CN107654276A - 船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统 - Google Patents
船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统 Download PDFInfo
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
- F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
- F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
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- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
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- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
本发明提供的是一种船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统。包括连接在发动机排气管道后的氧化催化器,还包括补燃器,补燃器通过单独的补燃器油泵与油箱相连,补燃器的出口并入发动机排气管道加热排气管道中的来自发动机的含甲烷尾气,使尾气温度达到甲烷氧化催化所需温度。本发明通过加装补燃器以提高船舶双燃料/天然气发动机尾气的温度,进而利用氧化催化装置去除来自双燃料/天然气发动机的逃逸甲烷,减少了环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机逃逸甲烷的排放后处理系统,具体地说是一种船舶双燃料发动机/天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的排放后处理系统。
背景技术
船舶双燃料/天然气发动机以其燃料(CH4)来源多,燃料成本低,与传统船舶低速发动机相比,NOx排放降低20%以上,几乎没有硫氧化物和颗粒物排放,正在江海和远洋船舶上获得越来越多的应用。但双燃料/天然气发动机的HC排放,尤其是基于Otto循环的双燃料/天然气发动机的甲烷(CH4)排放较多,对环境产生了严重的污染。
目前IMO及世界各国的环保法规越来越严格,对船舶发动机尾气排放的控制要求也越来越严格,如何采取有效手段降低发动机污染物的排放成为发动机排放技术研究领域的重要课题。碳氢化合物(HC)是双燃料/天然气发动机的主要排放物,主要包括甲烷及其衍生物(甲醛CH2O和甲醇CH3OH)等。
船舶双燃料/天然气发动机排放的碳氢化合物包括未燃和未完全燃烧的燃料、润滑油及其裂解产物和部分氧化物,如甲烷、甲醛、苯、醛、酮及有关衍生物等200多种成分。为了减少碳氢化合物的排放,在发动机排气后处理系统中安装DOC(Diesel OxidationCatalyst,氧化催化器)是目前主要的技术手段。氧化催化器由壳体、减振层、载体及催化剂四部分构成,随着尾气通过氧化催化器,其中的CO、碳氢化合物等污染物(除甲烷外)会被氧化,从而减少污染物排放。
碳氢化合物中的甲烷是热势很高的温室效应气体,其温暖化潜势要比二氧化碳大21倍。甲烷是一种高度稳定的化合物,需要很高的活化能来破坏碳氢键和氧化甲烷分子。有效地氧化催化甲烷需要尾气温度高于600℃。由于从双燃料/天然气发动机排出的尾气温度较低,尾气后处理系统中的氧化催化器难以将其中的甲烷这一温室效应成分去除。
现有技术中,关于发动机尾气的氧化催化技术主要有:
1、申请号为201020620945.0的专利文件中公开的“柴油发动机氧化催化器”,设计了一种柴油发动机氧化催化器,采用蚌壳式封装为一体,使用价格较低的钯,降低了生产成本。但该装置只适用于车用柴油发动机,且氧化催化效率不够高,也无法去除船舶双燃料/天然气发动机尾气成分中的甲烷。
2、申请号为201180074031.6的专利文件中公开的“柴油机氧化催化器和处理发动机排气的方法”,设计了一种柴油机氧化催化器,该装置对氧化催化器的入口端和出口端通道进行了改进,有利于改善氧化催化器易受烟尘和碳氢化合物颗粒的堵塞问题。但该装置针对柴油机设计,且氧化催化温度较低,不能够处理船舶双燃料/天然气发动机尾气成分中的甲烷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够去除包括普通氧化催化器不能氧化的甲烷在内的多种环境污染物,减少船舶尾气污染物和温室效应气体排放的船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
包括连接在发动机排气管道后的氧化催化器,还包括补燃器,补燃器通过单独的补燃器油泵与油箱相连,补燃器的出口并入发动机排气管道加热排气管道中的来自发动机的含甲烷尾气,使尾气温度达到甲烷氧化催化所需温度。
本发明还可以包括:
还包括温度传感器和电控装置,温度传感器安装在补燃器的出口并入之后的发动机排气管道上,温度传感器监测氧化催化器前的尾气温度输入电控装置,电控装置控制补燃器油泵和补燃器。
本发明提供了一种能够去除包括甲烷在内的多种环境污染物的船舶双燃料/天然气发动机的尾气后处理氧化催化装置。该系统由氧化催化装置和补燃器相结合,能够将发动机尾气温度提高到满足甲烷氧化催化的温度,去除包括普通氧化催化器不能氧化的甲烷在内的多种环境污染物,减少船舶尾气污染物和温室效应气体的排放。
本发明的技术方案包括氧化催化器、补燃器、温度传感器、电控装置、泵及管路。补燃器通过单独的补燃器油泵与油箱相连,补燃器和输油泵与电控装置连接。氧化催化器安装在发动机排气管道中,尾气从发动机进入排气管道,当需要处理船舶双燃料/天然气尾气中的甲烷时,补燃器开始工作,燃料箱中的燃料经由输油泵向补燃器供油,补燃器产生的高温排气并入发动机排气管道中,加热排气管道中的来自发动机的含甲烷尾气,温度传感器监测氧化催化器前的尾气温度,通过电控装置选择启停补燃器。该系统通过加装补燃器提高尾气氧化催化的温度,使其达到甲烷氧化催化所需温度,从而达到去除尾气中逃逸甲烷的目的。
本发明的技术方案的主要特点体现在:
1、利用高温排气,提高船舶双燃料/天然气发动机尾气的温度,使之达到氧化催化器能够去除甲烷的温度,以在氧化催化器中氧化掉发动机尾气中的逃逸甲烷。
2、采用补燃器和氧化催化器相结合的方法。
3、对尾气的温度进行控制,以保证氧化催化器中的尾气温度在能够氧化催化甲烷的适宜范围内。
4、通过补燃器的尾气温度控制为600℃~750℃。
5、补燃器的进口端依次连接补燃器油泵和油箱,发动机排气管道上设有氧化催化器,温度传感器布置在氧化催化器前的排气管道上,电控装置的输入端连接温度传感器,输出端连接补燃器和补燃器油泵。补燃器产生的高温排气通过补燃器排气管道汇入发动机排气管道,和发动机产生的含甲烷尾气一并流入氧化催化器。
6、来源于船舶双燃料/天然气发动机的含甲烷尾气通过排气管道进入氧化催化器,温度传感器测量氧化催化器前的尾气温度,将温度信号输入电控装置中,如果温度低于600℃(甲烷氧化催化反应温度),电控装置输出信号,使补燃器油泵喷油,补燃器点火运行,补燃器产生高温排气汇入发动机排气管道中,加热排气管道中的尾气。如果温度传感器输入到电控装置的温度信号高于750℃,则电控装置输出信号使补燃器油泵和补燃器停止运行,从而使得流经氧化催化器的尾气温度保持在能够氧化催化甲烷的适宜范围内,从而达到去除甲烷的目的,同时也能够氧化CO、碳氢化合物(除甲烷外)及其他污染物。
7、当船舶双燃料发动机工作在燃油模式或发动机运行工况不需要去除甲烷时,电控装置控制补燃器油泵和补燃器关闭,不产生高温排气,氧化催化器中只有从发动机产生的尾气流过,此时可以完成氧化CO、碳氢化合物(除甲烷外)及其他污染物,能够有效节约能耗,提高经济性。
8、根据船舶双燃料发动机的运行模式或发动机的运行工况来主动选择是否需要处理尾气中的甲烷。
本发明与现有技术相比的优势在于:
(1)氧化催化器与补燃器联合,提高了尾气氧化催化反应的温度,能够去除普通氧化催化器不能去除的甲烷,减少了发动机尾气HC排放和温室效应气体排放。
(2)补燃器独立于发动机排气管道之外,对发动机燃烧性能影响很小。
(3)当船舶双燃料发动机运行在燃油模式或运行工况不需要去除甲烷时,可以通过电控装置停止运行补燃器,使尾气在较低的温度下氧化催化,能有效减少能耗,提高经济性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面举例对本发明做更详细的描述。
结合图1,本发明主要包括氧化催化器8、补燃器5、补燃器油泵4、电控装置6、温度传感器7及附属管路和控制线路。补燃器5的进口端依次连接补燃器油泵4和油箱1,发动机2通过油路与发动机燃油泵3和油箱1相连(发动机燃油模式或引燃气体燃料时用),发动机排气管道上设有氧化催化器8,温度传感器7布置在氧化催化器8前的排气管道上,电控装置6的输入端连接温度传感器7,输出端连接补燃器5和补燃器油泵4。补燃器5产生的高温排气通过补燃器排气管道汇入发动机排气管道,和发动机2产生的含甲烷尾气一并流入氧化催化器8。
本装置氧化催化甲烷的功能是这样实现的:来源于船舶双燃料/天然气发动机2的含甲烷尾气通过排气管道进入氧化催化器8,温度传感器7测量氧化催化器8前的尾气温度,将温度信号输入电控装置6中,如果温度低于600℃,电控装置6输出信号,使补燃器油泵4喷油,补燃器5点火运行,补燃器5产生高温的排气汇入发动机排气管道中,加热排气管道中的含甲烷尾气。如果温度传感器7输入到电控装置6的温度信号高于750℃,则电控装置6输出信号使补燃器油泵4和补燃器5停止运行,从而使得流经氧化催化器8的尾气温度保持在能够氧化催化甲烷的适宜范围内,从而达到去除甲烷的目的,同时也能够氧化CO、碳氢化合物(除甲烷外)及其他污染物。
当船舶双燃料发动机运行在燃油模式或发动机运行工况不需要处理甲烷时,电控装置6控制补燃器油泵4和补燃器5关闭,不产生高温排气,氧化催化器8中只有从发动机2产生的尾气流过,此时可以完成氧化CO、碳氢化合物(除甲烷外)及其他污染物,能够有效减少能耗,提高经济性。
虽然本faming中已经结合实施例对本发明进行了描述,但应该理解的是,本发明不局限于所公开的实施方式,而是在如所附权利要求中限定的一样涵盖其特征的各种组合或者修改已经包含在本发明的范围内的一些其他应用。
Claims (3)
1.一种船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统,包括连接在发动机排气管道后的氧化催化器,其特征是:还包括补燃器,补燃器通过单独的补燃器油泵与油箱相连,补燃器的出口并入发动机排气管道加热排气管道中的来自发动机的含甲烷尾气,使尾气温度达到甲烷氧化催化所需温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统,其特征是:还包括温度传感器和电控装置,温度传感器安装在补燃器的出口并入之后的发动机排气管道上,温度传感器监测氧化催化器前的尾气温度输入电控装置,电控装置控制补燃器油泵和补燃器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的船舶双燃料或天然气发动机逃逸甲烷的处理系统,其特征是所述电控装置控制补燃器油泵和补燃器具体包括:温度传感器测量氧化催化器前的尾气温度,将温度信号输入电控装置中,如果温度低于600℃,电控装置输出信号,使补燃器油泵喷油,补燃器点火运行,补燃器产生高温排气汇入发动机排气管道中,加热排气管道中的尾气;如果温度传感器输入到电控装置的温度信号高于750℃,则电控装置输出信号使补燃器油泵和补燃器停止运行,使流经氧化催化器的尾气温度保持在能够氧化催化甲烷的适宜范围内。
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