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CN107618356A - 一种电动汽车轮边电机 - Google Patents

一种电动汽车轮边电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107618356A
CN107618356A CN201710990027.3A CN201710990027A CN107618356A CN 107618356 A CN107618356 A CN 107618356A CN 201710990027 A CN201710990027 A CN 201710990027A CN 107618356 A CN107618356 A CN 107618356A
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brake disc
stator core
fan
shaped
permanent magnet
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CN107618356B (zh
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史立伟
侯振煜
韩震
马清芝
张学义
李法成
姚震
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Shandong University of Technology
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/100473 priority patent/WO2019080611A1/zh
Priority to US16/615,674 priority patent/US11299031B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0015—Hubs for driven wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0047—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements
    • B60B27/0052—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements the element being a brake disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/14—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K17/145—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
    • B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/665—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems
    • B60T13/667—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems and combined with electro-magnetic brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/748—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on electro-magnetic brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/38—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary
    • H02K21/44—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with rotating flux distributors, and armatures and magnets both stationary with armature windings wound upon the magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/085—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at only one end of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动汽车轮边电机，属于电动汽车技术领域，由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；固定在轴上的制动盘圆周上均布有8个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间有导磁材料制成的导磁肋；定子铁心由9个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度，子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有集中式的电枢绕组；每个子定子铁心的内侧朝向制动盘的一面固定有永磁铁，制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置。本技术有效实现了电机和制动盘的集成，节省了空间和成本，在微型电动车和玩具车上具有较高应用价值。

Description

一种电动汽车轮边电机
技术领域
一种电动汽车轮边电机，属于电动汽车技术领域。
背景技术
为了汽车工业的可持续发展，开发和推广“零排放”的电动汽车的已成为各国研发的焦点。轮边驱动系统作为电动汽车所特有的驱动形式，具有传动效率高、结构简单等优点，是汽车驱动系统发展的新趋势。因此研制一种低成本、结构简单的电动汽车轮边电机非常有必要。
目前已有的报道，普利斯通公司、三菱汽车公司、丰田汽车公司和本田汽车公司已轮边驱动电动车为研发目标，至今已试制了六种不同形式的样车。通用公司开发的雪弗兰s-104缸混合动力皮卡，在两个后车轮内分别安装两个轮毂电机，产生的扭矩相当于一般V6发动机的扭矩。因此传动效率高的轮边电机，具有较广阔的应用前景。
在已有技术中电动汽车轮边电机的基本结构可借鉴以下发明专利想到。授权发明的专利：201510713767.3，发明了一种轮边电机驱动装置。装置包括：支撑机构；轮胎机构与支撑机构连接；定子机构设置在所述轮胎机构的边缘，定子机构与支撑机构连接；转子机构设置在定子机构内，转子机构与支撑机构连接，转子机构为中空结构；制动器设置在转子机构的中空结构内；传动机构与转子机构连接，传动机构与轮胎机构连接；悬架机构与支撑机构连接。该系统需要在车轮边安装固定速比的齿轮减速装置来降低车速，虽然可以实现同轴减速，但难以实现润滑减速结构齿轮磨损较快且不易散热，同时非簧载质量过大不适用于微型电动车。申请号为201010205980.0的发明专利，公开了一种电传动重型汽车轮边电机制动装置，一个制动器就可实现行车制动、应急制动和驻车制动功能，但该装置仍需与外转子电机整合且该专利已失效。
在已经授权的发明专利：一种轮边电机驱动系统、及一种轮边电机驱动桥，专利号：201520365695.3，该发明使驱动桥，代替了发动机、离合器、变速箱、传动轴、差速器等部件，简化了整体机构，提高了传动效率。但该发明中的电机未做改动，安装后电机仍在车轮外部也会导致汽车非簧载质量增加且安装空间较大，降低了驾驶舒适度。
本发明公开的电动汽车轮边电机，在电机本体结构上与上述申请皆存在较大不同。不仅集成电机与车轮，而且让制动盘作为内转子，不需要在车轮边安装固定速比的齿轮减速装置来降低车速，可进一步降低非簧载质量和降低生产成本。
发明内容
为了实现车轮与驱动电机的高度集合，将制动盘作为电机内转子来减轻非簧载质量和节省空间，本发明提出了一种电动汽车轮边电机，具体的是：
一种电动汽车轮边电机，由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；其特征在于：
轮毂固定在轴的末端，轮毂内侧为固定在轴上的制动盘，制动盘圆周上均布有8个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间有导磁材料制成的导磁肋；车架通过轴承与轴连接；
所述定子铁心由9个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；
所述每个子定子铁心的内侧朝向制动盘的一面固定有永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；永磁体的端面呈扇形；永磁铁的扇形端面和制动盘的扇形通孔在径向上对齐；
所述每个子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，电枢绕组位于电枢极和永磁铁之间，同一组内的两个电枢线圈的绕制方向相反；相邻组之间的电枢线圈的绕制方向相反；
所述制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置，制动钳内侧的摩擦片位于制动盘的两侧。
如上所述的一种电动汽车轮边电机，其制动盘扇形通孔的扇形外径比电枢极端面扇形的外径大，制动盘扇形通孔的扇形内径比电枢极端面扇形的内径小。
一种电动汽车轮边电机，其特征在于：
由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；
固定在轴上的制动盘位于轮毂内侧且圆周上均布有9个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间的连接处由导磁材料制成；
轴利用轴承安装在车架上且可以带动轮毂转动；
定子铁心由8个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；
每个子定子铁心中间轭部嵌有一个永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；
每个子定子铁心有一对向内侧伸出的电枢极，电枢极面向制动盘的一面呈扇形；
每对子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，所有的电枢线圈的绕制方向相同；
制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置，制动钳内侧的摩擦片位于制动盘的两侧，制动盘兼做电机的转子和制动的圆盘。
本发明的有益效果如下：
（1）不需使用齿轮减速装置或电机制动装置来降低车速，降低了非簧载质量，且易于制动散热。
（2）由于制动盘与导磁肋相集成作为电机内转子，实现了车轮与电机高度集合，可节省更多空间。
（3）励磁绕组（永磁体）和电枢绕组易于散热，能适合高温运行环境。
（4）各相绕组完全隔离，励磁绕组（永磁体）和电枢绕组隔离，短路电流不会引起故障的传播，提高了可靠性。
（5）转子铁心只有一个带通孔的转盘，质量轻，转动惯量小，响应迅速。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一结构简图。图中，1、轴；2、轮毂；3、定子铁心；4、电枢绕组；5、永磁体；6、制动盘；7、轴承；8、制动钳；9、车架；
图2是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一侧视图。图中，1、轴；3、定子铁心；4、电枢绕组； 6、制动盘；8、制动钳；
图3是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一制动盘侧视图。图中，1轴；6、制动盘；
图4是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一永磁体图。图中，1轴；3、定子铁心；5、永磁体；6、制动盘；8、制动钳。
图5是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例二结构图。1、轴；2、轮毂；3、定子铁心；4、电枢绕组；5、永磁体；6、制动盘；7、轴承；8、制动钳；9、车架。
图6是本发明一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例二永磁体图。其中3、定子铁心；5、永磁体。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一结构图。由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；轮毂固定在轴的末端，轮毂内侧为固定在轴上的制动盘，车架通过轴承与轴连接；
如图2所示一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一侧视图，由定子铁心、电枢绕组、制动盘、制动钳组成，铁心由9个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；
每个子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，电枢绕组位于电枢极和永磁铁之间，同一组内的两个电枢线圈的绕制方向相反；相邻组之间的电枢线圈的绕制方向相反；
制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置，制动钳内侧的摩擦片位于制动盘的两侧。
如图3所示一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例一制动盘侧视图，由轴、制动盘组成，制动盘圆周上均布有8个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间有导磁材料制成的导磁肋。制动盘扇形通孔的扇形外径比电枢极端面扇形的外径大，制动盘扇形通孔的扇形内径比电枢极端面扇形的内径小；
如图4所示一种电动汽车轮边电机制动盘实施例一永磁体侧视图。所示的每个子定子铁心的内侧朝向制动盘的一面固定有永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；永磁体的端面呈扇形；永磁铁的扇形端面和制动盘的扇形通孔在径向上对齐。
如图5所示的一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例二结构图。由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；固定在轴上的制动盘位于轮毂内侧且圆周上均布有9个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间的连接处由导磁材料制成；轴利用轴承安装在车架上且可以带动轮毂转动；定子铁心由8个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；每个子定子铁心中间轭部嵌有一个永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；每个子定子铁心有一对向内侧伸出的电枢极，电枢极面向制动盘的一面呈扇形；每对子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，所有的电枢线圈的绕制方向相同。
图6是所示的一种电动汽车轮边电机实施例二永磁体图。定子铁心由8个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度。每个子定子铁心中间轭部嵌有一个永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同。
其工作原理为：由于本发明的导磁的制动盘和电枢极是对齐的，因此当锯片能导磁的部分与电枢极对齐时，该电枢极匝链的磁阻最小、该相电枢绕组磁链最大；当制动盘的扇形通孔对齐电枢极时，该电枢极匝链的磁阻最大、电枢绕组磁链最小。
当制动盘能导磁的部分逐渐靠近电枢极时，该相电枢绕组的自感在增加；当制动盘能导磁的部分脱离电枢极时，该相电枢绕组的自感也在减小。由于锯片扇形通孔个数和电枢极个数的巧妙组合，每个子定子铁心上的电枢绕组都有其独特的相位。
由于本申请电机电枢绕组的自感、电枢绕组匝链的磁链也在不断变化，因此如果给励磁绕组通电提供励磁磁场并移动转子铁心，则电枢绕组会产生感应电动势。这就是本申请电机作为回收制动能量的原理。
本申请电机作为电动机运行时，给产生正的感应电动势的一相绕组通以正向电流，则该绕组可以产生正的转矩；给产生负的感应电动势的一相绕组通以正向电流，则该绕组可以产生负的转矩。依据相位不同通以三相电流，可以驱动转子旋转。

Claims (3)

1.一种电动汽车轮边电机，其特征在于：
由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；
固定在轴上的制动盘位于轮毂内侧且圆周上均布有8个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间的连接处由导磁材料制成；
轴利用轴承安装在车架上且可以带动轮毂转动；
定子铁心由9个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；
每个子定子铁心的内侧朝向制动盘的一面固定有永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；永磁体的端面呈扇形；
永磁铁的扇形端面和制动盘的扇形通孔在径向上对齐；
每个子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，所有的电枢线圈的绕制方向相同；
制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置，制动钳内侧的摩擦片位于制动盘的两侧，制动盘兼做电机的转子和制动的圆盘。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种电动汽车轮边电机，其特征在于：
制动盘扇形通孔的扇形外径比电枢极端面扇形的外径大，制动盘扇形通孔的扇形内径比电枢极端面扇形的内径小。
3.一种电动汽车轮边电机，其特征在于：
由轴、轮毂、定子铁心、电枢绕组、永磁体、制动盘、制动钳和轴承组成；
固定在轴上的制动盘位于轮毂内侧且圆周上均布有9个扇形通孔，两个通孔之间的连接处由导磁材料制成；
轴利用轴承安装在车架上且可以带动轮毂转动；
定子铁心由8个匚字形子定子铁心组成，每个子定子铁心围在制动盘两侧并且固定在车架上，相邻子定子铁心沿圆周方向相差30度；
每个子定子铁心中间轭部嵌有一个永磁体，每个永磁体的充磁方向相同；
每个子定子铁心有一对向内侧伸出的电枢极，电枢极面向制动盘的一面呈扇形；
每对子定子铁心中间的轭部绕有一个集中式的电枢绕组，所有的电枢线圈的绕制方向相同；
制动钳固定在车架上且在圆周方向上位于没有定子铁心的位置，制动钳内侧的摩擦片位于制动盘的两侧，制动盘兼做电机的转子和制动的圆盘。
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