energy storage battery 40 enters a charging working state (shown as a droop curve b in fig. 3); UL1, UL2 refer to the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the adaptive droop control of the energy storage battery 40 when the bus voltage Udc is lower than the rated value Udcn, and the energy storage battery 40 enters a discharging operation state (as shown by a droop curve c in fig. 3). In this embodiment, UH2, UH1, UL1 and UL2 were set to 1.05Udcn, 1.02Udcn, 0.98Udcn and 0.95Udcn, respectively. The energy storage battery converter 41 adopts dual PI control, and introduces adaptive droop control into voltage outer loop control of the converter, and the control process is shown in fig. 4.
Further, when the bus voltage is at the second level, the distributed generation output power is greater than the load demand power, and the photovoltaic unit 30 maintains the bus voltage stable in a bus voltage control (e.g., dual PI control) mode. And a bus voltage control link calculates and obtains the reference voltage of the voltage outer ring according to the droop characteristic. Further, when the distributed generation output power is smaller than the load-side required power, the photovoltaic unit 30 controls the output maximum power using a maximum power tracking control Mode (MPPT), and the bus voltage is maintained by others (for example, when the bus voltage is at the third level, the bus voltage is controlled to be stable by the gas turbine 20). MPPT control also employs dual PI control. The maximum power tracking control adopts an incremental conductance method to calculate and obtain the reference voltage of the voltage outer ring, the control process of the photovoltaic unit converter is shown as the attached figure 5, wherein IL is the output current of the photovoltaic converter.
Further, when the bus voltage is at the third level, the gas turbine 20 is started to control the dc bus voltage when the voltage drop is large, so as to improve the clean energy utilization rate of the dc microgrid. The gas turbine 20 in the dc microgrid may be switched between constant pressure and idle modes. The gas turbine 20 also employs dual PI control with a reference voltage Uref of the outer voltage loop of 0.94 Udcn. The control process of the gas turbine control system is shown in FIG. 6. Where IL is the output current of the gas turbine converter.
Further, when the bus voltage is in the fourth level, the power distribution network is connected to the direct-current bus through the AC/DC converter 61, the power fluctuation range of the direct-current micro-grid system is large, and the grid-side converter is started to maintain the constant direct-current bus voltage. As shown in fig. 7, the AC-DC converter 61 employs double closed loop decoupling control, in which the outer loop is voltage control and reactive power control, and the inner loop is current loop control. And determining a reference value of the direct-current bus voltage according to the control layer where the direct-current bus voltage is located. When the direct current bus voltage Udc is greater than 1.08Udcn, setting the bus voltage reference value to be 1.09 Udcn; when Udc <0.92Udcn, the dc bus reference voltage is set to 0.91 Udcn. The reactive power reference value Qref is obtained by a control target of the output reactive power of the AC-DC converter 60.
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, two working modes exist in each distributed power supply in the direct-current microgrid system: a constant voltage control mode and a power control mode. The constant voltage control mode realizes the control of the bus voltage, and the power control mode controls the output or input power of the power supply.
For the above embodiment, a simulation waveform of the bus voltage is shown in fig. 8. When t is more than or equal to 0 and less than 2s, the bus voltage is at the first control layer, the energy storage battery 50 serves as a voltage control unit, and the bus voltage is maintained at a rated value of 400V; when t is more than or equal to 2s and less than 4s, the photovoltaic unit 30 is switched to a constant voltage control mode from the maximum power tracking control, and the bus voltage is maintained at 424V; when t is more than or equal to 4s and less than 6s, the grid-side converter 70 is put into operation to adjust the bus voltage, the bus voltage is controlled at 436V, and the photovoltaic unit 30 is switched to the MPPT operation mode; when t is more than or equal to 6s and less than 8s, the energy storage battery 50 works in a discharging mode to adjust the bus voltage, and the grid-side converter 60 stops working; when t is more than or equal to 8s and less than 10s, the SOC of the energy storage battery 50 is less than 10 percent, and the energy storage battery 50 stops working in order to prevent the battery from being damaged by deep discharge of the energy storage battery 50. The photovoltaic output power is less than the local load demand power, the gas turbine 20 starts to output power, and the bus voltage is controlled at 376V. In order to improve the reliability of the power supply of the micro-grid, the energy storage battery 50 is charged for energy storage; when t is more than or equal to 10s and less than 12s, the system power fluctuation is large, the grid-side converter 60 is put into operation, the grid-side converter 60 maintains the bus voltage at 364V, and the energy storage battery 50 and the gas turbine 20 do not work; and when t is more than or equal to 12s and less than 14s, cutting off all loads in the direct current microgrid, wherein the direct current microgrid has no load. The grid-side inverter 60 stops operating and the bus voltage is maintained at 400V by the energy storage battery 50. Since the load demand power is 0 and the SOC of the energy storage battery 50 is greater than 90%, each distributed power supply of the microgrid stops operating and its output power is 0W.
In summary, according to the embodiment of the invention, by using the method for controlling the voltage stability of the bus of the direct current microgrid, on one hand, the stability of the direct current microgrid system is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the operation independence of the direct current microgrid is improved; on the other hand, the use scope of the direct current microgrid is promoted, and therefore the maximum utilization of clean energy is achieved.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.