CN107585330A - Multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design - Google Patents
Multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design Download PDFInfo
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- CN107585330A CN107585330A CN201610531837.8A CN201610531837A CN107585330A CN 107585330 A CN107585330 A CN 107585330A CN 201610531837 A CN201610531837 A CN 201610531837A CN 107585330 A CN107585330 A CN 107585330A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design, for being repeatedly used and expansible application using modularization and the design method taken off of integrally landing, realization.The device includes：Accommodation, using Multifunctional centralized Chinese style, positioned at device upper part, for establishing the sealed connection between other aircraft, live and work environment is provided for spacefarer and supporting spacefarer to pass in and out cabin；And landing module, for the placement of propulsion system, electronic equipment and landing buffer mechanism, support platform and buffering energy-absorbing support are provided so as to be taken off for landing, wherein, accommodation and landing module use modular design method, so as to perform different task by the combination of disparate modules.Therefore, the invention enables manned lunar surface's lander is compact-sized, relatively low is required to carrier rocket transport capacity, can repeatedly use, possess multitask application extension characteristic, advantageously reduce manned moon landing's comprehensive task cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design, for manned moon landing
Spacefarer is delivered into safely moonscape in task, and spacefarer is sent back to the moon safely after spacefarer terminates lunar surface activity
Track.
Background technology
Manned lunar surface's lander is that one kind transports spacefarer to moonscape, and is taken off the rising return ring moon from moonscape
The spacecraft of track.Lunar surface lander possesses the function of implementing spacecrafts rendezvous with manned spaceship or other manned vehicles, space flight
Member can be transferred to lunar surface lander from other aircraft, complete moonscape soft landing by lunar surface lander, and pass through lunar surface
Lander takes off, and leaves the moon.
So far, the whole world only has the U.S. to be successfully realized manned moon landing's task in last century the late sixties.Made
Apollo Personnel investigation Program " lunar module uses two stage configuration, rises level and is furnished with sealed compartment, is the control centre of whole lunar module, is space flight
Member provides live and work space；Lower degradation is responsible for providing braking and motive power during the braking of the nearly moon and lunar surface decline,
Corresponding propulsion system and landing buffer device are equipped with, and carries scientific exploration instrument and lunar rover etc..Apollo Personnel investigation Program " is stepped on
Month cabin landing lunar surface and during lunar surface works, rise, decline two-stage and link together；Taken off from lunar surface and return to lunar orbit
When, only upper upgrading is taken off, and lower degradation stays in moonscape as support platform.
Earlier 2000s, the U.S., which starts, is intended to " constellation " that returns to moon plan, it is proposed that suitable for short-term manned
The lunar surface lander scheme of the multiple-tasks such as moonfall, lunar base and moon shipping.Wherein, " Altair " manned lunar surface lands
Device uses stagewise configuration, is made up of upper upgrading, lower degradation, wherein lower degrade includes independent airlock.
However, Apollo Personnel investigation Program " lunar module, " Altair " lunar surface lander and other various manned lunar surface's lander presence
Following common ground：
1) it is disposable, i.e., can only takes limited quantity spacefarer manned lunar surface of completion and land to take off and appoint
Business；
2) upper upgrading, the design of lower degradation two stage configuration are used, above upgrading is individually taken off after overall landing, lower degradation conduct
Take off support platform；
3) centralized sealed compartment is equipped with, work and living environment are provided for spacefarer, possesses the appropriate manned environment of maintenance
Function, and provide to the protective capacities of sand and dust near space junk, micrometeor and lunar surface；
4) independent airlock (or sealed compartment also serves as airlock) is equipped with, spacefarer passes in and out sealed compartment by airlock；And
5) independent landing buffer mechanism is equipped with, to slow down impact when lunar surface lands to lunar surface lander structure and spacefarer
Overload.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of new manned lunar surface's lander design
Scheme, the aerial mission that several spacefarer perform landing moonscape and the return lunar orbit that takes off can be carried.With in the past it is manned
Lunar surface lander difference, the present invention make it to repeatedly use, and possess face using modularization and overall design of taking off of landing
To the expanded application ability of multiple-task.
The invention provides a kind of multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design, for using modularization and
Integrally land the design method taken off, realization repeatedly uses and multitask application.The device includes：Accommodation, using more
Function centralization, positioned at device upper part, for establishing the sealed connection between other aircraft, providing life for spacefarer
Cabin is passed in and out with working environment and support spacefarer；And landing module, for propulsion system, electronic equipment and landing buffer mechanism
Placement, support platform and buffering energy-absorbing are provided supported so as to be taken off for landing, wherein, accommodation and landing module use mould
The design method of block, so as to perform different task by the combination of disparate modules.
Specifically, accommodation comprises at least：Main structural item, for bearing the load under various mechanical environments, keeping shape
Shape and provide installing space and support platform for each equipment in accommodation；Passage is sealed, for supporting spacefarer and goods and materials to exist
Transfer between aircraft；Docking mechanism, it is rigidly connected for docking between other aircraft, sealing, formation；And set
Standby cabin, positioned at bilateral, is connected using truss structure with main structural item, and its shape of cross section is rectangle, and top is installed
There are spacecrafts rendezvous sensor and docking mechanism.
Wherein, main structural item uses the form of covering reinforcement, and accommodation opsition dependent is divided into：Control positioned at front end
Area and middle living area, between them together with and be sealed compartment；Positioned at the Chu Cang areas of rear end, with control zone and living area phase
Mutually isolate and be provided with out cabin passage；And the big visual field porthole on front side of control zone is opened in, in landing and take-off process
The visual field is provided for spacefarer to observe extravehicular environment and selection touchdown area, so as to improve the security that manned landing is taken off.
In addition, it is disposed with Chu Cang areas：Two extract cabin clothes, for directly being worn out of sealed compartment when spacefarer goes out cabin,
Wherein, the mode that Chu Cang areas isolate with control zone and living area includes low pressure or non-pressurized interior isolation design.
In the present invention, landing module comprises at least：Main structure, for bear load under various mechanical environments and
The installation of each equipment in the cabin of land；Propulsion system, weight is big and propellant tank placement location is low, advantageously reduces whole lunar surface and
The barycenter of land device, so as to improve the security that manned landing is taken off, and including at least sustainer, attitude control engine and push away
Enter agent tank；And landing buffer mechanism, using the buffering method of non-structural collapse energy-absorption, for recovering former after pressure is cancelled
Shape, so as to possess repeatedly using property.
Extraly, propulsion system can also include：Gas cylinder and controller, wherein, propellant tank and main structure one
Bodyization designs, and possesses the ability for bearing impact acceleration when landing and lunar surface take off, to share the structural overload of landing buffer mechanism,
So as to mitigate whole lunar surface lander weight and improve structural bearing efficiency.
The landing module of the present invention can also include：Electronic equipment, for the measurement during lunar surface lands, calculate and
Propulsion system controls；And lunar surface lander staircase above and below occupant.Landing buffer mechanism is four leg formula buffer gears, and is being held
Portion is provided with foot pad, is supported so as to provide buffering energy-absorbing for the stable soft landing of lunar surface.
In the present invention, various mechanical environments comprise at least：Transmitting, become rail, land, taking off and spacecrafts rendezvous.
Alternatively, in the case of installation wheel type movement module below accommodation, the reusable load of modularized design
People's lunar surface lander moves carrier as lunar surface, for undertaking the large-scale Material Transportation task of lunar surface.
Alternatively, in the case of installation cargo hold module above landing module, the reusable manned moon of modularized design
Face lander is as shipping lunar surface lander, for undertaking the Material Transportation task from lunar orbit to lunar surface.
Alternatively, in the end foot pad of landing buffer mechanism install additional anchor mechanism in the case of, modularized design can
Manned lunar surface's lander is reused as manned ASTEREX device, asteroid surface is attached to open for carrying spacefarer
Open up detection mission.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of new manned lunar surface's lander design concept so that manned lunar surface's lander knot
Structure is compact, requires relatively low to carrier rocket transport capacity, can repeatedly use, advantageously reduce manned moon landing's comprehensive task
Cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the whole device schematic diagram according to manned lunar surface's lander of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the accommodation of manned lunar surface's lander involved by the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic internal view of the accommodation of manned lunar surface's lander involved by the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the landing module of manned lunar surface's lander involved by the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the lunar surface movement carrier of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the shipping lunar surface lander of the second embodiment of the present invention；And
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the manned ASTEREX device of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
New manned lunar surface's lander device of the present invention can carry several spacefarer and perform landing moonscape and take off
Return to the aerial mission of lunar orbit.The present invention uses modularization and overall design of taking off of landing, and it is repeatedly used,
And possesses the expanded application ability towards multiple-task.
New manned lunar surface's lander device includes：
Main structure --- the load for bearing to launch, becoming rail, landing, taking off, under the various mechanical environments such as spacecrafts rendezvous,
Aircraft shape is maintained, and installing space and support platform are provided for equipment；
Sealing passage --- manned lunar surface's lander is to carry spacefarer to carry out the aircraft that lunar surface lands and taken off, space flight
Member need be transferred to from other aircraft sealing spaces in lunar surface lander sealing space, sealing passage be used for support spacefarer with
And transfer of the goods and materials between aircraft；
Multifunctional centralized Chinese style accommodation --- manned lunar surface's lander top is divided into Multifunctional centralized Chinese style accommodation, can be boat
Its member provides comfortable live and work environment, and supports spacefarer to pass in and out cabin, wherein, accommodation main structure is covering reinforcement shape
Formula, the equipment compartment of bilateral are connected using truss structure with main structure, and shape of cross section installs spacecrafts rendezvous close to rectangle, top
Sensor and docking mechanism, accommodation front end are control zone, and centre is living area, and twoth area connect and are sealed compartment, and rear end is
Chu Cang areas, isolate with control zone, living area, cabin passage is set out, and big visual field porthole is provided with front side of accommodation, landing
With the good visual field is provided in take-off process for spacefarer, observation extravehicular environment and selection touchdown area, improve and land what is taken off
Security；
Tank carries landing module --- and landing module is set for installing propulsion system, landing buffer mechanism and each electron-like
It is standby, wherein, propellant tank and main structure integrated design, possess certain bearing capacity, substantially increase whole device structure effect
Rate, further, since heavy weight propellant tank position is relatively low, then whole to think highly of the heart relatively low, is not easy to topple over during landing lunar surface, favorably
In the security that raising manned landing is taken off；
Space suit goes out cabin --- and accommodation rear end is equipped with two and extracts cabin space suit, and spacefarer directly wears space flight from sealed compartment
Clothes, cabin can be gone out by opening rear end hatch door, and accommodation rear end isolates with front-end control area, living area, can using low pressure or
Non-pressurized interior isolation design, avoid it is conventional go out cabin air-lock needed for let out press through journey again for a long time, be advantageous to shorten spacefarer's disengaging
Cabin duty cycle, improve spacefarer's lunar surface activity time utilization rate；
Docking system --- manned lunar surface's lander is equipped with a set of docking system, other winged with manned spaceship etc. for providing
The docking of row device；
Propulsion system --- manned lunar surface's lander is equipped with a set of propulsion system, including sustainer, attitude control engine, pushes away
Enter agent tank, gas cylinder and corresponding controller；And
Landing buffer mechanism --- for entering row buffering to impact energy during landing lunar surface, steady soft landing is realized, is
Follow-up spacefarer's extravehicular activity and lunar surface, which take off, provides good supporting condition, and landing buffer mechanism uses non-structural conquassation shape
Formula, the deformation during landing shock can recover, and support to carry out lunar surface landing task next time.
The present invention is described in detail for 1-7 and embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, lunar surface lander is made up of 2 two accommodation 1, landing module parts.Accommodation 1 and landing module 2 are equal
Using modularized design, multiple-task can be performed by the combination of disparate modules.
The task of accommodation 1 is the sealed connection established between manned lunar surface's lander and other aircraft, is spacefarer
And the transfer of article provides sealing space and transfer path, spacefarer's retention period provide life support for it, is spacefarer
Extravehicular activity provides access way and other supports；The task of landing module 2 is to be used for propulsion system, all kinds of electronic instruments and landing
The placement of buffer gear, landing to take off for whole lunar surface lander provides support platform, and buffering is provided for the stable soft landing of lunar surface
Energy-absorbing is supported.
As shown in figure 1, lunar surface lander is made up of 2 two accommodation 1, landing module parts.Accommodation 1 and landing module 2 are equal
Using modularized design, multiple-task can be performed by the combination of disparate modules.
The task of accommodation 1 is the sealed connection established between manned lunar surface's lander and other aircraft, is spacefarer
And the transfer of article provides sealing space and transfer path, spacefarer's retention period provide life support for it, is spacefarer
Extravehicular activity provides access way and other supports；The task of landing module 2 is to be used for propulsion system, all kinds of electronic instruments and landing
The placement of buffer gear, landing to take off for whole lunar surface lander provides support platform, and buffering is provided for the stable soft landing of lunar surface
Energy-absorbing is supported.
As shown in Fig. 2 accommodation 1 includes docking mechanism 11, main structure 12, sealing passage 13, equipment compartment 141 and equipment
Cabin 143.
Wherein, main structure 12 be used to bearing whole accommodation 1 in transmitting, become rail, land, each environmental condition such as take off
Under load, for supporting docking mechanism 11, sealing passage 13, equipment compartment 141 and equipment compartment 143.Docking mechanism 11 is used for
Passage is rigidly connected and seals with the docking of other aircraft (comprising at least manned spaceship), sealing, formation.The He of larboard window 151
Starboard window 152 is used to provide the good visual field for spacefarer, to observe extravehicular environment and selection touchdown area.
As shown in figure 3, accommodation is divided into front-end control area 161, living area 162 and Chu Cang areas 163, wherein Chu Cang areas 163
In arrange two and extract cabin and take 17, spacefarer directly wears out cabin from living area 162 and takes 17, and cabin can be gone out by opening hatch door 18.
As shown in figure 4, landing module 2 includes main structure 21, attitude control engine 22, sustainer 23, propellant tank 24,
Land buffer gear 25, electronic equipment 26, occupant's staircase 27.
Main structure 21 be used to bearing whole landing module 2 in transmitting, become rail, land, under each environmental condition such as take off
Load, for support attitude control engine 22, sustainer 23, propellant tank 24, landing buffer mechanism 25, electronic equipment 26,
The installation of occupant's staircase 27.
Electronic equipment 26 is mainly used in measurement and calculating during manned lunar surface lands.
Landing buffer mechanism 25 is four leg formula buffer gears, and end is equipped with foot pad, and buffering is provided for the stable soft landing of lunar surface
Energy-absorbing is supported.Landing buffer mechanism uses the buffering method of non-structural collapse energy-absorption, and pressure can restore to the original state after cancelling, then have
The standby ability repeatedly used.
Propellant tank 24 and the integrated design of main structure 21, possesses the energy for bearing impact acceleration when landing and lunar surface take off
Power, the structural pressure of landing buffer mechanism 25 can be shared, so as to mitigate the weight of whole lunar surface lander, improve main structure and hold
Carry efficiency.
First embodiment
As the first change of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, retaining the module of accommodation 1, wheel type movement mould is installed additional below
Block, then it can transform lunar surface movement carrier as, the large-scale Material Transportation task of lunar surface can be undertaken.
Second embodiment
As second of change of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, retaining the module of landing module 2, cargo hold module is installed additional above, then
Shipping lunar surface lander can be transform as, the Material Transportation task from lunar orbit to lunar surface can be undertaken.
3rd embodiment
As the third change of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, retaining the module of accommodation 1 and the module of landing module 2, landing
Anchor mechanism is installed additional in the end foot pad of buffer gear 25, then can transform manned ASTEREX device as, it is attached to carry spacefarer
And carry out detection mission on asteroid surface.
In summary, using technical scheme so that the structure of manned lunar surface's lander is compacter, and to fortune
The transport capacity for carrying rocket requires lower, and can repeatedly use, so as to advantageously reduce manned moon landing's comprehensive task
Cost.
Do not specified in the present invention and partly belong to techniques known.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design, for what is taken off using modularization and overall landing Design method, realization repeatedly use and multitask application, it is characterised in that including：Accommodation, using Multifunctional centralized Chinese style, positioned at whole device upper part, for establishing the sealing between other aircraft Interface channel, provide live and work environment for spacefarer and support spacefarer to pass in and out cabin；AndLanding module, for the placement of propulsion system, electronic equipment and landing buffer mechanism, so as to taken off for landing provide power, Support platform and buffering energy-absorbing support,Wherein, the accommodation and the landing module use modular design method, so as to pass through the combination of disparate modules To perform different task.
- 2. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 1 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Accommodation comprises at least：Main structural item, for bearing the load under various mechanical environments, holding shape and being each equipment in the accommodation Installing space and support platform are provided；Passage is sealed, for supporting the transfer of spacefarer and goods and materials between aircraft；Docking mechanism, it is rigidly connected for docking between other aircraft, sealing, formation；AndEquipment compartment, positioned at bilateral, it is connected using truss structure with the main structural item, its shape of cross section is rectangle, and And top is provided with spacecrafts rendezvous sensor and the docking mechanism.
- 3. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 2 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Main structural item uses the form of covering reinforcement, and the accommodation opsition dependent is divided into：Positioned at the control zone of front end and middle living area, between them together with and be sealed compartment；It is mutually isolated with the control zone and the living area and be provided with out cabin passage positioned at the Chu Cang areas of rear end；AndThe big visual field porthole being opened on front side of the control zone, for providing visual field Lai Guan in landing and take-off process for spacefarer Extravehicular environment and selection touchdown area are examined, so as to improve the security that manned landing is taken off.
- 4. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 3 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Chu Cang is disposed with area：Two extract cabin clothes, for directly being worn out of described sealed compartment when spacefarer goes out cabin,Wherein, the mode that the Chu Cang areas isolate with the control zone and the living area includes low pressure or non-pressurized interior is isolated Design.
- 5. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 1 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Landing module comprises at least：Main structure, for bearing the installation of each equipment in load and the landing module under various mechanical environments；Propulsion system, weight is big and propellant tank placement location is low, advantageously reduces the barycenter of whole lunar surface lander, so as to The security that manned landing is taken off is improved, and comprises at least sustainer, attitude control engine and propellant tank；AndLanding buffer mechanism, using the buffering method of non-structural collapse energy-absorption, for being restored to the original state after pressure is cancelled, so as to have Standby repeatedly using property.
- 6. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 5 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Propulsion system also includes：Gas cylinder and controller,Wherein, the propellant tank and the main structure integrated design, possess to bear to land and impacted when being taken off with lunar surface The ability of load, to share the structural overload of the landing buffer mechanism, tied so as to mitigate whole lunar surface lander weight and improve Structure load-carrying efficiency.
- 7. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 5 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Landing module also includes：Electronic equipment, controlled for the measurement during lunar surface lands, calculating and propulsion system；AndLunar surface lander staircase above and below occupant.
- 8. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 5 based on modularized design, it is characterised in that described Landing buffer mechanism is four leg formula buffer gears, and is provided with foot pad in end, so as to be provided for the stable soft landing of lunar surface Buffering energy-absorbing is supported.
- 9. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander based on modularized design according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that The various mechanical environments comprise at least：Transmitting, become rail, land, taking off and spacecrafts rendezvous.
- 10. multi-functional manned lunar surface's lander according to claim 1 based on modularized design, it is characterised in thatIn the case of installation wheel type movement module below the accommodation, carrier is moved as lunar surface, for undertaking lunar surface Large-scale Material Transportation task,In the case of installation cargo hold module above the landing module, as shipping lunar surface lander, for undertaking from ring moon rail Road comes and goes the Material Transportation task of lunar surface, orIn the case of anchor mechanism being installed additional in the end foot pad of the landing buffer mechanism, as manned ASTEREX device, Asteroid surface is attached to carry out detection mission for carrying spacefarer.
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| CN108622439A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-09 | 北京空间技术研制试验中心 | A kind of manned accommodation of space exploration |
| CN108909873A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-30 | 上海交通大学 | Land the leg formula inspecting robot separated with walking function |
| CN109018439A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Rocket-powered mars transporter |
| CN109367823A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-22 | 北京空间技术研制试验中心 | Landing buffer lunar surface accommodation integrated with walking |
| CN110803294B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-02-10 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Enclosed cylinder type aircraft structure cabin body general assembly operating platform |
| CN110803294A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-18 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Enclosed cylinder type aircraft structure cabin body general assembly operating platform |
| CN110758771A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-07 | 北京空间技术研制试验中心 | Manned lunar surface lander sealed cabin |
| CN111874272A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-03 | 北京空间技术研制试验中心 | Flexible deployable moon living cabin |
| CN112357118A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-12 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Manned lunar surface lander based on truss structure |
| CN112903330B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-07-01 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | A method for verifying the stable take-off of spacecraft from the lunar surface |
| CN112903330A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-04 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Method for verifying stable takeoff of spacecraft on lunar surface |
| CN114194418A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-03-18 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | Lunar surface landing platform structure |
| CN114194418B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2024-11-12 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | A lunar landing platform structure |
| CN116167520A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-05-26 | 中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心 | System, method, medium and equipment for determining astronaut cabin-leaving movable window |
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| CN116692040A (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2023-09-05 | 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 | A return capsule recovery operation platform |
| CN116692040B (en) * | 2023-07-11 | 2024-04-26 | 西安四方超轻材料有限公司 | Return cabin recycling operation platform |
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