CN107492907B - Control device with PID (proportion integration differentiation) inhibition and restoration functions and control method thereof - Google Patents
Control device with PID (proportion integration differentiation) inhibition and restoration functions and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control device with PID inhibition and repair functions and a control method thereof, which are characterized in that: the control device comprises a controller, an adjustable direct-current voltage AC/DC power supply, a diode D, a current limiting resistor R, a voltage sensor VT1 and a voltage sensor VT2; a switch K1 is connected in series between the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array and the current limiting resistor R, and one end of the switch K1, which is far away from the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array, is connected with the output cathodes of the 2 nd path of photovoltaic array to the n th path of photovoltaic array through switches K2-Kn respectively; according to the invention, through one control device, all photovoltaic modules with PID effect in the photovoltaic array can be repaired and inhibited, and the photovoltaic modules are automatically switched, so that the structure is simple and the cost is low; the star connection capacitor or resistor is not required to be additionally added, the fault point of the system is not increased, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a control device with PID (proportion integration differentiation) inhibition and restoration functions and a control method thereof.
Background
PID (Potential Induced Degradation potential induced attenuation) effect refers to the phenomenon that the performance of a photovoltaic cell panel is reduced due to passivation of the surface of the cell due to the fact that leakage current exists between glass and packaging materials and a large amount of charges are accumulated on the surface of the cell under the action of high voltage for a long time, and the phenomenon that the performance of the photovoltaic cell panel is reduced is caused due to the action of negative high voltage of the photovoltaic cell panel is common.
At present, schemes for preventing PID effect of photovoltaic systems are mainly divided into two types: one is an online PID prevention scheme, namely, a suppression device works together with a photovoltaic module to suppress the generation of PID effect of the photovoltaic module; the other is off-line, i.e. when the photovoltaic module is not working, the damaged photovoltaic module is repaired.
The online PID prevention scheme can not repair the photovoltaic module with the PID effect, and the offline photovoltaic module can repair the damaged photovoltaic module, but can not inhibit the PID effect, if the two PID prevention schemes are adopted at the same time, the cost is high, and additional devices are required to be added to switch the working modes, so that the structure is complex.
In the prior art document, the patent number is 201710180324.1, and the patent name is: the control device and the control method with PID effect inhibiting and repairing functions have the inhibiting and repairing functions, but the negative electrode is indirectly greater than or equal to 0 to the ground potential through a method of lifting the neutral point potential of the alternating current side, so that the alternating current side transformer is required to adopt a star connection method, and the transformer which does not adopt the star connection method needs to be additionally added with a capacitor or a resistor of the star connection method to play a role of the neutral point N of the virtual transformer, so that the cost and the fault point of a system are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions and the control method thereof, solves the problem that the online PID prevention scheme cannot restore the generated PID effect and the offline restoration scheme cannot inhibit the generation of the PID effect, and does not increase the fault points of the system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a controlling means with PID suppresses and repair function, is applied to the photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the photovoltaic grid-connected system includes 1-n way photovoltaic power generation inversion system, with the transformer that every way photovoltaic power generation inversion system's output links to each other and the electric wire netting that links to each other with the transformer, every way photovoltaic power generation inversion system all includes interconnect's photovoltaic array and dc-to-ac converter, its characterized in that: the control device comprises a controller, an adjustable direct-current voltage AC/DC power supply, a diode D, a current limiting resistor R, a voltage sensor VT1 and a voltage sensor VT2; the three-phase input end of the AC/DC power supply is connected with the three-phase output end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; the positive pole DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is connected to the output negative pole PV-of the photovoltaic array through a current limiting resistor R, the negative pole DC-of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is grounded to PE, the control end of the AC/DC power supply is connected with the controller, and the AC/DC power supply provides power for the controller;
the anode of the diode D is connected with the cathode DC-connected with the anode of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply, and the cathode of the diode D is connected with the anode DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply;
the input end of the positive electrode of the voltage sensor VT1 is connected with the output positive electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the input end of the negative electrode is grounded to PE; the positive input end of the voltage sensor VT2 is connected with the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the negative input end is grounded to PE; the output ends of the voltage sensor VT1 and the voltage sensor VT2 are respectively connected with a controller and are used for detecting the voltage to the ground PE of the positive electrode PV+ and the negative electrode voltage PV-output by the current photovoltaic array;
the switch K1 is connected in series between the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array and the current limiting resistor R, one end of the switch K1, which is far away from the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array, is connected with the output cathodes of the 2 nd path of photovoltaic array through the switches K2-Kn, the switches K1, K2-Kn are maintenance switches, when the control device works normally, all the switches are closed, and when the control device needs to be overhauled, all the switches are opened.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the controller remotely controls the on-off of the switches K1-Kn through a wireless communication interface.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the switches K1-Kn are contactors or relays.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the control device further comprises a current sensor CT and a relay K which are respectively connected with the controller, and the current sensor CT and the relay K are connected with the current limiting resistor R in series.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the control device further comprises a fuse F connected in series with the current limiting resistor R.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the control device also comprises a GPS module connected with the controller and used for sending time information to the controller in real time.
The control device with the PID inhibition and restoration functions is characterized in that: the controller is an STM32 microprocessor.
A control method with PID inhibition and repair functions is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) When the photovoltaic grid-connected system works normally, the controller controls all the switches K1-Kn to be closed, the voltage of the positive electrode and the negative electrode output by the first path of photovoltaic array to the ground PE is PV+ and PV-according to the detection of the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2, when the PV+ is smaller than a protection value, the control device works normally and goes to the step 2), otherwise, all the switches K1-Kn are disconnected for maintenance;
2) The controller controls the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with adjustable direct current voltage, so that the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of the first path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0, and then the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of each path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0;
3) When the output voltage of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array to the ground PE is detected to be smaller than 0, the controller controls the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct current voltage, so that the output voltage of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array to the ground PE is more than or equal to 0, and the PID phenomenon is inhibited;
4) If the voltage between the photovoltaic arrays PV+ and PV-is detected to be continuously 0 by the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2, the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct current voltage is regulated to be larger than 0 by the controller, namely, a forward voltage is obtained between the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array and PE, and the photovoltaic assembly with the PID effect is repaired.
The control method with the PID inhibition and repair functions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the control device automatically switches to inhibit or repair the PID effect according to the time information sent by the GPS module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Through the control device P-BOX, all photovoltaic modules with PID effect in the photovoltaic arrays (1, 2 … … n) can be repaired and restrained, and the photovoltaic module has a simple structure and low cost;
2) The working mode of the control device is that the positive and negative voltage of the output end of the photovoltaic array and the GPS clock are detected by the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2 and the GSP module to carry out PID repair or inhibit automatic switching, so that the system cost is reduced;
3) The invention has simple structure and low cost, does not need to additionally increase the capacitance or resistance of the star connection method, does not increase the fault point of the system, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the control device and a photovoltaic grid-connected system;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a specific structure of the present control device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic grid-connected system comprises n paths of photovoltaic power generation inversion systems, a transformer connected with the output end of each path of photovoltaic power generation inversion system and a power grid connected with the transformer, wherein each path of photovoltaic power generation inversion system comprises a photovoltaic array and an inverter which are sequentially connected, the output positive electrode of the photovoltaic array PV is PV+, and the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array PV-. The P-BOX in the figure is the control device of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, a control device with PID inhibition and repair functions applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic grid-connected system includes a controller, an AC/DC power supply with adjustable direct voltage, a diode D, a current limiting resistor R, a voltage sensor VT1 and a voltage sensor VT2;
the three-phase input end of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct-current voltage is connected with the three-phase output end of the inverter or the three-phase input end of the transformer; the positive pole DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is connected to the output negative pole PV-of the photovoltaic array through a current limiting resistor R, the negative pole DC-of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is grounded PE, and the control end of the AC/DC power supply is connected with the controller; the AC/DC power supply with adjustable DC voltage provides power for the controller, and can provide one path of 24V DC output for the controller as power supply.
The current limiting resistor has the function of limiting the leakage current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode so as to prevent the direct grounding of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the current limiting resistor can prevent personnel from getting an electric shock risk when the output positive electrode of the photovoltaic array is grounded and short-circuited. The resistance is determined according to the highest direct current voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array and the limit that the earth leakage current of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not more than 30mA (the safety requirement in NB/T32004-2013), and in the embodiment, the highest direct current voltage 1500V between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array output is taken as an example, and the resistance of the current limiting resistor is not less than 1500V/30 mA=50kΩ.
The positive pole of the diode D is connected with the negative pole DC-connection of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply, the negative pole of the diode D is connected with the positive pole DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply, and when the output positive pole of the photovoltaic array is in short circuit fault, the damage caused by the reverse voltage born by the output of the AC/DC power supply can be avoided through the diode D. In this embodiment, the reverse withstand voltage of the diode should be not lower than 1000VDC, and 1200VDC is preferable for safety.
The input end of the positive electrode of the voltage sensor VT1 is connected with the output positive electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the input end of the negative electrode is grounded to PE; the positive input end of the voltage sensor VT2 is connected with the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the negative input end is grounded to PE; the output ends of the voltage sensor VT1 and the voltage sensor VT2 are respectively connected with the controller and are used for respectively detecting the voltage of the positive pole PV+ and the negative pole PV-to-PE output by the current photovoltaic array, the voltage range of the voltage sensor is not lower than the maximum voltage of the positive pole PV+ to PE output by the photovoltaic array or the negative pole PV-to-PE output by the photovoltaic array, the range of the voltage sensor is not lower than the highest voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole of the photovoltaic array in consideration of the possibility of occurrence of a positive pole to ground short circuit fault, and the range of the voltage sensor is not lower than-1500 VDC to +1500VDC for a direct current 1500V system, and the range of the voltage sensor can be +/-2000 VDC in consideration of safety and measurement precision.
A switch K1 is connected in series between the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array and the current limiting resistor R, one end of the switch K1, which is far away from the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array, is connected with the output cathodes of the 2 nd path of photovoltaic array through a switch K2 … Kn respectively, the switches K1 and K2 … … Kn are maintenance switches, and when the P-BOX works normally, all the switches are closed, so that photovoltaic modules with PID effect in all the photovoltaic arrays (1 and 2 … … n) can be repaired and restrained through a control device P-BOX; when the P-BOX needs to be overhauled, all the switches are disconnected, so that the effect of protecting the operation safety of overhaulers is achieved. The switches K1-Kn give on-off signal control through a wireless communication interface of a controller in the P-BOX control device. The switches K1-Kn are contactors or relays having a wireless communication interface.
The control device also comprises a GPS module connected with the controller and used for sending time information to the controller in real time.
In addition, the control device further comprises a current sensor CT and a relay K which are respectively connected with the controller, the current sensor CT and the relay K are connected in series with a current limiting resistor R and are connected between a diode D and a protection ground PE, the controller monitors the current of the output cathode of the photovoltaic array to the ground in real time through the current sensor CT, and when the current is higher than a set value or instant heavy current occurs, the controller sends a control signal to break the relay K so as to cut off the grounding of the cathode rapidly, and the safety of personnel is protected. The current measurement range of the CT sensor should be higher than 30mA, but is not excessively large so as not to affect the measurement accuracy. The relay K is a high-voltage direct-current relay, the withstand voltage value of the relay K is not less than half of the maximum voltage of the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic array, namely 750VDC, and the withstand voltage value can be 1000VDC in consideration of safety margin.
Further, the device also comprises a fuse F which is connected in series with the current limiting resistor R, when the current sensor CT and the relay K are in failure, and when the current is overlarge, the fuse F is fused, so that the safety of personnel is protected. The protection current of the fuse F should be set to be not active within 30mA, and rapidly open beyond 30 mA.
The controller is an STM32 microprocessor, and can be an STM32F103R8T6 microprocessor.
The output direct-current voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct-current voltage is 0-1000V.
A control method with PID inhibition and repair functions comprises the following steps:
1) When the photovoltaic grid-connected system works normally (namely works in a grid-connected power generation mode) or the GPS module knows that the time is daytime (the set working time), the controller controls all the switches K1-Kn to be closed, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output of the first path of photovoltaic array are detected to be PV+ and PV-according to the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2, when the PV+ is smaller than a protection value (the protection value is the highest voltage output by the photovoltaic array), the control device works normally and goes to the step 2), otherwise, all the switches K1-Kn are disconnected for maintenance;
2) The controller controls the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with adjustable direct current voltage, so that the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of the first path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0, and as the potentials of the output negative electrodes of all the photovoltaic arrays are the same, namely the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of each path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0;
3) The voltage on the current limiting resistor R is changed due to the possible change of the impedance to the ground of the photovoltaic array, so that the voltage of the PV-to-PE is influenced, when the voltage of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array to the ground PE is detected to be smaller than 0, the controller controls the output voltage of an AC/DC power supply with adjustable direct current voltage, so that the voltage of the output negative electrode of the first photovoltaic array to the ground PE is more than or equal to 0, and the PID phenomenon is inhibited;
4) If the voltage between the first path of photovoltaic arrays PV+ and PV-is detected to be 0 through the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2 (generally lasting more than 10 minutes to indicate that the photovoltaic grid-connected system stops working), or the time is known to be night (set stop working time) through the GPS module, because the output voltage of the photovoltaic arrays is 0 at this time, only the controller in the P-BOX is required to send out a voltage regulating signal to regulate the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct current voltage to be greater than 0, a forward voltage can be obtained between the negative electrode and PE, and because PE is connected with the frame of the photovoltaic arrays, namely, the positive voltage is equivalent to the voltage added between the negative electrode and the frame of the photovoltaic arrays, the forward voltage is opposite to the voltage direction causing the PID effect of the photovoltaic arrays, the PID effect degree of the photovoltaic arrays is different according to the PID effect degree of the end voltage of the photovoltaic arrays (the decrease degree of the photovoltaic arrays is measured according to VT1 and VT2 (compared with the output voltage in the normal state of the assemblies), and the repair of the photovoltaic assemblies can occur.
The invention has simple structure and low cost, does not need to additionally increase the capacitance or resistance of the star connection method, does not increase the fault point of the system, and has wide application prospect.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The control method with the PID inhibition and repair functions comprises a control device, wherein the control device comprises a controller, an adjustable direct-current voltage AC/DC power supply, a diode D, a current limiting resistor R, a voltage sensor VT1 and a voltage sensor VT2; the three-phase input end of the AC/DC power supply is connected with the three-phase output end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; the positive pole DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is connected to the output negative pole PV-of the photovoltaic array through a current limiting resistor R, the negative pole DC-of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply is grounded to PE, the control end of the AC/DC power supply is connected with the controller, and the AC/DC power supply provides power for the controller;
the anode of the diode D is connected with the cathode DC-connected with the anode of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply, and the cathode of the diode D is connected with the anode DC+ of the direct current output end of the AC/DC power supply;
the input end of the positive electrode of the voltage sensor VT1 is connected with the output positive electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the input end of the negative electrode is grounded to PE; the positive input end of the voltage sensor VT2 is connected with the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, and the negative input end is grounded to PE; the output ends of the voltage sensor VT1 and the voltage sensor VT2 are respectively connected with a controller and are used for detecting the voltage to the ground PE of the positive electrode PV+ and the negative electrode voltage PV-output by the current photovoltaic array;
the control device is characterized in that a switch K1 is connected in series between an output cathode of a first path of photovoltaic array and the current limiting resistor R, one end of the switch K1, which is far away from the output cathode of the first path of photovoltaic array, is connected with the output cathodes of the 2 nd path of photovoltaic array through switches K2-Kn respectively, the switches K1, K2-Kn are maintenance switches, when the control device works normally, all the switches are closed, and when the control device needs to be overhauled, all the switches are disconnected: the control method comprises the following steps:
1) When the photovoltaic grid-connected system works normally, the controller controls all the switches K1-Kn to be closed, the voltage of the positive electrode and the negative electrode output by the first path of photovoltaic array to the ground PE is PV+ and PV-according to the detection of the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2, when the PV+ is smaller than a protection value, the control device works normally and goes to the step 2), otherwise, all the switches K1-Kn are disconnected for maintenance;
2) The controller controls the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with adjustable direct current voltage, so that the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of the first path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0, and then the PE voltage of the output negative electrode of each path of photovoltaic array to the ground is more than or equal to 0;
3) When the output voltage of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array to the ground PE is detected to be smaller than 0, the controller controls the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct current voltage, so that the output voltage of the output negative electrode of the photovoltaic array to the ground PE is more than or equal to 0, and the PID phenomenon is inhibited;
4) If the voltage between the photovoltaic arrays PV+ and PV-is detected to be continuously 0 by the voltage sensors VT1 and VT2, the output voltage of the AC/DC power supply with the adjustable direct current voltage is regulated to be larger than 0 by the controller, namely, a forward voltage is obtained between the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array and PE, and the photovoltaic assembly with the PID effect is repaired.
2. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control device automatically switches to inhibit or repair the PID effect according to the time information sent by the GPS module.
3. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller remotely controls the on-off of the switches K1-Kn through a wireless communication interface.
4. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the switches K1-Kn are contactors or relays.
5. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control device further comprises a current sensor CT and a relay K which are respectively connected with the controller, and the current sensor CT and the relay K are connected with the current limiting resistor R in series.
6. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control device further comprises a fuse F connected in series with the current limiting resistor R.
7. The control method with PID inhibition and repair function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller is an STM32 microprocessor.
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| CN108011583B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-01-21 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | A device for suppressing PID effects |
| EP3567692B1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2021-09-29 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Apparatus to increase the reliability and the service life time of photovoltaic (pv) modules |
| US11258261B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2022-02-22 | Solaredge Technologies Ltd. | Systems and methods to increase the reliability and the service life time of photovoltaic (PV) modules |
| WO2020144696A1 (en) * | 2019-01-13 | 2020-07-16 | Vigdu V Technologies Ltd | A dc-shift method and device for reducing potential-induced degradation (pid) |
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| CN112152260A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-29 | 科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation system PID effect repairing and inhibiting device |
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| CN118508511B (en) * | 2024-07-17 | 2024-10-22 | 浙江大学 | A PID effect repair circuit and control method based on photovoltaic inverter |
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