CN107578767A - A cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton - Google Patents
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000002262 tip cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种带金属骨架的空腔吸声尖劈复合体，属于水体环境吸声尖劈技术领域。The invention relates to a cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton, which belongs to the technical field of sound-absorbing wedges in water environment.
背景技术Background technique
尖劈具有阻抗逐渐过渡的性质，通过在其内部设置空腔结构，使其兼具谐振吸声的特点，同其他吸声结构相比在低频下具有优良的吸声性能，是一种性能良好的吸声结构。在消声水池、大型消声室及舰艇上，吸声尖劈结构得到广泛应用。尤其是将其敷设于艇体声呐平台区的无需透声的壁板上，可以有效降低声呐平台区噪声干扰，具有较强的工程应用价值。我国自20世纪70年代开始开展了吸声尖劈的研究工作，大量的工作主要集中在对尖劈吸声性能的影响因素上，如尖劈长度、材料属性、内部空腔等。但鉴于水下环境中的吸声尖劈还要受水压的作用，随着水深的增加，水压对尖劈的作用力也逐渐增加，这就要求空腔吸声尖劈在满足吸声性能的前提下，自身还要具有一定的强度。而现有的尖劈产品由于其自身结构形式和材料强度的限制而不能够适用于高强度压力的作业环境，如高静水压力环境。The wedge has the property of gradual transition of impedance. By setting a cavity structure inside it, it has the characteristics of resonant sound absorption. Compared with other sound absorption structures, it has excellent sound absorption performance at low frequencies. It is a good performance sound-absorbing structure. Sound-absorbing wedge structures are widely used in anechoic pools, large anechoic chambers and ships. In particular, laying it on the sonar platform area of the hull does not require sound-transparent wall panels, which can effectively reduce noise interference in the sonar platform area, and has strong engineering application value. Since the 1970s, the research work on sound-absorbing wedges has been carried out in our country, and a large amount of work mainly focuses on the factors that affect the sound-absorbing performance of the wedges, such as the length of the wedges, material properties, and internal cavities. However, in view of the fact that the sound-absorbing wedge in the underwater environment is also affected by the water pressure, as the water depth increases, the force of the water pressure on the wedge also gradually increases, which requires the sound-absorbing wedge in the cavity to meet the sound absorption performance Under the premise, it must have a certain strength. However, existing wedge products cannot be suitable for high-intensity pressure operating environments, such as high hydrostatic pressure environments, due to the limitations of their own structural forms and material strength.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有尖劈由于其自身强度的限制而不能够适用于高静水压力环境中作业的问题，本发明开发了一种同时具有优良吸声性能和结构强度的吸声尖劈，能够满足水下环境使用要求，采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the problem that the existing wedge cannot be applied to work in a high hydrostatic pressure environment due to its own strength limitation, the present invention develops a sound-absorbing wedge with excellent sound-absorbing performance and structural strength, which can meet the requirements of water According to the environmental requirements, the technical solution adopted is:
一种带金属骨架的空腔吸声尖劈复合体，该尖劈复合体包括吸声底板A，吸声尖劈B和n 个金属骨架C；所述吸声尖劈B固定连接在吸声底板A的上方；所述吸声尖劈B包括基部1和尖部2；所述基部1和尖部2一体成型；所述基部1呈长方体；所述尖部2由n个圆锥形的尖部单元 21构成；所述尖部单元21阵列排布在基部1的上表面、且尖端向上；每个所述尖部单元21的内部设有圆台形空腔22；所述圆台形空腔22的底部延伸至基部1的底部，且所述圆台形空腔22 的顶端口径缩小，并沿圆台形空腔22的中心轴向尖劈单元21的尖端延伸有长条形空腔23；每个所述尖部单元21的壁体内部或由每个所述尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体内部都嵌有一个所述金属骨架C；；所述n为不小于1的整数。A cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton, the wedge complex includes a sound-absorbing bottom plate A, a sound-absorbing wedge B and n metal skeletons C; the sound-absorbing wedge B is fixedly connected to the sound-absorbing Above the bottom plate A; the sound-absorbing wedge B includes a base 1 and a tip 2; the base 1 and the tip 2 are integrally formed; the base 1 is a cuboid; the tip 2 consists of n conical tips The tip unit 21 is composed of; the tip unit 21 is arranged in an array on the upper surface of the base 1, and the tip is upward; the inside of each tip unit 21 is provided with a conical cavity 22; the conical cavity 22 The bottom of the base extends to the bottom of the base 1, and the diameter of the top port of the frustum-shaped cavity 22 is reduced, and a strip-shaped cavity 23 is extended along the central axis of the conical cavity 22 to the tip of the wedge unit 21; each One metal frame C is embedded inside the wall of the tip unit 21 or inside the wall surrounded by each of the tip units 21 and the base 1; the n is an integer not less than 1.
进一步地，所述基部1与尖部2的高度比为1:4～1:5。Further, the height ratio of the base portion 1 to the tip portion 2 is 1:4˜1:5.
进一步地，所述圆台形空腔22和长条形空腔23的高度之和与吸声尖劈B的高度之比为3:5。Further, the ratio of the sum of the heights of the frustum-shaped cavity 22 and the strip-shaped cavity 23 to the height of the sound-absorbing wedge B is 3:5.
进一步地，所述圆台形空腔22和长条形空腔23的高度之比2:1。Further, the height ratio of the frustum-shaped cavity 22 to the elongated cavity 23 is 2:1.
进一步地，为满足不同使用情况，所述尖劈复合体的高度为110mm～190mm。Further, in order to meet different usage situations, the height of the wedge complex is 110mm-190mm.
进一步地，所述吸声底板A的厚度为10mm～20mm。Further, the thickness of the sound-absorbing floor A is 10mm-20mm.
进一步地，所述金属骨架C的厚度为3mm～5mm。Further, the thickness of the metal skeleton C is 3 mm to 5 mm.
进一步地，所述金属骨架C为通孔泡沫钛或者通孔泡沫铝。Further, the metal skeleton C is through-hole foamed titanium or through-hole foamed aluminum.
进一步地，所述吸声底板A的材料为高分子粘弹性材料；优选为吸声橡胶或者聚氨酯。Further, the material of the sound-absorbing floor A is a polymer viscoelastic material; preferably sound-absorbing rubber or polyurethane.
进一步地，所述吸声尖劈B的材料为高分子粘弹性材料。优选为吸声橡胶或者聚氨酯。Further, the material of the sound-absorbing wedge B is a polymer viscoelastic material. Acoustic rubber or polyurethane is preferred.
进一步地，所述尖部单元21的顶端为平头或尖头。Further, the tip of the tip unit 21 is flat or pointed.
进一步地，所述尖部单元21呈矩形阵列排布。如按照4×4矩形阵列排布。Further, the tip units 21 are arranged in a rectangular array. For example, they are arranged in a 4×4 rectangular array.
进一步地，每个所述金属骨架C呈圆台形或圆锥形地嵌于每个所述尖部单元21的壁体内部或由每个所述尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体内部。Further, each metal skeleton C is embedded in the wall of each tip unit 21 or in the wall surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the base 1 in the shape of a truncated cone or a cone. .
进一步地，所述吸声底板A的长、宽与吸声尖劈B底面的长、宽一致。Further, the length and width of the sound-absorbing floor A are consistent with the length and width of the bottom surface of the sound-absorbing wedge B.
本发明中吸声底板A与吸声尖劈B分别成型，并固定连接，如通过耐水胶粘接。In the present invention, the sound-absorbing bottom plate A and the sound-absorbing wedge B are formed separately and fixedly connected, such as bonding by water-resistant glue.
本发明中吸声尖劈B成型时，金属骨架C预先安放在吸声尖劈B空腔的模具上，在浇筑吸声尖劈B之后将其留置在吸声尖劈B的实体内。When the sound-absorbing wedge B is formed in the present invention, the metal skeleton C is pre-placed on the mold of the cavity of the sound-absorbing wedge B, and is left in the solid body of the sound-absorbing wedge B after casting the sound-absorbing wedge B.
本发明中吸声尖劈B的壁体是指由每个尖部单元21和其底部对应的基部1围成的部分。The wall body of the sound-absorbing wedge B in the present invention refers to the part surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the corresponding base 1 at the bottom thereof.
本发明中吸声尖劈B由金属骨架C、实体结构(吸声尖劈B的壁体)和内部空腔构成，实体结构底部呈长方体型、顶部为由锥体组成的尖端向上的结构(尖部2)按照阵列排布而成(如各锥体以4×4方阵排列)，每个锥体的顶端可以为尖头，也可以为平头结构；金属骨架C位于吸声尖劈B内，按照与吸声尖劈B的尖部2相同的位置和方式排布(如以4×4方阵排列)，且完全浸入吸声尖劈的壁体中；内部空腔由两部分组成：底部为梯形截面的锥体结构(圆台形)，顶部为矩形截面的片体结构(长条形)，底部空腔一端贯通实体结构的长方体部分，另一端延伸到锥体中一定位置处，上部片体空腔沿底部空腔继续向锥体尖部方向延伸一定距离。金属骨架C可以是部分或全部充满于尖劈锥体内。In the present invention, the sound-absorbing wedge B is composed of a metal skeleton C, a solid structure (the wall of the sound-absorbing wedge B) and an internal cavity. The bottom of the solid structure is cuboid, and the top is a structure with an upward tip consisting of a cone ( The tip 2) is arranged in an array (for example, the cones are arranged in a 4×4 square array), and the top of each cone can be pointed or flat; the metal skeleton C is located on the sound-absorbing wedge B Inside, arranged in the same position and manner as the tip 2 of the sound-absorbing wedge B (for example, arranged in a 4×4 square array), and completely immersed in the wall of the sound-absorbing wedge; the internal cavity is composed of two parts : The bottom is a cone structure with trapezoidal cross-section (truncated cone), and the top is a sheet structure with a rectangular cross-section (strip shape). One end of the bottom cavity runs through the cuboid part of the solid structure, and the other end extends to a certain position in the cone. The cavity of the upper sheet body continues to extend for a certain distance along the bottom cavity towards the tip of the cone. The metal skeleton C can be partly or completely filled in the wedge.
本发明有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明提供了一种带金属骨架的空腔吸声尖劈复合体，该尖劈复合体既具有优良的吸声效果，同时兼具一定的结构强度。第一，本发明通过增加通孔金属骨架增加了尖劈结构的强度和刚度，以适应高静水压力环境；第二，本发明是在具有优异吸声性能的聚氨酯弹性体或橡胶材料中，引入金属骨架，将材料的耐压性、阻尼性能和吸声性能分配到金属骨架和吸声材料两种材料上，这样两种材料可以发挥各自的优势；第三，本发明将金属骨架嵌入吸声尖劈内部，与吸声尖劈的吸声材料(吸声橡胶或聚氨酯)组装形成互穿网状结构，使得吸声材料充满于金属骨架孔隙，两者紧密结合，此种改进增加了材料的阻尼损耗因子，进而增加声波在尖劈内的损耗，从而提高了尖劈的减振吸声性能；第四，本发明形成的互穿网状结构存在大量非均匀声子晶体结构，形成局部共振、约束阻尼、材料的内摩擦等多种机理并存的吸声技术，在较宽频段内极大地增强材料的吸声效果；第五，本发明通过将互穿网状结构与尖劈空腔结构结合，形成强强联合的强吸声结构，可在低频及较宽频段内、较大静水压力下实现优异的吸声性能；第六，本发明基于现有的尖劈空腔形式，进行声学性能优化设计，得出本发明的空腔形式，其下部为圆台形，上部为矩形空腔，仿真结果表明含有此种空腔形式的尖劈，在1k～4kHz频段内，比现有的含空腔尖劈最小吸声系数提升了57％；第七，本发明结构形式简单，材料易于切割，可以适用不同使用位置的施工要求。第八，本发明可适用于水下环境，如消声水池、舰艇的水声平台区域等。The invention provides a cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton. The wedge complex not only has an excellent sound-absorbing effect, but also has a certain structural strength. First, the present invention increases the strength and rigidity of the wedge structure by increasing the through-hole metal skeleton to adapt to high hydrostatic pressure environments; second, the present invention introduces a polyurethane elastomer or rubber material with excellent sound absorption properties The metal skeleton distributes the pressure resistance, damping performance and sound absorption performance of the material to the metal skeleton and the sound-absorbing material, so that the two materials can exert their respective advantages; third, the present invention embeds the metal skeleton into the sound-absorbing material Inside the wedge, it is assembled with the sound-absorbing material (sound-absorbing rubber or polyurethane) of the sound-absorbing wedge to form an interpenetrating network structure, so that the sound-absorbing material fills the pores of the metal skeleton, and the two are tightly combined. This improvement increases the durability of the material. Damping loss factor, and then increase the loss of sound waves in the wedge, thereby improving the vibration and sound absorption performance of the wedge; fourth, the interpenetrating network structure formed by the present invention has a large number of non-uniform phonon crystal structures, forming local resonance , constrained damping, internal friction of materials and other mechanisms coexisting sound absorption technology, which greatly enhances the sound absorption effect of materials in a wide frequency band; Combined to form a strong sound-absorbing structure of strong combination, which can realize excellent sound-absorbing performance in low-frequency and wide-frequency bands and under relatively large hydrostatic pressure; sixth, the present invention is based on the existing wedge cavity form, and performs acoustic Performance optimization design, the cavity form of the present invention is obtained, the lower part is a conical cavity, and the upper part is a rectangular cavity. The simulation results show that the wedge with this cavity form is better than the existing one in the frequency range of 1k to 4kHz. The minimum sound absorption coefficient of the cavity wedge is increased by 57%. Seventh, the structure of the present invention is simple, the material is easy to cut, and can be applied to the construction requirements of different positions. Eighth, the present invention is applicable to underwater environments, such as anechoic pools, underwater acoustic platform areas of ships, and the like.
通常在在提高结构强度的同时会对吸声性能带来影响，如通过对尖劈自身材料进行改进而提高结构强度时会影响尖劈的吸声性能，而本发明吸声尖劈复合体通过采用互穿网状结构能够克服在提高结构强度时对吸声性能带来的影响，反而能在一定程度上增强其吸声性能。Generally, the sound-absorbing performance will be affected while improving the structural strength, such as improving the structural strength by improving the material of the wedge itself, which will affect the sound-absorbing performance of the wedge, and the sound-absorbing wedge composite of the present invention passes through The use of the interpenetrating network structure can overcome the impact on the sound absorption performance when the structural strength is increased, and on the contrary, it can enhance its sound absorption performance to a certain extent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的俯视图；Fig. 2 is the top view of the present invention;
图3为本发明的沿图2中D-D方向的剖视图；Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the D-D direction in Fig. 2 of the present invention;
(A，吸声底板；B，吸声尖劈；C，金属骨架；1，基部；2，尖部；21，尖部单元；22，圆台形空腔；23，长条形空腔)。(A, sound-absorbing floor; B, sound-absorbing wedge; C, metal frame; 1, base; 2, tip; 21, tip unit; 22, frustum-shaped cavity; 23, elongated cavity).
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明，以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.
实施方式一Implementation Mode 1
结合图1-3说明本实施方式，本实施方式的一种带金属骨架的空腔吸声尖劈复合体，该尖劈复合体包括吸声底板A，吸声尖劈B和n个金属骨架C；吸声尖劈B固定连接在吸声底板A的上方；吸声尖劈B包括基部1和尖部2；基部1和尖部2一体成型；基部1呈长方体；尖部2由n个圆锥形的尖部单元21构成；尖部单元21阵列排布在基部1的上表面、且尖端向上；每个尖部单元21的内部设有圆台形空腔22；圆台形空腔22的底部延伸至基部1的底部，且圆台形空腔22的顶端口径缩小，并沿圆台形空腔22的中心轴向尖劈单元21的尖端延伸有长条形空腔23；每个所述尖部单元21的壁体内部或由每个所述尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体内部都嵌有一个所述金属骨架C；n为不小于1的整数。This embodiment is described in conjunction with Figures 1-3. A hollow sound-absorbing wedge complex with a metal skeleton in this embodiment includes a sound-absorbing bottom plate A, a sound-absorbing wedge B and n metal skeletons C; the sound-absorbing wedge B is fixedly connected above the sound-absorbing floor A; the sound-absorbing wedge B includes a base 1 and a tip 2; the base 1 and the tip 2 are integrally formed; the base 1 is a cuboid; the tip 2 consists of n pieces Conical tip units 21 are formed; the tip units 21 are arranged in an array on the upper surface of the base 1, and the tip is upward; the inside of each tip unit 21 is provided with a conical cavity 22; the bottom of the conical cavity 22 Extending to the bottom of the base 1, and the diameter of the top port of the cone-shaped cavity 22 is reduced, and a strip-shaped cavity 23 is extended along the central axis of the cone-shaped cavity 22 to the tip of the wedge unit 21; each of the pointed parts One metal skeleton C is embedded inside the wall of the unit 21 or the wall surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the base 1; n is an integer not less than 1.
本实施方式尖部单元21可以呈矩形阵列排布，本实施方式以尖部单元21按照4×4方阵排列的方式举例说明，其它形式的阵列也都适用于本发明，当n＝1时即为单个尖劈结构。In this embodiment, the tip units 21 can be arranged in a rectangular array. In this embodiment, the tip units 21 are arranged in a 4×4 square array as an example. Other forms of arrays are also applicable to the present invention. When n=1 That is, a single wedge structure.
本实施方式中每个所述金属骨架C可以仅嵌于每个所述尖部单元21的壁体内部或内壁表面，也可以嵌于由每个所述尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体内部或内壁表面，即金属骨架 C的底端可以在尖部单元21内，也可以延伸至基部1的壁体内，也可以直接延伸至基部1的底端(如图3所示)。In this embodiment, each metal frame C can be embedded only inside the wall or the inner wall surface of each tip unit 21, or can be embedded in the wall surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the base 1. The inside of the wall or the surface of the inner wall, that is, the bottom end of the metal skeleton C can be inside the tip unit 21, or extend into the wall of the base 1, or directly extend to the bottom of the base 1 (as shown in FIG. 3 ).
本实施方式中的尖劈复合体的剖视图如图3，图3为沿着每个横排尖部单元中心轴的剖视图，竖排的剖视图与图3中的结构相同。本实施方式中每个尖部单元21的下方都对应一个圆台形空腔22，但是每个尖部单元21的下方对应的每个圆台形空腔22不互通。The cross-sectional view of the wedge complex in this embodiment is shown in Figure 3, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along the central axis of each horizontal tip unit, and the vertical cross-sectional view is the same as the structure in Figure 3 . In this embodiment, the bottom of each tip unit 21 corresponds to a truncated conical cavity 22 , but the corresponding truncated conical cavities 22 under each tip unit 21 do not communicate with each other.
本实施方式中每个所述金属骨架C可以呈圆台形地嵌于每个所述尖部单元21的壁体内部，也可以呈圆锥形地嵌于由每个所述尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体内部。其中当金属骨架C呈圆台形地嵌于每个尖部单元21的壁体内部中时，金属骨架C可以围着圆台形空腔22 布置，即金属骨架C的顶端可以以圆形空腔22的顶端为起点向基部1的底部方向延伸至基部1的底端，如图3所示。当金属骨架C呈圆锥形地嵌于每个尖部单元21的壁体内部中时，金属骨架C的顶部可以延伸至尖部单元21的顶部。In this embodiment, each metal skeleton C can be embedded in the wall of each tip unit 21 in the shape of a truncated cone, or can be embedded in the wall of each tip unit 21 and the base in a conical shape. 1 inside the enclosed wall. Wherein when the metal skeleton C is embedded in the wall of each tip unit 21 in the shape of a truncated cone, the metal skeleton C can be arranged around the truncated cavity 22, that is, the top of the metal skeleton C can be formed by a circular cavity 22 The top of the base is the starting point and extends toward the bottom of the base 1 to the bottom of the base 1, as shown in FIG. 3 . When the metal frame C is conically embedded in the wall of each tip unit 21 , the top of the metal frame C can extend to the top of the tip unit 21 .
本实施方式中每个尖部单元21与基部1围成的壁体是指图3中基部1和尖部单元21一体成型而成的壁体，即包围内部空腔(圆台形空腔22和长条形空前23)的壁体。In the present embodiment, the wall body surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the base 1 refers to the wall body formed integrally by the base 1 and the tip unit 21 in FIG. Elongated unprecedented 23) wall body.
本实施方式中吸声底板A与吸声尖劈B分别成型，并固定连接，如通过耐水胶粘接。In this embodiment, the sound-absorbing bottom plate A and the sound-absorbing wedge B are formed separately and fixedly connected, such as bonding by water-resistant glue.
本实施方式的声尖劈B成型时，金属骨架C预先安放在吸声尖劈B空腔的模具上，在浇筑吸声尖劈B之后将其留置在吸声尖劈B的实体内。本实施方式的金属骨架C采用通孔泡沫金属。When the sound-absorbing wedge B of this embodiment is formed, the metal skeleton C is pre-placed on the mold of the cavity of the sound-absorbing wedge B, and is left in the solid body of the sound-absorbing wedge B after casting the sound-absorbing wedge B. The metal skeleton C in this embodiment adopts metal foam with through holes.
本实施方式中吸声底板A的长、宽可以与吸声尖劈B底面的长、宽一致。In this embodiment, the length and width of the sound-absorbing floor A can be consistent with the length and width of the bottom surface of the sound-absorbing wedge B.
本实施方式中吸声尖劈B的壁体是指由每个尖部单元21和其底部对应的基部1围成的部分。In this embodiment, the wall of the sound-absorbing wedge B refers to the part surrounded by each tip unit 21 and the corresponding base 1 at the bottom thereof.
本发明中吸声尖劈B由金属骨架C、实体结构(吸声尖劈B的壁体)和内部空腔构成，实体结构底部呈长方体型、顶部为由锥体组成的尖端向上的结构(尖部2)按照阵列排布而成(如各锥体以4×4方阵排列)，每个锥体的顶端可以为尖头，也可以为平头结构；金属骨架C位于吸声尖劈B内，按照与吸声尖劈B的尖部2相同的位置和方式排布(如以4×4方阵排列)，且完全浸入吸声尖劈的壁体中；内部空腔由两部分组成：底部为梯形截面的锥体结构(圆台形)，顶部为矩形截面的片体结构(长条形)，底部空腔一端贯通实体结构的长方体部分，另一端延伸到锥体中一定位置处，上部片体空腔沿底部空腔继续向锥体尖部方向延伸一定距离。金属骨架C可以是部分或全部充满于尖劈锥体内。In the present invention, the sound-absorbing wedge B is composed of a metal skeleton C, a solid structure (the wall of the sound-absorbing wedge B) and an internal cavity. The bottom of the solid structure is cuboid, and the top is a structure with an upward tip consisting of a cone ( The tip 2) is arranged in an array (for example, the cones are arranged in a 4×4 square array), and the top of each cone can be pointed or flat; the metal skeleton C is located on the sound-absorbing wedge B Inside, arranged in the same position and manner as the tip 2 of the sound-absorbing wedge B (for example, arranged in a 4×4 square array), and completely immersed in the wall of the sound-absorbing wedge; the internal cavity is composed of two parts : The bottom is a cone structure with trapezoidal cross-section (truncated cone), and the top is a sheet structure with a rectangular cross-section (strip shape). One end of the bottom cavity runs through the cuboid part of the solid structure, and the other end extends to a certain position in the cone. The cavity of the upper sheet body continues to extend for a certain distance along the bottom cavity towards the tip of the cone. The metal skeleton C can be partly or completely filled in the wedge.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体既具有优良的吸声效果，同时兼具一定的结构强度。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment not only has an excellent sound-absorbing effect, but also has a certain structural strength.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体通过增加通孔金属骨架增加了尖劈结构的强度和刚度，以适应高静水压力环境。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment increases the strength and rigidity of the wedge structure by increasing the through-hole metal skeleton, so as to adapt to the high hydrostatic pressure environment.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体将通孔金属骨架嵌入吸声尖劈内部，与吸声尖劈的吸声材料(吸声橡胶或聚氨酯)形成互穿网状结构，使得吸声材料充满于金属骨架孔隙，两者紧密结合，此种改进增加了材料的阻尼损耗因子，进而增加了声波在尖劈内的损耗，从而提高了尖劈的减振吸声性能。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment embeds the through-hole metal skeleton inside the sound-absorbing wedge, and forms an interpenetrating network structure with the sound-absorbing material (sound-absorbing rubber or polyurethane) of the sound-absorbing wedge, so that the sound-absorbing material is filled with Because of the pores of the metal skeleton, the two are closely combined. This improvement increases the damping loss factor of the material, which in turn increases the loss of sound waves in the wedge, thereby improving the vibration and sound absorption performance of the wedge.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体形成的互穿网状结构存在大量非均匀声子晶体结构，形成局部共振、约束阻尼、材料的内摩擦等多种机理并存的吸声技术，在较宽频段内极大地增强材料的吸声效果；The interpenetrating network structure formed by the sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment has a large number of non-uniform phonon crystal structures, forming a sound-absorbing technology with multiple mechanisms such as local resonance, constrained damping, and internal friction of materials. The sound absorption effect of the material is greatly enhanced in the section;
本实施方式的吸声尖劈通过将互穿网状结构与尖劈空腔结构结合，形成强强联合的强吸声结构，可在低频及较宽频段内、较大静水压力下实现优异的吸声性能。The sound-absorbing wedge of this embodiment combines the interpenetrating network structure with the wedge-shaped cavity structure to form a strong sound-absorbing structure of strong combination, which can achieve excellent sound absorption in low frequency and wide frequency bands and under relatively large hydrostatic pressure. Sound absorption performance.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体基于现有的尖劈空腔形式，进行声学性能优化设计，得出本发明的空腔形式，其下部为圆台形，上部为矩形空腔，仿真结果表明含有此种空腔形式的尖劈，在1k～4kHz频段内，比现有的含空腔尖劈最小吸声系数提升了57％。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment is based on the existing wedge cavity form, and the acoustic performance optimization design is carried out, and the cavity form of the present invention is obtained. The lower part is a conical cavity, and the upper part is a rectangular cavity. The simulation results show that The wedge with the cavity form has a 57% improvement in the minimum sound absorption coefficient of the existing wedge with the cavity in the 1k-4kHz frequency band.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体结构形式简单，材料易于切割，可以适用不同使用位置的施工要求。The sound-absorbing wedge complex in this embodiment has a simple structure, and the material is easy to cut, and can be adapted to the construction requirements of different usage positions.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体适用于水下环境，如消声水池、舰艇的水声平台区域等。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment is suitable for underwater environments, such as anechoic pools, underwater acoustic platform areas of ships, and the like.
以艇体声呐舱内的实际应用为例，利用本实施方式的带金属骨架的空腔吸声尖劈复合体，采用胶粘剂将吸声尖劈复合体粘接到声呐平台区的后壁板以及将声呐平台区和上层建筑艏部分开的水平平台。胶粘剂要耐水并提供一定的粘接强度。为适应特殊部位施工，吸声尖劈在裁剪时应尽量少破坏内部空腔。Taking the actual application in the sonar cabin of the hull as an example, using the cavity sound-absorbing wedge complex with metal skeleton in this embodiment, the sound-absorbing wedge complex is bonded to the rear wall plate and the sonar platform area with adhesives. Horizontal platform separating the sonar platform area from the bow of the superstructure. The adhesive should be water resistant and provide some bond strength. In order to adapt to the construction of special parts, the sound-absorbing wedge should damage the internal cavity as little as possible when cutting.
实施方式二Implementation mode two
本实施方式是对实施方式一中的基部1与尖部2进一步限定，本实施方式中基部1与尖部2 的高度比为1:4～1:5。This embodiment is further limited to the base portion 1 and the tip portion 2 in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the height ratio of the base portion 1 to the tip portion 2 is 1:4˜1:5.
本实施方式中限定的基部1与尖部2的高度比为1:4～1:5，并且其中基部1与尖部2的高度比为1：4时效果最好。以上参数均是通过仿真优化，得出的在工作频段内吸声系数曲线最优的结果。The height ratio of the base part 1 to the tip part 2 defined in this embodiment is 1:4-1:5, and the effect is best when the height ratio of the base part 1 to the tip part 2 is 1:4. The above parameters are all optimized by simulation to obtain the optimal result of the sound absorption coefficient curve in the working frequency band.
实施方式三Implementation Mode Three
本实施方式是对实施方式一至二中任意实施方式的吸声尖劈B的尺寸比例进一步限定，本实施方式中圆台形空腔22和长条形空腔23的高度之和与吸声尖劈B的高度之比为3:5；圆台形空腔22和长条形空腔23的高度之比2:1。This embodiment is to further limit the size ratio of the sound-absorbing wedge B in any of the first to second embodiments. In this embodiment, the sum of the heights of the frustum-shaped cavity 22 and the elongated cavity 23 is equal to The height ratio of B is 3:5; the height ratio of the frustum-shaped cavity 22 and the strip-shaped cavity 23 is 2:1.
本实施方式限定的吸声尖劈B的尺寸比例，以上比例是通过仿真优化，得出的在工作频段内吸声系数曲线最优的结果。The size ratio of the sound-absorbing wedge B defined in this embodiment, the above-mentioned ratio is the result obtained through simulation optimization to obtain the optimal sound absorption coefficient curve in the working frequency band.
实施方式四Implementation Mode Four
本实施方式是对实施方式一至三中任意实施方式的尖劈复合体的高度进一步限定，本实施方式中尖劈复合体的高度为110mm～190mm。This embodiment further limits the height of the wedge complex in any of the first to third embodiments, and the height of the wedge complex in this embodiment is 110 mm to 190 mm.
本实施方式限定的尖劈复合体的高度为110mm～190mm，可以满足不同的使用情况，可以根据不同的使用位置、使用要求、使用环境等选用不同尺寸的尖劈复合体。The height of the wedge complex defined in this embodiment is 110 mm to 190 mm, which can meet different usage conditions, and wedge complexes of different sizes can be selected according to different usage positions, usage requirements, and usage environments.
实施方式五Implementation Mode Five
本实施方式是对实施方式一至四中任意实施方式的吸声底板A的厚度进一步限定，本实施方式中吸声底板A的厚度为10mm～20mm。This embodiment is to further limit the thickness of the sound-absorbing floor A in any one of the first to fourth embodiments. In this embodiment, the thickness of the sound-absorbing floor A is 10 mm to 20 mm.
本实施方式限定的吸声底板A的厚度为10mm～20mm，吸声底板的目的是封堵吸声尖劈底部，保证吸声尖劈空腔密闭不透水，吸声底板的厚度范围是综合考虑仿真结果、工程应用、安装空间等条件而得出的。The thickness of the sound-absorbing floor A defined in this embodiment is 10 mm to 20 mm. The purpose of the sound-absorbing floor is to block the bottom of the sound-absorbing wedge and ensure that the cavity of the sound-absorbing wedge is airtight and impermeable. The thickness range of the sound-absorbing floor is a comprehensive consideration Based on simulation results, engineering applications, installation space and other conditions.
实施方式六Embodiment Six
本实施方式是对实施方式一至五中任意实施方式的金属骨架C的厚度进一步限定，本实施方式中金属骨架C的厚度为3mm～5mm。In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal skeleton C in any one of the first to fifth embodiments is further limited. In this embodiment, the thickness of the metal skeleton C is 3 mm to 5 mm.
本实施方式限定的金属骨架C的厚度为3mm～5mm，该范围是通过仿真优化，得出的在工作频段内吸声系数曲线最优的结果。The thickness of the metal frame C defined in this embodiment is 3 mm to 5 mm, and this range is the result obtained through simulation optimization to obtain the optimal sound absorption coefficient curve in the working frequency band.
实施方式七Implementation Mode Seven
本实施方式是对实施方式一至六中任意实施方式的金属骨架C的材料进一步限定，本实施方式中金属骨架C为通孔泡沫钛或者通孔泡沫铝。This embodiment is to further limit the material of the metal skeleton C in any of the first to sixth embodiments. In this embodiment, the metal skeleton C is through-hole foamed titanium or through-hole foamed aluminum.
本实施方式限定的金属骨架C为通孔泡沫钛或者通孔泡沫铝，该泡沫金属都具有密度小、比表面积大、隔音降噪效果好等优点，其中，通孔泡沫钛在比强度、耐腐蚀性等方面优于通孔泡沫铝，但成本较高。The metal skeleton C defined in this embodiment is through-hole foamed titanium or through-hole foamed aluminum. The metal foam has the advantages of small density, large specific surface area, and good sound insulation and noise reduction effects. Among them, the through-hole foamed titanium has the advantages of specific strength, durability Corrosion and other aspects are better than through-hole foamed aluminum, but the cost is higher.
实施方式八Embodiment Eight
本实施方式是对实施方式一至七中任意实施方式的吸声底板A和吸声尖劈B的材料进一步限定，本实施方式中吸声底板A和吸声尖劈B的材料均为高分子粘弹性材料，优选为吸声橡胶或者聚氨酯。This embodiment is to further limit the materials of the sound-absorbing floor A and the sound-absorbing wedge B in any of the embodiments 1 to 7. The elastic material is preferably sound-absorbing rubber or polyurethane.
本实施方式限定吸声底板A的材料为高分子粘弹性材料，利用高分子材料的粘弹内耗性能，将吸收的声能或机械能转变为热能耗散，其中吸声橡胶或者聚氨酯具有较高的阻尼机制，且易于成型加工，具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。In this embodiment, the material of the sound-absorbing floor A is a polymer viscoelastic material, and the viscoelastic internal friction performance of the polymer material is used to convert the absorbed sound energy or mechanical energy into thermal energy for dissipation. Among them, the sound-absorbing rubber or polyurethane has a higher Damping mechanism, easy to form and process, and has excellent corrosion resistance.
同时，本实施方式在具有优异吸声性能的聚氨酯弹性体或橡胶材料中，引入金属骨架，将材料的耐压性、阻尼性能和吸声性能分配到金属骨架和吸声材料两种材料上，这样两种材料可以发挥各自的优势。At the same time, this embodiment introduces a metal skeleton into the polyurethane elastomer or rubber material with excellent sound-absorbing performance, and distributes the pressure resistance, damping performance and sound-absorbing performance of the material to the metal skeleton and the sound-absorbing material. In this way, the two materials can play their respective advantages.
实施方式九Implementation Mode Nine
本实施方式是对实施方式一至八中任意实施方式的尖部单元21的顶端形状进一步限定，本实施方式中尖部单元21的顶端为平头或尖头。In this embodiment, the shape of the tip of the tip unit 21 in any of the first to eighth embodiments is further limited. In this embodiment, the tip of the tip unit 21 is flat or pointed.
本实施方式限定尖部单元21的顶端为平头或尖头，可根据尖劈的使用环境和用途等方面综合选用，其中在高静水压力下，平头的尖部与水的接触面积相对较大，分散水压力的效果更好最好。In this embodiment, the top of the tip unit 21 is limited to be flat or pointed, which can be selected comprehensively according to the use environment and purposes of the wedge, wherein under high hydrostatic pressure, the contact area between the flat tip and the water is relatively large. The effect of dispersing water pressure is better and the best.
实施方式十Embodiment ten
本实施方式是在实施方式一上进一步限定各构件的具体参数，本实施方式中吸声尖劈复合体的总高度为120mm，吸声底板厚度为20mm，吸声尖劈高度100mm。其中吸声尖劈实体 7的高度为20mm，8的高度为80mm；尖劈空腔5的高度为40mm，6的高度为20mm。This embodiment is to further limit the specific parameters of each component on the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the total height of the sound-absorbing wedge complex is 120mm, the thickness of the sound-absorbing bottom plate is 20mm, and the height of the sound-absorbing wedge is 100mm. Wherein the height of sound-absorbing wedge entity 7 is 20mm, and the height of 8 is 80mm; The height of wedge cavity 5 is 40mm, and the height of 6 is 20mm.
本实施方式中吸声底板A和吸声尖劈B的材质均为聚氨酯材料，吸声底板A和吸声尖劈 B采用万能强力胶进行连接，金属骨架为3D打印通孔泡沫钛。In this embodiment, the materials of the sound-absorbing floor A and the sound-absorbing wedge B are both polyurethane materials, the sound-absorbing floor A and the sound-absorbing wedge B are connected by universal super glue, and the metal skeleton is 3D printed through-hole foam titanium.
本实施方式的吸声尖劈复合体，在3MPa静水压力下，在工作频段500-1000Hz内的最大吸声系数可达到0.6。The sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment has a maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.6 in the working frequency range of 500-1000 Hz under the hydrostatic pressure of 3 MPa.
实施方式十一Embodiment Eleven
本实施方式与实施例十的区别在于：吸声尖劈复合体的总高度为160mm，吸声底板厚度为10mm，吸声尖劈高度为150mm。其中吸声尖劈实体7的高度为30mm，8的高度为120mm；尖劈空腔5的高度为60mm，6的高度为30mm。The difference between this embodiment and Example 10 is that the total height of the sound-absorbing wedge complex is 160 mm, the thickness of the sound-absorbing floor is 10 mm, and the height of the sound-absorbing wedge is 150 mm. Wherein the height of sound-absorbing wedge entity 7 is 30mm, the height of 8 is 120mm; the height of wedge cavity 5 is 60mm, and the height of 6 is 30mm.
本实施方式的的吸声尖劈复合体，在3MPa静水压力下，在工作频段500-1000Hz内的最大吸声系数可达到0.8。Under the hydrostatic pressure of 3 MPa, the sound-absorbing wedge complex of this embodiment can have a maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.8 in the working frequency range of 500-1000 Hz.
实施方式十二Embodiment 12
本实施方式与实施例十一的区别在于：金属骨架是采用的通孔泡沫铝。The difference between this embodiment and the eleventh embodiment is that the metal framework is aluminum foam with through holes.
虽然本发明已以较佳的实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做各种改动和修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
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