CN107669941A - A kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Improve the Chinese medicinal preparation method of insulin resistance the invention discloses a kind of, including configure American Ginseng, coix seed, rhizoma alismatis, the coptis, the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf, polygala, affine cudweed, matrimony vine, the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali, sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis in parts by weight；By the medicinal clear water of above-mentioned whole Chinese medicine materials or pure water immersion；Chinese medicine material medicine after immersion and its liquid medicine of immersion are added in decocting container, capping decocts jointly；After the completion of decoction, decoction is filtered out, it is endo-medicine to obtain decoction.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is based on the understanding to symptoms of insulin resistance mechanism and improves principle, using the directly oral method of decoction, tonification and purgation in combination, by reducing Serum Resistin Levels, leptin, TNF ＆ alpha levels so as to improving the effect of insulin resistance, it is and evident in efficacy, quality is easily controlled, and stability is good, has no adverse reaction substantially.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of Chinese medicines, is a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance specifically.
Background technology
Insulin resistance refers to that a variety of causes makes insulin promote glucose uptake and the efficiency utilized to decline, and body is compensatory
Property hypersecretion insulin produce hyperinsulinemia, to maintain the stabilization of blood glucose.Insulin resistance is easily caused Metabolic syndrome
Seek peace diabetes B.The fifties, Yallow etc. applied radiating immuning analysis technology plasma insulin concentration, found blood plasma pancreas
Element horizontal relatively low patient's insulin sensitivity in island is higher, and thus the higher people of plasma insulin carries to insulin insensitivity
The concept of insulin resistance is gone out.Insulin resistance is caused mainly to include following factor：
1. hereditary factors
The textural anomaly of insulin, the gene mutation after insulin antibody, insulin receptor or insulin receptor in vivo be present（Such as
Glut4 gene mutations, glucokinase gene mutation and IRS gene mutation etc.）.
It is 2. fat
Obesity is to cause the most important reason of insulin resistance, especially central obesity.It is fat mainly with long-term motion amount not
It is excessively relevant that foot and dietary energy take the photograph people, and 80% with obesity when diabetes B patient diagnoses.
3. disease
Long term hyperglycemia, high free fatty acid hyperlipemia, some drugses such as glucocorticoid, some microelement deficiencies such as chromium and vanadium
Shortage, gestation and internal insulin resistance hormone increase etc..
4. TNFa（TNF-a）Increase
TNF-a increased activities can promote lipolysis to cause plasma free fatty acid level to increase, so as to cause insulin to support
Anti- and hyperinsulinemia.
5. other
The reduction of leptin resistance and adiponectin or reduced activity, content of triglyceride increases in Skeletal Muscle Cell, in B cell
Cholesterol accumulation excessively causes its hypofunction.Still find that the phylaxin of adipocyte secretion can reduce insulin stimulating in recent years
Glucose uptake afterwards, tissue intake glucose gos up after neutralizing phylaxin.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including it is following
It is prepared by several steps：
Step S1：In parts by weight configure 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis,
6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali
14 ~ 20 parts of 12 ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis；
Step S2：By above-mentioned whole Chinese medicine material medicines, to be soaked 30 minutes with clear water or pure water in advance, water consumption for immersion is 0.9 ~
1.1L；
Step S3：Chinese medicine material medicine after immersion and its liquid medicine of immersion are added in decocting container, capping decocts jointly；
Step S4：Decocting container herb liquid is seethed with excitement with high heat, reuse slow fire and boil 15 ~ 20 minutes, 2 need to be stirred when boiling medicine
~ 3 times；
Step S5：After the completion of decoction, decoction is filtered out, it is endo-medicine to obtain decoction.
The bulk drug pharmacology of the Chinese medicinal preparation method of the present invention for improving insulin resistance：
American Ginseng：It is cool in nature, sweet, slight bitter.Thoughts of returning home warp, lung channel, kidney channel.Boosting qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat and promoting fluid.Classify under category qi-restoratives medicine
Qi-tonifying drug.
Coix seed：It is cool in nature, it is sweet, light.Returns spleen warp, stomach, lung channel.Invigorating spleen to remove dampness, remove numbness antidiarrheal, clearing away heat and eliminating pus.Category profit
The stranguria-relieving diuretic of water excreting dampness medicine subordinate classification.
Rhizoma alismatis：It is cold in nature, it is sweet, light.Return kidney channel, bladder warp.Diuresis, clearing away damp-heat.The profit classified under category damp-clearing drug
Urinate stranguria-relieving medicinal.
The coptis：It is cold in nature, bitter.Thoughts of returning home warp, the spleen channel, stomach, Liver Channel, gallbladder channel, large intestine channel.Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating.Category
The heat-clearing and damp-drying drug of antipyretic subordinate classification.
The root of kudzu vine：It is cool in nature, it is sweet, pungent.Returns spleen warp, stomach.Expelling pathogenic factors from muscles and skin is brought down a fever, promoted the production of body fluid, promoting eruption, Shengyang Zhixie.Belong under diaphoretic medicine
The cold-pungent and diaphoretic drugs of classification.
Mulberry leaf：It is cold in nature, it is sweet, bitter.Return lung warp, Liver Channel.Dispelling wind and heat from the body, clearing away the lungheat and moisturizing, clear liver and improve vision.Belong to diaphoretic medicine subordinate
The cold-pungent and diaphoretic drugs of classification.
Polygala：It is warm-natured, it is bitter, pungent.Thoughts of returning home warp, kidney channel, lung channel.Tranquilize the mind and promote the intelligence, eliminating the phlegm, detumescence.Belong to sedative subordinate point
The heart-nourishing tranquilizer of class.
Affine cudweed：It is mild-natured, it is sweet.Return lung passes through.Eliminating the phlegm, relieving cough and asthma, wind-damp dispelling.Belong to expectorants, antitussives and anti-asthmatics medicine subordinate classification
Medicine for the treatment of cough and asthma.
Matrimony vine：It is mild-natured, it is sweet.Return liver warp, kidney channel.Nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting shrewd head.Belong to the tonifying yin of qi-restoratives medicine subordinate classification
Medicine.
The stem of noble dendrobium：Cold nature, it is sweet.Return stomach, kidney channel.Reinforcing stomach reg fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat.Belong to the tonifying yin of qi-restoratives medicine subordinate classification
Medicine.
The Radix Astragali：Slightly warm in nature, it is sweet.Returns spleen warp, lung channel.Invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, diuresis, pus draining and toxin expelling, myogenic.Belong to qi-restoratives medicine subordinate
The Qi-tonifying drug of classification.
Sealwort：It is mild-natured, it is sweet.Return lung warp, the spleen channel, kidney channel.Boosting qi and nourishing yin, invigorating the spleen, moistening lung, kidney-nourishing.Belong to lower point of qi-restoratives medicine
The yin tonics of class.
Rhizoma atractylodis：It is warm-natured, acrid flavour, hardship.Returns spleen warp, stomach, Liver Channel.Drying damp and strengthening spleen, expelling wind and clearing away cold, improving eyesight.Belong to damp-resolving medicinal.
Including 5 ~ 15 parts of 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, coix seed by weight, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, Pueraria lobota
6 ~ 12 parts of root, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali 12
14 ~ 20 parts of ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis.
Including 5 ~ 15 parts of 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, coix seed by weight, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, Pueraria lobota
6 ~ 12 parts of root, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali 12
14 ~ 20 parts of ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis.
Including 5 ~ 15 parts of 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, coix seed by weight, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, Pueraria lobota
6 ~ 12 parts of root, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali 12
14 ~ 20 parts of ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis.
Including 5 ~ 15 parts of 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, coix seed by weight, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, Pueraria lobota
6 ~ 12 parts of root, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali 12
14 ~ 20 parts of ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis.
Described step S2 ~ S5 is decoction, in addition to step S6 for the first time：
Second is carried out using 0.7 ~ 0.8L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5 to decoct；
Third time decoction is carried out using 0.5 ~ 0.6L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5.
Described first time, which decocts, to be carried out two hours, and second of decoction is carried out one and a half hours, and third time, which decocts, carries out one
Hour.
Described decocting container is marmite, enamel ware or stainless steel, avoids and uses ironware
The present invention compared with prior art, has advantages below and beneficial effect：
The present invention is based on the understanding to symptoms of insulin resistance mechanism and improves principle, using decocting directly oral method,
Tonification and purgation in combination, by reducing Serum Resistin Levels, leptin, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels so as to improve the effect of insulin resistance,
And evident in efficacy, quality is easily controlled, stability is good, has no adverse reaction substantially.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1：
In the present embodiment, prepared by a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including following steps：
Step S1：In parts by weight configure 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis,
6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali
14 ~ 20 parts of 12 ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis；
Step S2：By above-mentioned whole Chinese medicine material medicines, to be soaked 30 minutes with clear water or pure water in advance, water consumption for immersion is 0.9 ~
1.1L；
Step S3：Chinese medicine material medicine after immersion and its liquid medicine of immersion are added in decocting container, capping decocts jointly；
Step S4：Decocting container herb liquid is seethed with excitement with high heat, reuse slow fire and boil 15 ~ 20 minutes, 2 need to be stirred when boiling medicine
~ 3 times；
Step S5：After the completion of decoction, decoction is filtered out, it is endo-medicine to obtain decoction.
Embodiment 2：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including by weight
Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~
18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20
14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.In the present embodiment, other parts not described are identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 3：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including by weight
Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~
18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20
14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.In the present embodiment, other parts not described are identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 4：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including by weight
Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~
18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20
14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.In the present embodiment, other parts not described are identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 5：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, a kind of Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, including by weight
Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~
18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20
14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.In the present embodiment, other parts not described are identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 6：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, described step S2 ~ S5 is decoction, in addition to step S6 for the first time：
Second is carried out using 0.7 ~ 0.8L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5 to decoct；
Third time decoction is carried out using 0.5 ~ 0.6L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5.In the present embodiment, other are not described
Part it is identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 7：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, described first time, which decocts, to be carried out two hours, and second of decoction is carried out
One and a half hours, third time, which decocts, to be carried out one hour.In the present embodiment, other parts not described and the content of above-described embodiment
It is identical, therefore do not repeat.
Embodiment 8：
On the basis of above-described embodiment, in the present embodiment, described decocting container is marmite, enamel ware or stainless steel,
Avoid and use ironware.In the present embodiment, other parts not described are identical with the content of above-described embodiment, therefore do not repeat.
Toxicology test：
Acute toxicity test：
Experimental observation, because LD50 can not be measured, therefore the measure of maximum dosage-feeding is carried out.Chinese medicine compound prescription prepared by embodiment 1
Mixture is dissolved in sterile saline, is configured to solution gavage mouse, is as a result shown, is given birth to medicine maximum administration concentration 9.65
Medicine/ml, for maximum administered volume 50ml/kg in being administered twice in 24 hours to mouse stomach, mouse maximum dosage-feeding is 763.25g
Crude drug/kg, animal do not occur adverse reaction and death, each internal organs no abnormality seen of anatomic observation.
Long term toxicity test：
SD rats 80 are applied in this experiment, and Chinese medicine compound prescription mixture prepared by embodiment 1 is dissolved in sterile saline, configuration
Into solution gavage, if control group and 24g, 35g, 49g crude drug/kg dosage groups, continuous gavage is administered 12 weeks, observes in the present invention
Influence of the drug composition to animal indices.Result of the test shows that successive administration 12 weeks, Chinese medicine composition of the invention is to big
The body weight of mouse, food ration, peripheral hemogram, clotting time, electrocardiogram, organ index etc. have no significant effect；Blood biochemical 12
Item index determining result, 12 weeks low dose group BiLi values of administration are higher than control group（P<0.05)；Low dose group, middle dose group TP values
Higher than control group（P<0.05), but within normal physiologic range, other indexs no significant difference compared with control group.Recover
Phase each administration group indices measured value and the more equal no significant difference of control group.Each internal organs gross examination of skeletal muscle no abnormality seen of each group.
It is described above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, any formal limitation not done to the present invention, it is every according to
Any simply modification, the equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention to above example, each fall within the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance, it is characterised in that：Prepared including following steps：Step S1：In parts by weight configure 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, 14 ~ 18 parts of mulberry leaf, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, the Radix Astragali 14 ~ 20 parts of 12 ~ 15 parts, 14 ~ 20 parts of sealwort and rhizoma atractylodis；Step S2：By above-mentioned whole Chinese medicine material medicines, to be soaked 30 minutes with clear water or pure water in advance, water consumption for immersion is 0.9 ~ 1.1L；Step S3：Chinese medicine material medicine after immersion and its liquid medicine of immersion are added in decocting container, capping decocts jointly；Step S4：Decocting container herb liquid is seethed with excitement with high heat, reuse slow fire and boil 15 ~ 20 minutes, 2 need to be stirred when boiling medicine ~ 3 times；Step S5：After the completion of decoction, decoction is filtered out, it is endo-medicine to obtain decoction.
- A kind of 2. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including by weight Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~ 18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20 14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.
- A kind of 3. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including by weight Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~ 18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20 14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.
- A kind of 4. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including by weight Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~ 18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20 14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.
- A kind of 5. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Including by weight Measure part meter 12 ~ 16 parts of American Ginseng, 5 ~ 15 parts of coix seed, 12 ~ 20 parts of rhizoma alismatis, 14 ~ 20 parts of the coptis, 6 ~ 12 parts of the root of kudzu vine, mulberry leaf 14 ~ 18 parts, 12 ~ 18 parts of polygala, 10 ~ 15 parts of affine cudweed, 16 ~ 24 parts of matrimony vine, 12 ~ 16 parts of the stem of noble dendrobium, 12 ~ 15 parts of the Radix Astragali, sealwort 14 ~ 20 14 ~ 20 parts of part and rhizoma atractylodis.
- A kind of 6. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described step Rapid S2 ~ S5 is decoction, in addition to step S6 for the first time：Second is carried out using 0.7 ~ 0.8L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5 to decoct；Third time decoction is carried out using 0.5 ~ 0.6L clear water or pure water repeat step S3 ~ S5.
- A kind of 7. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Once decoct and carry out two hours, second of decoction is carried out one and a half hours, and third time, which decocts, to be carried out one hour.
- A kind of 8. Chinese medicinal preparation method for improving insulin resistance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described decocts Medicine container is marmite, enamel ware or stainless steel, avoids and uses ironware.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108935843A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 蔡秋汕 | A kind of affine cudweed alternative tea |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108935843A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 蔡秋汕 | A kind of affine cudweed alternative tea |
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Application publication date: 20180209 |