CN107622931B - A kind of electron gun and gyrotron - Google Patents
A kind of electron gun and gyrotron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种电子枪，包括隔热筒、压紧环、隔热片、热子、阴极和聚焦极；电子枪的阴极为环形凸起结构，聚焦极为一体式结构，阴极嵌套在聚焦极上，保证了阴极和聚焦极的同心度，聚焦极和阴极通过激光焊接，使得阴极和聚焦极之间的连接更加牢固、可靠。
The invention provides an electron gun, comprising a heat insulating cylinder, a pressing ring, a heat insulating sheet, a heater, a cathode and a focusing electrode; the cathode of the electron gun is a ring-shaped convex structure, the focusing electrode is an integrated structure, and the cathode is nested in the focusing electrode The concentricity between the cathode and the focusing electrode is ensured, and the focusing electrode and the cathode are welded by laser, so that the connection between the cathode and the focusing electrode is more firm and reliable.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及微波真空器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种电子枪和回旋管。The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum devices, in particular to an electron gun and a gyrotron.
背景技术Background technique
基于电子回旋脉塞原理发展的回旋管在毫米波及太赫兹波段能够产生高功率电磁波辐射，可广泛应用在等离子体加热、先进雷达、粒子加速、材料处理、太空碎片探测等方面。电子枪是回旋管的核心部件，提供用于能量交换的电子注，一种性能优良的电子枪组件，不仅要满足整管的电流发射需要，而且整个组件要装配简单可靠，热子消耗功率低，阴极寿命足够长。The cyclotron developed based on the principle of electron cyclotron pulsation can generate high-power electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter wave and terahertz bands, and can be widely used in plasma heating, advanced radar, particle acceleration, material processing, space debris detection, etc. The electron gun is the core component of the gyrotron, providing electron injection for energy exchange. An electron gun assembly with excellent performance not only needs to meet the current emission needs of the whole tube, but also the assembly of the entire assembly should be simple and reliable, with low thermal power consumption and cathode. life is long enough.
电子枪组件主要包括阴极、用于将阴极加热到工作温度的热子、用于固定阴极热子组件的支撑结构等。对于传统的电子枪，随着工作频率的提高，回旋管用的阴极尺寸变小，使得其结构复杂，安装困难，本领域亟需一种装配简单可靠，加热效率高的电子枪。The electron gun assembly mainly includes a cathode, a heater for heating the cathode to a working temperature, a support structure for fixing the cathode heater assembly, and the like. For traditional electron guns, with the increase of operating frequency, the cathode size of the gyrotron becomes smaller, which makes its structure complex and difficult to install. There is an urgent need in the art for an electron gun with simple and reliable assembly and high heating efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种电子枪和回旋管。In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an electron gun and a gyrotron.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solutions
本发明提供了一种电子枪，包括：隔热筒60、压紧环20、隔热片30、热子40、阴极50和聚焦极10；其中，所述阴极50设置在所述聚焦极的一端，所述聚焦极的另一端与所述隔热筒的一端固定连接，在所述隔热筒内部的聚焦极10上依次设置所述热子40、隔热片30和压紧环20，所述压紧环20与聚焦极10固定连接并通过所述隔热片30压紧所述热子40。The present invention provides an electron gun, comprising: a heat insulating cylinder 60, a pressing ring 20, a heat insulating sheet 30, a heater 40, a cathode 50 and a focusing electrode 10; wherein, the cathode 50 is arranged at one end of the focusing electrode , the other end of the focusing electrode is fixedly connected to one end of the heat insulating cylinder, and the heater 40, the heat insulating sheet 30 and the pressing ring 20 are sequentially arranged on the focusing electrode 10 inside the heat insulating cylinder. The pressing ring 20 is fixedly connected with the focusing electrode 10 and presses the heating element 40 through the heat insulating sheet 30 .
优选地，所述聚焦极的一端为筒形结构，另一端为圆锥形凸起结构，所述聚焦极的圆锥形凸起结构端开有同轴的环形凹槽11，所述阴极50为环形凸起结构，其形状和尺寸与所述环形凹槽的形状和尺寸匹配，所述阴极50设置在所述环形凹槽11中并嵌套在所述聚焦极10上。Preferably, one end of the focusing electrode is a cylindrical structure, the other end is a conical convex structure, the conical convex structure end of the focusing electrode has a coaxial annular groove 11, and the cathode 50 is annular The convex structure, whose shape and size match the shape and size of the annular groove, the cathode 50 is arranged in the annular groove 11 and is nested on the focusing electrode 10 .
优选地，所述压紧环和聚焦极的筒形结构端通过激光焊接固定连接，构成屏蔽室。Preferably, the pressing ring and the cylindrical structural end of the focusing electrode are fixedly connected by laser welding to form a shielding room.
优选地，所述隔热片30沿圆周方向均匀开有四个通孔31，其中对称的两个通孔31用于引出热子的引线41，另外两个通孔31为预留通孔。Preferably, the heat insulating sheet 30 has four through holes 31 uniformly formed in the circumferential direction, wherein two symmetrical through holes 31 are used to lead out the lead wires 41 of the heater, and the other two through holes 31 are reserved through holes.
优选地，所述隔热筒和聚焦极的简形结构端通过激光焊接固定连接。Preferably, the simple structure end of the heat insulating cylinder and the focusing electrode is fixedly connected by laser welding.
优选地，所述隔热筒60沿轴向开有至少一层隔热槽，每层隔热槽沿圆周均匀分布有至两个隔热槽，相邻两层隔热槽之间错位对称设置。Preferably, the heat insulating cylinder 60 is provided with at least one layer of heat insulating grooves along the axial direction, each layer of heat insulating grooves is evenly distributed with two heat insulating grooves along the circumference, and the two adjacent layers of heat insulating grooves are arranged symmetrically in dislocation .
优选地，所述聚焦极的圆锥形凸起结构端的中心开有一聚焦极孔12。Preferably, a focusing pole hole 12 is opened in the center of the conical convex structure end of the focusing pole.
优选地，所述阴极50为钡钨材料；所述热子40由铼钨丝绕制而成。Preferably, the cathode 50 is made of barium tungsten material; the heater 40 is made of rhenium tungsten wire wound.
优选地，所述阴极50和聚焦极10通过高温焊接固定连接；所述热子经表面涂覆氧化铝粉，并在真空炉高温处理而制成。Preferably, the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are fixedly connected by high-temperature welding; the heater is made by coating alumina powder on the surface and processing it at a high temperature in a vacuum furnace.
本发明还提供了一种回旋管，包括上述任一种所述的电子枪。The present invention also provides a gyrotron, including any one of the electron guns described above.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明的电子枪和回旋管具有以下有益效果：As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the electron gun and the gyrotron of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1)与传统的球面形阴极不同，本发明电子枪的阴极为环形凸起结构，聚焦极为一体式结构，阴极嵌套在聚焦极上，保证了阴极和聚焦极的同心度；(1) different from the traditional spherical cathode, the cathode of the electron gun of the present invention is a ring-shaped convex structure, the focusing pole is an integrated structure, and the cathode is nested on the focusing pole, ensuring the concentricity of the cathode and the focusing pole;
(2)聚焦极和阴极通过激光焊接，使得阴极和聚焦极之间的连接更加牢固、可靠；(2) The focusing electrode and the cathode are welded by laser, so that the connection between the cathode and the focusing electrode is more firm and reliable;
(3)压紧环和聚焦极通过激光焊接固定连接在一起，使得压紧环和聚焦极之间的连接更加牢固、可靠；(3) The pressing ring and the focusing electrode are fixedly connected together by laser welding, so that the connection between the pressing ring and the focusing electrode is more firm and reliable;
(4)压紧环通过隔热片压紧热子，整个结构紧凑，安装工艺简单；(4) The pressing ring presses the heater through the heat insulation sheet, the whole structure is compact, and the installation process is simple;
(5)压紧环和聚焦极构成屏蔽室，减少了热辐射和传导，热屏蔽效应得以提高，减少了热子功率损耗，提升了阴极保温性能，提高了热子的加热效率；(5) The compression ring and the focusing electrode form a shielding room, which reduces heat radiation and conduction, improves the heat shielding effect, reduces the power loss of the heater, improves the thermal insulation performance of the cathode, and improves the heating efficiency of the heater;
(6)隔热筒和聚焦极通过激光焊接连接在一起，隔热筒和聚焦极的连接更加牢固；(6) The heat insulation cylinder and the focusing electrode are connected together by laser welding, and the connection between the heat insulation cylinder and the focusing electrode is more firm;
(7)隔热筒开有隔热槽，减少了传导热量，降低了热子功耗，提高了热子的加热效率；(7) The heat insulation cylinder is provided with a heat insulation groove, which reduces the conduction heat, reduces the power consumption of the heater, and improves the heating efficiency of the heater;
(8)聚焦极还开有聚焦极孔，有利于进一步保证阴极的工作温度，提高加热效率，增强电子枪的性能。(8) The focusing pole is also provided with a focusing pole hole, which is beneficial to further ensure the working temperature of the cathode, improve the heating efficiency, and enhance the performance of the electron gun.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例的电子枪的沿轴向剖面图；1 is an axial cross-sectional view of an electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例的聚焦极的沿轴向剖面图；2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a focusing electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例的压紧环的沿轴向剖面图；3 is an axial cross-sectional view of a compression ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例的隔热片的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例的隔热筒的沿轴向剖面图；FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of a heat insulating cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例的阴极热子加热曲线图。FIG. 6 is a heating curve diagram of cathode thermotrons according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【符号说明】【Symbol Description】
10-聚焦极；11-环形凹槽；12-聚焦极孔；10-focusing pole; 11-ring groove; 12-focusing pole hole;
20-压紧环；20- compression ring;
30-隔热片；31-通孔；30-insulation sheet; 31-through hole;
40-热子；41-引线；40-hot sub; 41-lead;
50-阴极；50 - cathode;
60-隔热筒；61-隔热槽。60-insulation cylinder; 61-insulation tank.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明实施例的电子枪，其适用于回旋管，其包括隔热筒60、压紧环20、隔热片30、热子40、阴极50和聚焦极10；其中，As shown in FIG. 1 , the electron gun according to the embodiment of the present invention, which is suitable for a gyrotron, includes a heat insulating cylinder 60, a pressing ring 20, a heat insulating sheet 30, a heater 40, a cathode 50 and a focusing electrode 10; wherein,
阴极50设置在聚焦极的一端，聚焦极的另一端与隔热筒的一端固定连接，在隔热筒内部的聚焦极10上依次设置热子40、隔热片30和压紧环20，压紧环20与聚焦极10固定连接并通过隔热片30压紧热子40。The cathode 50 is arranged at one end of the focusing electrode, and the other end of the focusing electrode is fixedly connected with one end of the heat insulating cylinder. The tightening ring 20 is fixedly connected with the focusing electrode 10 and presses the heater 40 through the heat shield 30 .
在本实施例中，如图1和2所示，聚焦极一端为筒形结构，另一端为圆锥形凸起结构，聚焦极的圆锥形凸起结构端开有同轴的环形凹槽11，阴极50为环形凸起结构，其形状和尺寸与环形凹槽的形状和尺寸匹配，环形凸起结构的阴极50设置在环形凹槽11中，使得阴极50嵌套在聚焦极10上，阴极和聚焦极的同心度在0.05mm之内，其中，阴极50和聚焦极10通过高温焊接固定连接，优选地，阴极50为钡钨材料，阴极50和聚焦极10通过钼钌高温焊料在2000度的氢炉中焊接在一起。In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, one end of the focusing electrode is a cylindrical structure, the other end is a conical convex structure, and the conical convex structure end of the focusing electrode is provided with a coaxial annular groove 11, The cathode 50 is an annular convex structure, and its shape and size match the shape and size of the annular groove. The cathode 50 of the annular convex structure is arranged in the annular groove 11, so that the cathode 50 is nested on the focusing electrode 10, and the cathode and the The concentricity of the focusing electrode is within 0.05mm, wherein the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are fixedly connected by high temperature welding, preferably, the cathode 50 is made of barium tungsten material, and the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are made of molybdenum ruthenium high temperature solder at a temperature of 2000 degrees. welded together in a hydrogen furnace.
本实施例的电子枪，与传统的球面形阴极产生实心电子注不同，其阴极为环形凸起结构，聚焦极为一体式结构，阴极嵌套在聚焦极上，保证了阴极和聚焦极的同心度；聚焦极和阴极通过激光焊接，使得阴极和聚焦极之间的连接更加牢固、可靠。The electron gun of this embodiment is different from the traditional spherical cathode to generate a solid electron beam. The cathode is an annular convex structure, the focusing electrode is an integral structure, and the cathode is nested on the focusing electrode to ensure the concentricity of the cathode and the focusing electrode; The focusing electrode and the cathode are welded by laser, which makes the connection between the cathode and the focusing electrode more firm and reliable.
在本实施例中，如图1、3和4所示，压紧环20为不锈钢材料，压紧环和聚焦极的筒形结构端通过激光焊接固定连接在一起，二者构成一个屏蔽室，并使得压紧环20和聚焦极10之间的连接更加牢固、可靠。In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, the pressing ring 20 is made of stainless steel, and the cylindrical structural ends of the pressing ring and the focusing electrode are fixedly connected together by laser welding, and the two constitute a shielding room, And make the connection between the pressing ring 20 and the focusing electrode 10 more firm and reliable.
隔热片30为难熔金属钼，厚度为1mm，隔热片30沿圆周方向均匀开有4个通孔31，其中对称的两个通孔31用于引出热子的引线41，另外两个通孔31为预留通孔，便于电子枪的装配操作；其中，隔热片的数量可以为4-5片。The heat insulation sheet 30 is made of refractory metal molybdenum, with a thickness of 1 mm. The heat insulation sheet 30 has four through holes 31 evenly opened along the circumferential direction, wherein the symmetrical two through holes 31 are used to lead out the lead wires 41 of the heater, and the other two The hole 31 is a reserved through hole, which is convenient for the assembly operation of the electron gun; wherein, the number of heat insulation sheets can be 4-5 pieces.
热子40由铼钨丝绕制而成，铼钨丝直径为0.4mm，优选地，热子表面涂覆有氧化铝粉，将热子进行真空炉高温处理，涂覆在热子表面的氧化铝粉熔化，使得热子不容易短路，提高热子的可靠性。The heater 40 is made of rhenium tungsten wire, the diameter of which is 0.4mm. Preferably, the surface of the heater is coated with alumina powder, and the heater is subjected to high temperature treatment in a vacuum furnace to coat the surface of the heater. The melting of the aluminum powder makes the heater not easy to short-circuit and improves the reliability of the heater.
本实施例的电子枪，压紧环20通过隔热片30压紧热子40，整个结构紧凑，安装工艺简单；压紧环20和聚焦极10一起构成一个屏蔽室，减少了热辐射和传导，热屏蔽效应得以提高，减少了热子功率损耗，提升了阴极保温性能，提高了热子的加热效率。In the electron gun of this embodiment, the pressing ring 20 presses the heater 40 through the heat insulating sheet 30, the whole structure is compact, and the installation process is simple; the pressing ring 20 and the focusing electrode 10 together form a shielding room, which reduces heat radiation and conduction, The heat shielding effect is improved, the power loss of the heater is reduced, the thermal insulation performance of the cathode is improved, and the heating efficiency of the heater is improved.
在本实施例中，如图1和5所示，隔热筒和聚焦极的筒形结构端通过激光焊接连接在一起，以使隔热筒和聚焦极的连接更加牢固，优选地，隔热筒60为不锈钢材料，聚焦极10和隔热筒60在焊接时可以加入铂金丝，以进一步增强焊接强度，隔热筒厚度优选为0.35mm。其中，隔热筒60沿轴向开有3层隔热槽61，每层隔热槽61沿圆周均匀分布有3个隔热槽61，隔热槽61贯穿隔热筒的筒壁，相邻两层隔热槽之间的距离相等，相邻两层隔热槽之间错位对称设置，隔热槽的宽度优选为0.2mm。In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 , the cylindrical structural ends of the heat insulating cylinder and the focusing electrode are connected together by laser welding, so as to make the connection between the heat insulating cylinder and the focusing electrode more firm. The barrel 60 is made of stainless steel, and platinum wire may be added to the focusing electrode 10 and the heat insulating barrel 60 during welding to further enhance the welding strength, and the thickness of the heat insulating barrel is preferably 0.35 mm. Among them, the heat insulation cylinder 60 is provided with three layers of heat insulation grooves 61 along the axial direction, and each layer of heat insulation grooves 61 is evenly distributed with three heat insulation grooves 61 along the circumference. The distance between the two layers of heat insulating grooves is equal, and the two adjacent layers of heat insulating grooves are dislocated and symmetrically arranged, and the width of the heat insulating grooves is preferably 0.2 mm.
以上示例仅是为了举例说明隔热槽的结构，但本发明并不以此为限，在其他实施例中，隔热筒60沿轴向可以开有至少两层隔热槽，每层隔热槽可以沿圆周均匀分布有至少两个隔热槽，相邻两层隔热槽之间的距离也可以不相等。The above examples are only for illustrating the structure of the heat insulation groove, but the present invention is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the heat insulation cylinder 60 may be provided with at least two layers of heat insulation grooves along the axial direction, each layer of heat insulation The grooves may have at least two heat insulating grooves evenly distributed along the circumference, and the distances between two adjacent layers of heat insulating grooves may also be unequal.
本实施例的电子枪，隔热筒表面开有隔热槽，减少了传导热量，降低了热子功耗，从而提高了热子组件的加热效率。In the electron gun of this embodiment, a heat insulating groove is formed on the surface of the heat insulating cylinder, which reduces the conduction heat and reduces the power consumption of the heat sub-assembly, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the heat sub-assembly.
本实施例的电子枪，通过引线41给热子40通电使热子40发热，热子40通过热传导效应加热阴极50，阴极50产生电子柱，实现电子枪功能，保证了阴极的工作温度，提高了加热效率和启动时间。图6给出了本发明电子枪的阴极热子加热曲线，在热子加热功率为48W时，阴极温度达到为1050度，满足回旋管的阴极发射电流要求。In the electron gun of this embodiment, the heater 40 is energized through the lead wire 41 to make the heater 40 generate heat, the heater 40 heats the cathode 50 through the heat conduction effect, and the cathode 50 generates electron columns to realize the function of the electron gun, ensure the working temperature of the cathode, and improve the heating Efficiency and startup time. Fig. 6 shows the cathode heater heating curve of the electron gun of the present invention. When the heater heating power is 48W, the cathode temperature reaches 1050 degrees, which meets the cathode emission current requirement of the gyrotron.
其中，如图1和2所示，聚焦极的圆锥形凸起结构端的中心还开有一聚焦极孔12，有利于进一步保证阴极的工作温度，提高加热效率，增强电子枪的性能。Among them, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, there is a focusing pole hole 12 in the center of the conical convex structure end of the focusing pole, which is beneficial to further ensure the working temperature of the cathode, improve the heating efficiency, and enhance the performance of the electron gun.
本发明另一实施例还提出了一种回旋管，其包括上述实施例的电子枪。Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a gyrotron, which includes the electron gun of the above embodiment.
至此，已经结合附图对本实施例进行了详细描述。依据以上描述，本领域技术人员应当对本发明的电子枪和回旋管有了清楚的认识。So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the electron gun and gyrotron of the present invention.
需要说明的是，在附图或说明书正文中，未绘示或描述的实现方式，均为所属技术领域中普通技术人员所知的形式，并未进行详细说明。此外，上述对各元件的定义并不仅限于实施例中提到的各种具体结构、形状或方式，本领域普通技术人员可对其进行简单地更改或替换，例如：It should be noted that, in the accompanying drawings or the text of the description, the implementations that are not shown or described are in the form known to those of ordinary skill in the technical field, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of each element are not limited to various specific structures, shapes or manners mentioned in the embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can simply modify or replace them, for example:
(1)电子枪的各部件还可以选用其他结构；(1) The components of the electron gun can also choose other structures;
(2)实施例中提到的方向用语，例如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等，仅是参考附图的方向，并非用来限制本发明的保护范围；(2) The directional terms mentioned in the embodiment, such as "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are only for referring to the directions of the drawings, not for limiting The protection scope of the present invention;
(3)上述实施例可基于设计及可靠度的考虑，彼此混合搭配使用或与其他实施例混合搭配使用，即不同实施例中的技术特征可以自由组合形成更多的实施例。(3) The above embodiments can be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, that is, the technical features in different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| US4873468A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-10-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Multiple sheet beam gridded electron gun |
| JP2590750B2 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Impregnated cathode structure |
| CN102087946A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Structure for improving heating efficiency of cathode heater assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN204596744U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Grid-control TWT cathode construction |
| CN205016489U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Cathode heater assembly |
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| US4873468A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-10-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Multiple sheet beam gridded electron gun |
| JP2590750B2 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Impregnated cathode structure |
| CN102087946A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Structure for improving heating efficiency of cathode heater assembly and preparation method thereof |
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