CN107482315B - Broadband flat gain laminated dielectric patch antenna - Google Patents
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- CN107482315B CN107482315B CN201710599856.9A CN201710599856A CN107482315B CN 107482315 B CN107482315 B CN 107482315B CN 201710599856 A CN201710599856 A CN 201710599856A CN 107482315 B CN107482315 B CN 107482315B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种宽带平坦增益的层叠介质贴片天线，包括从下至上依次层叠设置的一层双面印刷有电路的印刷电路板、一层介质基板、三层介质片，所述三层介质片包括最上层的第一介质薄片、中间层的介质厚片、最下层的第二介质薄片，其中，所述第一介质薄片、所述第二介质薄片采用介电常数ε1的材料制作，所述介质厚片采用介电常数ε2的材料制作，ε1大于ε2，ε1为ε2的5倍以上。本发明相比于传统的介质谐振器天线有更高的增益和更低的剖面；相比于一般的介质贴片天线有更宽的带宽。
The invention discloses a broadband flat gain laminated dielectric patch antenna, comprising a layer of a printed circuit board with circuits printed on both sides, a layer of a dielectric substrate, and three layers of dielectric sheets, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. The dielectric sheet includes a first dielectric sheet in the uppermost layer, a thick dielectric sheet in the middle layer, and a second dielectric sheet in the lowermost layer, wherein the first dielectric sheet and the second dielectric sheet are made of materials with a dielectric constant ε1, The dielectric slab is made of a material with a dielectric constant ε2, ε1 is greater than ε2, and ε1 is more than 5 times that of ε2. Compared with the traditional dielectric resonator antenna, the present invention has higher gain and lower profile; compared with the general dielectric patch antenna, the invention has a wider bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a broadband flat gain laminated dielectric patch antenna.
Background
Because ohmic loss caused by metal is reduced, compared with the traditional microstrip metal patch antenna, the dielectric resonator antenna has higher radiation efficiency, and the characteristic is particularly remarkable in application to a millimeter wave frequency band. Meanwhile, the dielectric resonator antenna is flexible in design, and different materials and different thicknesses can be designed according to requirements. However, compared with the conventional metal microstrip patch antenna, the dielectric resonator antenna also has disadvantages, such as low gain and high profile, which limits the development and application.
Recently, researchers have proposed the concept of dielectric patch antennas. The antenna uses the thin dielectric patch with high dielectric constant to replace a metal patch in the structural design, and the radiation mechanism of the antenna is similar to that of a metal microstrip patch antenna, so that the dielectric patch antenna has high gain similar to that of the metal microstrip antenna and is about 2dB higher than that of a conventional dielectric resonator antenna, and meanwhile, the antenna has lower section height due to the thin dielectric patch. On the other hand, the dielectric patch antenna still belongs to the category of dielectric resonators, and the field mode distribution of the dielectric patch antenna is not different from that of the conventional dielectric resonator. Because there is no ohmic loss, the radiation efficiency is higher than that of a metal microstrip patch antenna (especially significant in the millimeter wave band).
Although the dielectric patch antenna has higher radiation efficiency than a metal microstrip patch antenna and higher gain than a conventional dielectric resonator antenna, the operating bandwidth is narrow. From the perspective that the radiation mechanism is similar to that of a metal microstrip patch, the bandwidth of the metal microstrip patch antenna is narrow, so that the working bandwidth of the dielectric patch antenna is limited; to the extent that they still fall into the category of dielectric resonators per se, high dielectric constant dielectric resonators have a relatively high Q value and thus also determine the bandwidth limitation of the dielectric patch antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a stacked dielectric patch antenna with broadband flat gain, which solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the laminated dielectric patch antenna with the flat gain of the broadband is constructed and comprises a printed circuit board, a dielectric substrate and three dielectric sheets, wherein the printed circuit board, the dielectric substrate and the dielectric sheets are sequentially laminated from bottom to top, the two sides of one layer are printed with circuits, the three dielectric sheets comprise a first dielectric sheet on the uppermost layer, a dielectric thick sheet on the middle layer and a second dielectric sheet on the lowermost layer, and the laminated dielectric patch antenna is characterized in that the first dielectric sheet and the second dielectric sheet are made of materials with dielectric constants of epsilon 1, the dielectric thick sheet is made of materials with dielectric constants of epsilon 2, epsilon 1 is larger than epsilon 2, and epsilon 1 is more than 5 times of epsilon 2. A wider bandwidth than a conventional dielectric patch can be obtained by adding the first and second dielectric sheets. The three layers of dielectric sheets, the dielectric substrate and the printed circuit board are all rectangular plate-shaped and are overlapped in center, the plane sizes of the three layers of dielectric sheets are the same, the plane sizes of the dielectric substrate and the printed circuit board are the same, and the plane sizes of the three layers of dielectric sheets are smaller than the plane sizes of the dielectric substrate and the printed circuit board.
The printed circuit board comprises a printed circuit board and is characterized in that a layer of metal ground is arranged on the top surface of the printed circuit board, a gap is formed in the vertical split surface of the layer of metal ground, a microstrip feeder line is arranged on the bottom surface of the printed circuit board, the microstrip feeder line extends from the center of one edge of the printed circuit board along the direction towards the opposite edge, and the projection of the gap on the bottom surface of the printed circuit board is vertically intersected with the microstrip feeder line.
The broadband flat gain laminated dielectric patch antenna has the following beneficial effects: compared with the traditional dielectric resonator antenna, the laminated dielectric patch antenna has higher gain and lower profile; compared with a common dielectric patch antenna, the antenna has wider bandwidth, can maintain stable gain in a passband, and is beneficial to forming an antenna array.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
fig. 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a stacked dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stacked dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent model diagram of a stacked dielectric patch antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of side length L1' of the lowermost dielectric patch versus reflectance;
FIG. 5 is a graph of height h4 of a dielectric patch of an intermediate layer versus reflectance;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating simulation and test results of the reflection coefficient and gain of an antenna in an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 7 is a simulated test pattern of the antenna in the E-plane and H-plane in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be named a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments in the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and the specific features in the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solution of the present application, and the technical features in the embodiments and the examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the broadband high-gain stacked dielectric patch antenna of the present invention includes, stacked in sequence from bottom to top: a printed circuit board 300 with circuits printed on both sides, a dielectric substrate 200, and three dielectric sheets 101 and 103. The three-layer media sheet 101-103 comprises a first media sheet 101 at the uppermost layer, a media thick sheet 102 at the middle layer, and a second media sheet 103 at the lowermost layer. The thicknesses of the five-layer structures of the printed circuit board 300, the dielectric substrate 200 and the three-layer dielectric sheet 101-103 from bottom to top are h 1-h 5 respectively, the five-layer structures are adhered together through thin glue water pressing, and the influence of the glue water on the antenna performance can be ignored.
The first dielectric sheet 101 and the second dielectric sheet 103 are made of materials with high dielectric constant epsilon 1, the dielectric thick sheet 102 is made of materials with low dielectric constant epsilon 2, epsilon 1 is far larger than epsilon 2, and epsilon 1 is more than 5 times of epsilon 2. Theoretically, the specific values of ε 1 and ε 2 are not limited as long as the ratio is large, and ε 1 is much larger than the dielectric constant of dielectric substrate 200.
In this embodiment, the three layers of dielectric sheets 101-103, the dielectric substrate 200, and the printed circuit board 300 are all rectangular plate-shaped and have their centers overlapped. In order to facilitate alignment during assembly, the thickness of the three-layer media sheet can be modified to make the planar dimensions of the three-layer media sheets 101-103 the same, which are L1 × L1. For simple design and manufacture, the dielectric substrate 200 and the printed circuit board 300 are both designed by using the material of Rogers RO5880, and the planar dimensions of the dielectric substrate 200 and the printed circuit board 300 are the same, i.e., L3 × L3. In this embodiment, the planar dimensions of the three-layer dielectric sheet 101-103 are smaller than the planar dimensions of the dielectric substrate 200 and the printed circuit board 300, i.e., L1 is smaller than L3.
Regarding the feeding of the antenna of the present invention, specifically, a layer of metal ground 303 is disposed on the top surface of the printed circuit board 300, and a slot 301 is disposed on the vertical bisection plane of the layer of metal ground 303, and the size of the slot 301 is S1 × S2. The bottom surface of the printed circuit board 300 is provided with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line 302, and the width of the microstrip feed line 302 is S3-1.5 mm, and the length thereof is L2-26 mm. Specifically, the microstrip feed line 302 extends from the center of one side of the printed circuit board 300 to exceed the slot 3013 mm in the direction toward the opposite side, that is, the projection of the slot 301 on the bottom surface of the printed circuit board 300 perpendicularly intersects with the microstrip feed line 302.
When selecting media with different dielectric constants, different quality factors Q can be obtained; when the dielectric constant of the selected medium is higher, the Q value is larger, the bandwidth of the resonator is narrower, the gain is slightly increased, but along with the change of frequency, the gain is rapidly reduced, and the performance of the dielectric patch antenna is very similar to that of a metal patch antenna; as the dielectric constant decreases, the Q value decreases and the bandwidth of the antenna widens, and although the maximum gain decreases, a higher level can be maintained in a wider frequency band. In one embodiment, the materials shown in Table 1 are selected to design the antenna, taking into account both bandwidth and gain. Secondly, in order to facilitate the transfer and the test, the processing flexibility of the dielectric antenna is utilized, and different thicknesses are selected to ensure that the plane sizes of the laminated structure are kept consistent, so that the alignment difficulty during assembly is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the plane size of the antenna is smaller than that of the metal patch, and meanwhile, the feed structure is simple and the array is convenient to form.
TABLE 1
| Parameters | h1 | h2 | h3 | h4 | h5 | L1 | ε1 |
| Values/mm | 0.508 | 1.016 | 1 | 0.5 | 5 | 14.5 | 69 |
| Parameters | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | L2 | L3 | ε2 |
| Values/mm | 8.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 3 | 26 | 45 | 5.7 |
The principle of the embodiment is as follows: a thick sheet of dielectric designed with a lower dielectric constant is sandwiched between two thin sheets of dielectric with a high dielectric constant. Since the difference between these two dielectric constants is sufficiently large, about 5 times or more of the difference can be made to equate the interface with an ideal magnetic wall. A ground plane located below the dielectric sheet may then be equivalent to an ideal electrical wall. Therefore, the stacked dielectric patch antenna proposed by the present invention can be equivalent to an analysis model as shown in fig. 3. Because of this particular boundary condition, the TE11 modes at two different frequencies can be excited separately at the same time. The parameter scans of two key parameters of this antenna are given in fig. 4 and 5, while keeping the other parameters fixed. The reflection coefficient when only the side length of the second dielectric sheet 103 is changed to L1 'is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that, when the size of L1' is increased from 13.5mm to 15.5mm, the resonance point of the low frequency is gradually shifted toward the low frequency while the resonance point of the high frequency is kept constant. The reflection coefficients of the intermediate layer dielectric slabs at different heights are given in fig. 5, and it can be seen that as h4 is gradually increased, the resonance point of the high frequency is gradually shifted to the low frequency while the resonance point of the low frequency is kept constant. However, if either material is changed, the change in dielectric constant will cause a change in boundary conditions, affecting both resonant frequencies. This phenomenon also demonstrates that the two resonance frequencies are related to boundary conditions. The significance of the design is that two resonance points can be independently controlled, and the design of the antenna is facilitated.
To verify the above design, simulation and test results of reflection coefficient and gain are given in fig. 6, and it can be seen from the figure that the impedance bandwidth reaches 18.2%, from 5GHz to 6GHz, which is slightly smaller than the simulation result, mainly probably due to the antenna mismatch problem caused by the assembly. The tested gain can reach 7.2dBi on average in the whole frequency band. Fig. 7 shows the directional diagrams of the antenna at 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz (the upper two are 5.2GHz and the lower two are 5.8GHz), the dotted lines in the diagram represent simulation results, the solid lines represent test results, it can be seen that the test results are similar to the simulation results, the cross polarization during the test is less than-20 dB on both the E plane and the H plane, and the right graph is the directional diagram of the main polarization of the H plane, which is symmetrical. The left hand figure is the main polarization pattern of the E-plane, slightly asymmetric, which may be due to the lateral feed ports.
It can be seen that the antenna designed by the embodiment can obtain an impedance bandwidth of 18.2%, | S11| < -10dB, the average gain reaches 7.2dBi in the band, the antenna has a stable directional diagram, a wide impedance matching and a high gain, and meanwhile, the feed structure is simple and the array formation is easy. Because the antenna does not use metal as a radiating element, the design concept can also be applied to a millimeter wave system.
In summary, the broadband high-gain stacked dielectric patch antenna of the present invention has the following advantages: the antenna has higher gain and lower profile compared with a common dielectric resonator antenna; compared with the traditional dielectric patch antenna, the broadband antenna has wider bandwidth and flatter gain.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a broadband flat gain's range upon range of medium paster antenna, its characterized in that, the structure includes from the one deck double-sided printed circuit board, one deck medium base plate, the three-layer medium piece that stacks gradually from bottom to top and sets up, the three-layer medium piece includes the first medium thin slice of the topmost, the medium thick slice of intermediate level, the second medium thin slice of the lower floor, wherein, first medium thin slice, the second medium thin slice adopts the material preparation of dielectric constant epsilon 1, the medium thick slice adopts the material preparation of dielectric constant epsilon 2, epsilon 1 is greater than epsilon 2, epsilon 1 is more than 5 times of epsilon 2, first medium thin slice has constituted first medium resonator structure with the medium thick slice, and second medium thin slice and medium base plate have constituted second medium resonator structure.
2. The broadband flat gain stacked dielectric patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein planar dimensions of the three dielectric sheets are the same, planar dimensions of the dielectric substrate and the printed circuit board are the same, and planar dimensions of the three dielectric sheets are smaller than those of the dielectric substrate and the printed circuit board.
3. The broadband flat gain stacked dielectric patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a metal ground is formed on a top surface of the printed circuit board, and a slot is formed on a vertical bisection plane of the metal ground, a microstrip feed line is formed on a bottom surface of the printed circuit board, the microstrip feed line extends from a center of one edge of the printed circuit board in a direction toward an opposite edge, and a projection of the slot on the bottom surface of the printed circuit board perpendicularly intersects the microstrip feed line.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10892544B2 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2021-01-12 | Rogers Corporation | Dielectric resonator antenna having first and second dielectric portions |
| US20210057809A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2021-02-25 | Kyocera Corporation | Antenna, communication module, and street lamp |
| CN110011028B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-09-18 | 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 | Antenna system, communication terminal and base station |
| CN109687112A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-26 | 南通大学 | A kind of miniaturization dielectric patch antenna |
| CN110247186B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-01-01 | 西安电子科技大学 | A wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN110957565B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-05-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | A broadband polarized reconfigurable high-gain antenna for 5G base stations |
| CN111525244B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-10-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | Millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna array for communication of Internet of vehicles |
| CN111900542A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-06 | 南京信息工程大学 | High-frequency high-gain broadband dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112259958B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-03-08 | 西安交通大学 | Single-feed double-frequency double-circular-polarization millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112928448B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-05-26 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna structure and electronic equipment |
| CN116780181B (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2024-09-06 | 中天射频电缆有限公司 | Differential broadband bidirectional radiation dielectric patch resonator antenna |
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| KR20120088484A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-08-08 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Antenna structure using multilayered substrate |
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