CN107641528B - Energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process - Google Patents
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, relates to a gasification process route for clean and efficient utilization of coal, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and water-saving gas/steam co-production gasification process. The gasification process comprises the following steps: the carbon-containing powder material reacts with an oxidant in a gasification furnace, the generated high-temperature synthesis gas and waste slag are directly cooled by a radiation waste boiler, high-temperature sensible heat is recovered to generate high-quality steam, then gas-solid separation is carried out through a dry method ash removal process, and then the gas-solid separation enters a downstream process. The invention can recover the sensible heat of the high-temperature raw gas and the high-temperature slag, can obtain high-temperature and high-pressure steam, realizes the co-production of gas and steam, saves water resources, improves the energy utilization benefit, has good economic benefit, and has reliable operation of the process, environmental protection, green and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, relates to a clean and efficient utilization gasification process route for coal, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process.
Background
The coal gasification technology is the leading technology of the coal chemical industry. In recent years, remarkable achievements and progress are made in the coal gasification technology, and particularly, the coal gasification technology is gradually the first choice of coal gasification due to good coal adaptability, high gasification efficiency and excellent environmental protection performance; in particular, chilling process pulverized coal pressure gasification technology has become the mainstream technology of modern coal chemical industry, and the main research direction lies in the aspects of large-scale, energy-saving, water-saving, large-scale benefit and the like of dry pulverized coal gasification technology.
At present, the mature gasification technologies at home and abroad mainly comprise: shell waste boiler process gasification technology, GSP gasification technology, Kelin gasification technology and GE water-coal-slurry gasification technology; the shell waste pot flow gasification technology belongs to a gas chilling flow combined with waste pot heat recovery, and is high in energy utilization rate and relatively high in investment cost; the GSP gasification technology of Siemens adopts space water chilling, and the situation is not ideal when some domestic olefin projects are industrially operated for the first time; the Coriolis gasification technology is similar to the GSP gasification principle, the domestic application of the technology is Yan Guizhou project of mine, the actual coal input amount is not large and is about 1500 t/d; the GE coal water slurry gasification technology has certain progress in large-scale currently, but is limited by coal slurry forming property and the service life of gasification furnace bricks, and the application range is limited.
The domestic developed gasification technologies include Shenning furnace, space furnace, four-nozzle coal water slurry gasification, Oriental furnace, two-stage furnace and the like, but the gasification technology is still the existing gasification concept and is mostly chilling process coal gasification technology. Although the technology has the advantages of short flow and low cost, the technology also has the defects of low energy utilization rate, high water consumption and the like.
In summary, the modern coal gasification technology still has the problems of low load capacity of a single furnace, low thermal efficiency of the gasification furnace, large water consumption in the gasification process and the like, and the gasification process is still in the growth period of upgrading demonstration. Therefore, the pulverized coal gasification technology which is energy-saving, water-saving, reliable in operation and environment-friendly is an important research direction of the coal gasification technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-saving water-steam/steam co-production gasification process, which adopts the combination of pulverized coal pressurized gasification and high-temperature synthesis gas radiation waste boiler direct cooling to realize a dry ash removal technology, saves energy and water, can recover heat at high grade and reduce water resource consumption; reliable operation, environmental protection, green and high efficiency.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
an energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process, which comprises the following steps: reacting the carbon-containing powder material with an oxidant in a gasification furnace, carrying out gas-solid separation on the generated high-temperature synthesis gas and waste residues through a dry-method ash removal process after the generated high-temperature synthesis gas and the waste residues pass through a radiation waste boiler, and then entering a downstream process; meanwhile, the high-temperature synthesis gas passing through the radiation waste boiler and the high-temperature sensible heat of the waste slag are recovered to generate steam.
The gasification process can be subjected to gas-solid separation through a dry ash removal process, or can be subjected to wet ash removal and then enters a downstream process.
The gasification process can be finely washed by a wet washing process after a dry ash removal process and a wet ash removal process, and then enters a downstream process.
In the dry ash removal process of the gasification process, a cyclone separator is used for cyclone separation, or the cyclone separator is used for cyclone separation and a filter is used for filtering, so that gas-solid separation is realized; the wet ash removal process adopts a Venturi scrubber for cooling and humidifying; the wet washing procedure is fine washing by adopting a carbon washing tower.
In the gasification process, the carbon-containing powder material is one or more of coal, solid waste, household garbage or biomass; the oxidant is one or more of air, oxygen-enriched air, water or water vapor.
According to the gasification process, a product obtained after the radiation waste boiler recovers high-temperature sensible heat is saturated steam or superheated steam; the saturated steam is one of medium-pressure steam, high-pressure steam or low-pressure steam, and the superheated steam is one of medium-pressure steam, high-pressure steam or low-pressure steam; preferably, the saturated steam is high pressure steam and the superheated steam is high pressure steam.
An energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process comprises the following specific processes:
the pulverized coal and oxygen from outside the battery limits after grinding and drying are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction in a combustion chamber of a gasification furnace to produce CO and CO2、H2、H2And (3) introducing the crude gas and the high-temperature liquid slag with O as main products into high-temperature sensible heat recovery after passing through a throat pipe of the gasification furnace, wherein the main equipment for the high-temperature sensible heat recovery is a radiation waste boiler.
When the high-temperature synthesis gas and the liquid slag pass through the radiation waste boiler, the boiler feed water flowing through the tube pass of the radiation waste boiler is heated through high-temperature radiation heat exchange, and meanwhile, the self temperature is reduced, and the recovery and the utilization of high-temperature sensible heat are realized.
The heated boiler feed water enters the steam drum in a natural circulation or forced circulation mode, steam is merged into a system pipe network through pressure regulation after steam-liquid separation is carried out in the steam drum, and the separated liquid water enters the radiation waste boiler again from the bottom of the steam drum through natural circulation or forced circulation.
After the temperature is reduced, part of liquid slag is solidified into coal ash particles, the part of solid particles are subjected to preliminary gas-solid separation in a separation space at the lower part of the radiation waste boiler, the solid particles with larger mass which cannot be carried by gas fall into a water bath slag pool at the bottom, and the particles with smaller mass which can be carried by gas flow easily enter the convection waste boiler along with the crude gas through a connecting pipe for further cooling. Wherein, the convection waste boiler is a fire tube type heat exchanger, the ash-containing crude gas heats the boiler feed water of the shell pass from bottom to top through a convection heat exchange mode and reduces the temperature of the boiler feed water at the same time; the connecting pipe is of a water jacket structure and adopts a large-gradient design, so that solid particles in the crude gas can effectively flow along the connecting pipe, and the solid particles are prevented from sliding into the gasification furnace again.
Boiler feed water sent from outside the battery limits is firstly subjected to primary heating through the convection waste boiler, and the heated boiler feed water enters the steam drum and then enters the radiation waste boiler. The connecting pipe adopts a water jacket form, boiler feed water outside a boundary region flows through the pipe pass of the water jacket of the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is protected from being burnt by high-temperature crude gas. The crude gas after further cooling is connected into a dry ash removal process, namely a cyclone separator, from the top of the convection waste boiler; after cyclone separation, solid particles are separated, and are simultaneously cooled and cooled through a decompression lock hopper, and then are sent into a coal ash cooling and collecting bin; in the coal ash cooling and collecting bin, the temperature is continuously reduced to 50-80 ℃ by introducing normal-temperature low-pressure nitrogen or low-temperature water for indirect heat exchange on the premise of ensuring that the coal ash is fluidized and not agglomerated, and the cooled coal ash is collected and transported by a tank car and output to a boundary region. The dust content of the crude gas separated by the cyclone separator reaches 1g/Nm3And then the wastewater is led out from the top of the separator and enters a wet washing process. In the wet washing process, the crude gas is cooled and humidified by an adjustable Venturi scrubber, solid particles with smaller particle sizes are agglomerated and then enter a carbon washing tower together with the crude gas, and the dust content in the crude gas is finally reduced to 0.5mg/Nm after the crude gas is further finely washed in the carbon washing tower3Then, the mixture is sent to a downstream working section.
And (3) sending the black water at the bottom of the carbon washing tower into a black water flash evaporation process, recovering heat through flash evaporation, performing solid-liquid separation in a sedimentation mode, continuously recycling separated clean water, and concentrating separated solids through a filtering system and then sending out the solids from a boundary area.
The gas/steam co-production gasification process has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by arranging the radiation waste boiler and the convection waste boiler, gasification sensible heat stored in high-temperature raw gas can be recovered, and efficient energy recycling is realized; meanwhile, boiler feed water is heated to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure saturated steam, so that co-production of gas and steam is realized; in addition, according to the measurement and calculation, the gasification furnace with 2000t of coal input per day can recover about 120t of byproduct steam per hour through sensible heat recovery of the radiation waste boiler and the convection waste boiler, and the steam value recovered in one year can recover the related investment of waste boiler equipment;
(2) by taking the pulverized coal as a raw material and arranging the cyclone separator, the dry gasification and dry ash removal processes are realized, the washing water consumption of the raw gas can be reduced, and the purpose of saving water is realized; meanwhile, the use of the water quantity of the system is reduced, so that the equipment investment and the infrastructure investment of black water treatment are further reduced; the water resource is saved, the resource consumption is reduced, and good economic benefits are achieved;
(3) the process is reliable in operation, environment-friendly, green and efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process.
The codes in the figures are respectively: the device comprises a gasification furnace 1, a radiation waste boiler 2, a connecting pipe 3, a convection waste boiler 4, a cyclone separator 5, a venturi washer 6, a carbon washing tower 7, a steam drum 8, a chilling tank 9, a slag lock hopper 10, a slag tank 11, a first tank car 12, a temporary coal ash storage tank 13, a coal ash lock hopper 14, a coal ash cooling and collecting bin 15 and a second tank car 16.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the device for the energy-saving and water/steam co-production gasification process comprises a gasification furnace 1, a radiation waste pot 2, a connecting pipe 3, a convection waste pot 4, a cyclone separator 5, a venturi scrubber 6 and a carbon scrubber 7 which are connected in sequence; comprises a steam drum 8, wherein the steam drum 8 is respectively connected with a radiation waste boiler 2 and a convection waste boiler 4; comprises a chilling tank 9, a slag lock hopper 10, a slag tank 11 and a first tank car 12 which are positioned at the bottom of a radiation waste boiler 2 and are connected in sequence; the device comprises a coal ash temporary storage tank 13, a coal ash locking hopper 14, a coal ash cooling and collecting bin 15 and a second tank car 16 which are positioned at the bottom of a cyclone separator 5 and are sequentially connected; wherein, the included angle between the connecting pipe 3 and the horizontal line is 45 degrees; in addition, the bottom of the coal ash temporary storage tank 13 is also provided with a high-pressure nitrogen fluidizing device to ensure continuous fluidization and primary cooling of the coal ash, and the coal ash locking hopper 14 is provided with a bottom fluidizing device.
The main process of the energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification process comprises the following steps:
coal and oxygen are gasified in the gasification furnace 1 to produce CO and H2The high-temperature synthesis gas mainly carries liquid slag particles and enters the radiation waste boiler 2; after being radiated and cooled to be below 800 ℃, the waste heat enters a convection waste boiler 4 through a connecting pipe 3 designed by a water jacket, and enters a cyclone separator 5 after being cooled to be below 400 ℃ by convection heat exchange with feed water of a high-pressure boiler in the convection waste boiler 4.
The coal ash separated by the cyclone separator 5 firstly enters a coal ash temporary storage tank 13, and a high-pressure nitrogen fluidizing device is arranged at the bottom of the coal ash temporary storage tank 13 to ensure continuous fluidization and primary cooling of the coal ash; coal ash in the coal ash temporary storage tank 13 enters a coal ash lock hopper 14 for pressure reduction, the coal ash lock hopper 14 is provided with a bottom fluidizing device, and pressure reduction nitrogen is continuously introduced in the lock hopper pressure reduction process to ensure that the coal ash is not agglomerated and the coal ash is cooled to below 150 ℃ for the second time; the coal ash decompressed by the coal ash locking hopper 14 enters the coal ash cooling and collecting bin 15, and is continuously introduced with low-pressure nitrogen for continuous fluidization, cooled to 80 ℃ and then conveyed out of the boundary area through a second tank truck 16.
The dust content of the high-temperature synthesis gas separated by the cyclone separator 5 is reduced to 1g/Nm3Then the mixture enters a carbon washing tower 7 for further fine washing after being humidified by an adjustable high-efficiency Venturi scrubber 6, and finally the dust content in the synthesis gas is less than 0.5mg/Nm3。
The high-pressure boiler feed water is introduced from the outside of the battery compartment and then divided into two paths, one path enters the steam pocket 8, and the other path enters the convection waste boiler 4 and the connecting pipe 3, wherein the flow entering the convection waste boiler 4 is taken as the main flow; the flow of the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the steam drum 8 is controlled by the temperature and the pressure of the steam drum, the temperature of the high-pressure boiler feed water after heat exchange with the high-temperature synthesis gas in the convection waste boiler 4 is raised to be more than 280 ℃, and then the high-pressure boiler feed water enters the steam drum 8; the high-pressure boiler water entering the steam drum 8 enters the radiation waste boiler 2 in a natural circulation mode, the temperature is raised to be above 310 ℃ after heat exchange in the radiation waste boiler 2, the high-pressure boiler water is circulated back to the steam drum 8, after steam-liquid separation is carried out in the steam drum 8, high-pressure saturated steam is sent into a pipe network, and liquid enters the boiler water feeding natural circulation of the next period; the main purpose of the connection pipe 3 feeding boiler feed water is to protect the connection pipe 3 from burning.
In addition, the liquid slag generated by the gasification furnace 1 is primarily cooled by the radiation waste boiler 2 and then falls into a chilling tank 9 at the bottom of the gasification furnace 1 under the action of gravity, is quenched into solid infusible slag particles, is further treated by a slag lock hopper 10, enters a slag tank 11 and is transported out of a battery limit by a first tank truck 12.
And (3) sending the black water at the bottom of the carbon washing tower 7 to a black water flash evaporation process, recovering heat through flash evaporation, performing solid-liquid separation in a sedimentation mode, continuously recycling separated clean water, and concentrating separated solids through a filtering system and then sending the solids out of a boundary area.
The product obtained after the radiation waste boiler 2 recovers the high-temperature sensible heat is saturated steam, and the saturated steam is high-pressure steam.
Claims (3)
1. An energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification method is characterized by comprising the following steps: reacting carbon-containing powder material with an oxidant in a gasification furnace, carrying out gas-solid separation on generated high-temperature synthesis gas and waste residues through a dry-method ash removal process after passing through a radiation waste boiler and a convection waste boiler, and carrying out fine cleaning through a wet cleaning process after passing through a wet-method ash removal process; meanwhile, the high-temperature synthesis gas passing through the radiation waste boiler and the high-temperature sensible heat of the waste slag are recovered to generate steam;
wherein, the carbonaceous powder material is coal, the oxidant is oxygen, and the dry ash removal process adopts a cyclone separation method;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) coal and oxygen are gasified in the gasifier to produce CO and H2High-temperature synthesis gas as a main component and liquid slag particles carried by the synthesis gas enter a radiation waste boiler; after being radiated and cooled to be below 800 ℃, the waste water enters a convection waste boiler through a connecting pipe designed by a water jacket, and enters a cyclone separator after being cooled to be below 400 ℃ by convection heat exchange with feed water of a high-pressure boiler in the convection waste boiler; the connecting pipe is of a water jacket structure, the included angle between the connecting pipe and the horizontal line is 45 degrees, and the connecting pipe is obliquely and upwards arranged along the flowing direction of the high-temperature synthesis gas;
(2) the coal ash separated by the cyclone separator firstly enters a coal ash temporary storage tank, and a high-pressure nitrogen fluidizing device is arranged at the bottom of the coal ash temporary storage tank to ensure continuous fluidization and primary cooling of the coal ash; coal ash in the coal ash temporary storage tank enters a coal ash lock hopper for pressure reduction, the coal ash lock hopper is provided with a bottom fluidizing device, and pressure reduction nitrogen is continuously introduced in the pressure reduction process of the lock hopper, so that the coal ash is prevented from agglomerating, and the coal ash is cooled to below 150 ℃ for the second time; the coal ash after being decompressed by the coal ash locking hopper enters a coal ash cooling and collecting bin, low-pressure nitrogen is continuously introduced for continuous fluidization, and the coal ash is conveyed out of a boundary zone through a second tank truck after being cooled to 80 ℃;
(3) the dust content of the high-temperature synthesis gas separated by the cyclone separator is reduced to 1g/Nm3Then the mixture enters a carbon washing tower for further fine washing after being humidified by an adjustable high-efficiency Venturi scrubber, and finally the dust content in the synthesis gas is less than 0.5mg/Nm3；
(4) The high-pressure boiler feed water is introduced from the outside of a boundary area and then is divided into two paths, one path enters a steam pocket, the other path enters a convection waste boiler and a connecting pipe, wherein the flow entering the convection waste boiler is taken as the main flow; the water supply flow of the high-pressure boiler entering the steam pocket is controlled by the temperature and the pressure of the steam pocket, the water supply temperature of the high-pressure boiler after heat exchange with the high-temperature synthesis gas in the convection waste boiler is raised to be more than 280 ℃, and then the water enters the steam pocket; the high-pressure boiler feed water entering the steam drum enters the radiation waste boiler in a natural circulation mode, the temperature is raised to be above 310 ℃ after heat exchange in the radiation waste boiler, the high-pressure boiler feed water is circulated back to the steam drum, high-pressure saturated steam is sent into a pipe network after steam-liquid separation is carried out in the steam drum, and liquid enters the boiler feed water natural circulation of the next period.
2. The energy-saving and energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the product of the radiant syngas cooler after recovering high-temperature sensible heat is saturated steam.
3. An energy-saving water-gas/steam co-production gasification method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the saturated steam is high-pressure steam.
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| DE102009055976A1 (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-01 | Choren Industries Gmbh | Apparatus and method for generating a synthesis gas from biomass by entrainment gasification |
| CN101781586B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2013-06-26 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | A high-temperature synthesis gas sensible heat recovery device |
| CN202898362U (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-04-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Partially chilled dry pulverized coal or coal water slurry gasification system |
| CN104263415A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-07 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Dry pulverized coal gasification device |
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