CN107609257B - Gravity flow slumping body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation - Google Patents
Gravity flow slumping body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gravity flow slumped body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation, which is characterized in that the gradient of a sand-mud layer when slumping begins, the speed and the viscosity of sand when the slumping begins to occur are calculated through a Navier-Stocks equation and a momentum theorem, the slumped body only has gravitational potential energy at the moment, the original gravitational potential energy is reduced in the slumping process, so that kinetic energy and internal energy are converted, and the slumped rock is transported and deposited underwater through a k-epsilon model to finally form the slumped body. The gravitational potential energy of the sediment is gradually reduced until the gravitational potential energy is 0, the underwater flowing speed is reduced, namely, the kinetic energy is reduced, buoyancy exists, and the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy are finally converted into internal energy. The invention has adjustable simulation space, low cost, short time consumption and small artificial interference factor in the simulation process, and can be used for simulating and analyzing different deposition environments to establish a mathematical model based on quantitative parameters, so that the mathematical model is more in line with the actual geological process and meets the requirements of geologists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploration, in particular to a gravity flow slump body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation.
Background
Gravity flow is a high density fluid dispersed with a large amount of sediment that flows under the action of gravity, and is a non-newtonian fluid that does not obey the law of internal friction. The discovery of the slumping deformation not only has the sedimentology significance, but also provides an important sedimentology basis for recovering the earth structure background of each research area, and is a new field of hidden oil and gas reservoir exploration.
At present, the gravity flow slumping body deposition mechanism is mainly researched by adopting a water tank experiment, namely slurry is directly poured into a water tank with a slope to simulate the deposition process. However, the greatest disadvantage of the above simulation experiment is that a mathematical model based on quantitative parameters cannot be established, and the prior art has high cost, limited size of experimental instruments and high artificial factor on the experimental process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gravity flow slumping body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation, so as to overcome the defects that the operation is complex, the size of experimental equipment is limited, and different deposition deformations can be observed in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the gravity flow slumped body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) establishing an initial base shape:
a. collecting rock samples and rock core data aiming at a research area, and analyzing the granularity of the rock samples to obtain the density and thickness data of sedimentary component sandstone;
b. determining the landform bottom shape, the change of the gradient and the change data of the terrain height of a research area according to the data of the density and the thickness of the sedimentary environment and sedimentary component sand mudstone, and the sedimentary dynamic control factors of flow, flow velocity, kinetic energy and viscosity related to the tectonic geological features, and obtaining an initial bottom shape on the basis;
2) starting from the deposition dynamics characteristics of the deposition slumped body, carrying out sedimentology investigation and research, and determining the initial conditions of slumped formation;
3) determination of handling and deposition patterns:
a. land deposition: judging the flowing change condition of the slumped body according to the momentum change of the sediment in the flowing process on the slope, calculating the sediment mass, and obtaining the carrying and sedimentation mode of onshore particles;
b. underwater deposition: carrying out equation simulation on the carrying and deposition of the underwater sediments to obtain the carrying and deposition modes of underwater particles;
4) determining the elevation change of the bed bottom:
a. aiming at onshore deposition, calculating the volume of the deposit by using a sedimentary component sand mudstone density formula according to the sedimentary quality of the deposit;
b. for underwater deposition, calculating the amount of sediment by multiplying the sediment concentration by the corresponding rate of descent;
c. calculating the deposition thickness of the sediment according to the volume and the quantity of the sediment, and superposing the deposition thickness on the initial bottom shape to be used as the deposition bottom shape at the next moment;
5): and (5) repeating the steps 2) to 4) until the simulation is finished to realize the quantitative characterization of the research area.
Further, in the step 2), when the weight component of the gravity of the sediment on the slope is larger than the shear strength of the sediment, the slip begins to occur, the momentum is increased, and the shear strength tau of the sediment on the sliding surface is increasedfIs determined by the following formula:
τf＝c+(σ-u)tanθ
in the formula:
τf: shear strength (kN/m) of deposit on sliding surface2)；
c: cohesion (kN/m)2)；
σ: total stress (kN/m)2)；
u: pore water pressure (kN/m)2)；
θ: internal friction angle (°).
Further, in the step a) of the step 3), if the gravity component of the deposit material on the sliding surface is equal to or less than the friction force generated during the movement, the momentum inside the slide is weakened, the deposition and transport process is completed, and the slide starts to be deposited.
Further, in the step a) and the step b) of the step 3), if the gravity component of the deposit substance on the sliding surface is larger than the friction force generated during the movement, the momentum inside the slide body increases, the deposit continues to be carried and flows along the slope under the action of gravity until the energy is not changed any more, and the slide body stops flowing.
Further, in the sub-step a) of said step 3), the onshore deposition is appliedThe mass m of the deposit is calculated by the following operation formulaDeposition of：
Initial kinetic energy:
velocity formula:
vertical displacement in the carrying process:
the theorem of kinetic energy:
the theorem of momentum is as follows: (m)Deposition ofg-f)t＝0-m0v0
In the formula:
m0: total mass (kg) of the initial slumped body;
g: acceleration of gravity (N/kg);
h0: height (m) of the initial base shape;
t: total time of deposition(s);
v0: initial velocity (m/s) of the initial slumped body;
α is a gradient angle (°);
a is a friction factor;
h: vertical displacement (m) during transportation;
mdeposition of: deposit mass (kg);
f: internal friction (N) between sand and mud layers;
l: displacement (m) carried on the ramp during deposition.
Further, in the sub-step b) of the step 3), the carrying and deposition of the underwater sediments are simulated:
a. the turbidity current is simulated by adopting an incompressible fluid Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, and the mass and momentum conservation equation is as follows:
in the formula:
ui: coordinate axis xiReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
uj: coordinate axis xjReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
xi,xj: the i, j direction of the coordinate axis x;
t: a time(s);
ρ: liquid Density (kg/m)3)；
gi:Coordinate axis xiAcceleration of gravity in direction (m/s)2)；
μ: viscosity (m)2/s)；
μi: vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
b. The turbulence is simulated by adopting a k-epsilon model, and the equation is as follows:
vortex viscosity:
in the formula:
μi: vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
ρ: liquid Density (kg/m)3)；
k: turbulent kinetic energy;
epsilon: the rate of turbulent dissipation.
Further, in the sub-step a) of the step 4), the sedimentary component sandstone density formula is as follows:
ρ0＝m/V
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ρ0: sedimentary component sandstone-shale density (kg/m)3)；
m: deposit mass (kg);
v is the volume (m)3)。
Further, in the sub-step b) of the step 4), the deposit concentration is multiplied by the corresponding descending speed to calculate the deposit amount formula
ms＝c×vs
In the formula:
ms: the amount of deposits;
c: the concentration of the deposit;
vs: the deposition velocity (m/s) of the deposit under water.
Further, the calculation equation of the sediment concentration c is as follows:
in the formula:
c: the concentration of the deposit;
t: a time(s);
uj: coordinate axis xjReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
xi,xj: the i, j direction of the coordinate axis x;
vs: the descending speed (m/s) of the sediment in the water;
δ: a kronecker symbol;
υt: kinematic vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
And (C) Sc: a Schmidt number;
q: material exchange between the deposit and the boundary.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the scale and the deposition thickness of the sandstone reach certain time and the self gravity of the sandstone is larger than the gravity of the mudstone at the lower part, the collapse starts to occur, and the slope of the sand-mud layer at the beginning of the collapse, the speed and the viscosity of the sand at the beginning of the sliding are calculated through a Navier-Stocks equation and a momentum theorem. At the moment, the slumping body only has gravitational potential energy, and the original gravitational potential energy is reduced in the slumping process, so that the kinetic energy and the internal energy are converted. And carrying and depositing the landslide rock under water through the k-epsilon model to finally form a landslide body. The gravitational potential energy of the sediment is gradually reduced until the gravitational potential energy is 0, the underwater flowing speed is reduced, namely, the kinetic energy is reduced, buoyancy exists, and the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy are finally converted into internal energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention has adjustable simulation space, low cost, short time consumption and small artificial interference factor in the simulation process, and can be used for simulating and analyzing different deposition environments to establish a mathematical model based on quantitative parameters, so that the mathematical model is more in line with the actual geological process and meets the requirements of geologists.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overland deposition pattern;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an underwater deposition configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the gravity flow slumped body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) establishing an initial base shape:
a. collecting rock samples and rock core data aiming at a research area, and analyzing the granularity of the rock samples to obtain the density and thickness data of sedimentary component sandstone;
b. determining the landform bottom shape, the change of the gradient and the change data of the terrain height of a research area according to the data of the density and the thickness of the sedimentary environment and sedimentary component sand mudstone, and the sedimentary dynamic control factors of flow, flow velocity, kinetic energy and viscosity related to the tectonic geological features, and obtaining an initial bottom shape on the basis;
2) starting from the deposition dynamics characteristics of the deposition slumped body, carrying out sedimentology investigation and research, and determining the initial conditions of slumped formation;
when the gravity of the sediment is inWhen the component on the slope is greater than the shear strength of the deposit, slumping begins, in which the momentum increases and the shear strength τ of the deposit on the sliding surface increasesfIs determined by the following formula:
τf＝c+(σ-u)tanθ
in the formula:
τf: shear strength (kN/m) of deposit on sliding surface2)；
c: cohesion (kN/m)2)；
σ: total stress (kN/m)2)；
u: pore water pressure (kN/m)2)；
θ: internal friction angle (°).
3) Determination of handling and deposition patterns:
a. land deposition: judging the flowing change condition of the slumped body according to the momentum change of the sediment in the flowing process on the slope, calculating the sediment mass, and obtaining the carrying and sedimentation mode of onshore particles;
if the gravity component of the deposit material on the sliding surface is less than or equal to the friction force generated in the movement, the momentum in the slide body is weakened, the deposition and transportation process is finished, and the slide body starts to be deposited. If the gravity component of the deposited substance on the sliding surface is larger than the friction force generated in the movement, the momentum in the slide collapse body is increased, the deposit is carried and flows along the slope under the action of gravity, and the slide collapse body stops flowing until the energy is not changed any more.
Calculating the mass m of the sediment by the land sediment by using the following operation formulaDeposition of：
Initial kinetic energy:
velocity formula:
vertical displacement in the carrying process:
the theorem of kinetic energy:
the theorem of momentum is as follows: (m)Deposition ofg-f)t＝0-m0v0
In the formula:
m0: total mass (kg) of the initial slumped body;
g: acceleration of gravity (N/kg);
h0: height (m) of the initial base shape;
t: total time of deposition(s);
v0: initial velocity (m/s) of the initial slumped body;
α is a gradient angle (°);
a is a friction factor;
h: vertical displacement (m) during transportation;
mdeposition of: deposit mass (kg);
f: internal friction (N) between sand and mud layers;
l: displacement (m) carried on the ramp during deposition.
b. Underwater deposition: carrying out equation simulation on the carrying and deposition of the underwater sediments to obtain the carrying and deposition modes of underwater particles;
the handling and deposition of underwater sediments were simulated:
a. the turbidity current is simulated by adopting an incompressible fluid Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, and the mass and momentum conservation equation is as follows:
in the formula:
ui: sitting positionAxis xiReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
t: a time(s);
ρ: liquid Density (kg/m)3)；
μ: viscosity (m)2/s)；
μi: vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
b. The turbulence is simulated by adopting a k-epsilon model, and the equation is as follows:
vortex viscosity:
in the formula:
k: turbulent kinetic energy;
epsilon: the rate of turbulent dissipation.
4) Determining the elevation change of the bed bottom:
a. aiming at onshore deposition, according to the deposition quality of the deposit, the volume of the deposit is calculated by using a deposition component sand shale density formula, and the specific formula is as follows:
ρ0＝m/V
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ρ0: sedimentary component sandstone-shale density (kg/m)3)；
m: deposit mass (kg);
v is the volume (m)3)。
b. For underwater deposition, the sediment concentration is multiplied by the corresponding descending speed to calculate the sediment amount, and the specific formula is as follows:
ms＝c×vs
in the formula:
ms: the amount of deposits;
c: the concentration of the deposit;
vs: the deposition velocity (m/s) of the deposit under water.
The calculated equation for the sediment concentration c is:
in the formula:
c: the concentration of the deposit;
t: a time(s);
uj: coordinate axis xjReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
xi,xj: the i, j direction of the coordinate axis x;
vs: the descending speed (m/s) of the sediment in the water;
δ: a kronecker symbol;
υt: kinematic vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
And (C) Sc: a Schmidt number;
q: material exchange between the deposit and the boundary.
c. And calculating the deposition thickness of the deposit according to the volume and the quantity of the deposit, and superposing the deposition thickness on the initial bottom shape to be used as the deposition bottom shape at the next moment.
5): and (5) repeating the steps 2) to 4) until the simulation is finished to realize the quantitative characterization of the research area.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A gravity flow slumping body deposition simulation method based on numerical simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing an initial base shape:
a. collecting rock samples and rock core data aiming at a research area, and analyzing the granularity of the rock samples to obtain the density and thickness data of sedimentary component sandstone;
b. determining the landform bottom shape, the change of the gradient and the change data of the terrain height of a research area according to the data of the density and the thickness of the sedimentary environment and sedimentary component sand mudstone, and the sedimentary dynamic control factors of flow, flow velocity, kinetic energy and viscosity related to the tectonic geological features, and obtaining an initial bottom shape on the basis;
2) starting from the deposition dynamics characteristics of the deposition slumped body, carrying out sedimentology investigation and research, and determining the initial conditions of slumped formation;
3) determination of handling and deposition patterns:
a. land deposition: judging the flowing change condition of the slumped body according to the momentum change of the sediment in the flowing process on the slope, calculating the sediment mass, and obtaining the carrying and sedimentation mode of onshore particles;
b. underwater deposition: carrying out equation simulation on the carrying and deposition of the underwater sediments to obtain the carrying and deposition modes of underwater particles;
4) determining the elevation change of the bed bottom:
a. aiming at onshore deposition, calculating the volume of the deposit by using a sedimentary component sand mudstone density formula according to the sedimentary quality of the deposit;
b. for underwater deposition, calculating the amount of sediment by multiplying the sediment concentration by the corresponding rate of descent;
c. calculating the deposition thickness of the sediment according to the volume and the quantity of the sediment, and superposing the deposition thickness on the initial bottom shape to be used as the deposition bottom shape at the next moment;
5): repeating the steps 2) to 4) until the simulation is finished to realize the quantitative characterization of the research area;
wherein, in the step 2), when the component of the gravity of the sediment on the slope is greater than the shear strength of the sediment, the sliding begins to occur, the momentum is increased, and the shear strength tau of the sediment on the sliding surface is increasedfIs determined by the following formula:
τf＝c+(σ-u)tanθ
in the formula:
τf: shear strength (kN/m) of deposit on sliding surface2)；
c: cohesion (kN/m)2)；
σ: total stress (kN/m)2)；
u: pore water pressure (kN/m)2)；
θ: internal friction angle (°);
in the step a) of the step 3), if the gravity component of the deposited substance on the sliding surface is less than or equal to the friction force generated in the movement, the momentum in the slumped body is weakened, the deposition and transportation process is finished, and the slumped body starts to deposit;
in the step a) of the step 3), if the gravity component of the deposited substance on the sliding surface is greater than the friction force generated in the movement, the momentum in the slumped body is increased, the deposited substance continues to flow along the slope under the action of gravity until the energy is not changed any more, and the slumped body stops flowing;
in the step a) of the step 3), the mass m of the sediment is calculated by the land sediment by using the following operation formulaDeposition of：
Initial kinetic energy:
velocity formula:
vertical displacement in the carrying process:
the theorem of kinetic energy:
the theorem of momentum is as follows: (m)Deposition ofg-f)t＝0-m0v0
In the formula:
m0: total mass (kg) of the initial slumped body;
g: acceleration of gravity (N/kg);
h0: height (m) of the initial base shape;
t: total time of deposition(s);
v0: initial velocity (m/s) of the initial slumped body;
α is a gradient angle (°);
a is a friction factor;
h: vertical displacement (m) during transportation;
mdeposition of: deposit mass (kg);
f: internal friction (N) between sand and mud layers;
l: the displacement (m) carried on the ramp during deposition;
in the step b) of the step 3), carrying and deposition of underwater sediments are simulated:
a. the turbidity current is simulated by adopting an incompressible fluid Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, and the mass and momentum conservation equation is as follows:
in the formula:
ui: coordinate axis xiReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
uj: coordinate axis xjReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
xi,xj: the i, j direction of the coordinate axis x;
t: a time(s);
ρ: liquid Density (kg/m)3)；
gi:Coordinate axis xiAcceleration of gravity in direction (m/s)2)；
μ: viscosity (m)2/s)；
μi: vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
b. The turbulence is simulated by adopting a k-epsilon model, and the equation is as follows:
vortex viscosity:
in the formula:
μi: vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
ρ: liquid Density (kg/m)3)；
k: turbulent kinetic energy;
epsilon: a turbulent dissipation rate;
in the step a) and the step 4), the sedimentary component sandstone density formula is as follows:
ρ0＝m/V
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
ρ0: sedimentary component sandstone-shale density (kg/m)3)；
m: deposit mass (kg);
v is the volume (m)3)；
In the sub-step b) of the step 4), the deposit concentration is multiplied by the corresponding descending speed to calculate the deposit amount formula
ms＝c×vs
In the formula:
ms: the amount of deposits;
c: the concentration of the deposit;
vs: the deposition speed (m/s) of the sediment under water;
the calculation equation of the sediment concentration c is as follows:
in the formula:
c: the concentration of the deposit;
t: a time(s);
uj: coordinate axis xjReynolds average velocity in direction (m/s);
xi,xj: the i, j direction of the coordinate axis x;
vs: the descending speed (m/s) of the sediment in the water;
δ: a kronecker symbol;
υt: kinematic vortex viscosity (m)2/s)；
And (C) Sc: a Schmidt number;
q: material exchange between the deposit and the boundary.
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| US8117019B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2012-02-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for evaluating sedimentary basin properties by numerical modeling of sedimentation processes |
| CN106202749A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 长江大学 | Deposition analogy method deposition process controlled based on datum level |
| CN106529198A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Numerical value simulation and numerical value calculation method for overall process of debris flow |
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| US8117019B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2012-02-14 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for evaluating sedimentary basin properties by numerical modeling of sedimentation processes |
| CN106202749A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 长江大学 | Deposition analogy method deposition process controlled based on datum level |
| CN106529198A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Numerical value simulation and numerical value calculation method for overall process of debris flow |
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