CN107478909A - A kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model and its system - Google Patents
A kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model and its system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107478909A CN107478909A CN201710586409.XA CN201710586409A CN107478909A CN 107478909 A CN107478909 A CN 107478909A CN 201710586409 A CN201710586409 A CN 201710586409A CN 107478909 A CN107478909 A CN 107478909A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/20—Measuring earth resistance; Measuring contact resistance, e.g. of earth connections, e.g. plates
- G01R27/205—Measuring contact resistance of connections, e.g. of earth connections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system.Including the data acquisition module for data acquisition process;Microprocessor for the data of processing data acquisition module;Microprocessor is connected with a monitoring unit;The first temperature sensor for the temperature data acquisition of microprocessor electric-controlled plate;Second temperature sensor for the collection of monitor external temperature data;The d GPS locating module that position for system electric control plate positions;Voltage-to-ground acquisition module and current acquisition module over the ground for thunder and lightning electric signal data sampling.The present invention have on-line testing, non-cpntact measurement, ground wire punching by, without from prison, in real time monitoring, using wire communication or wireless communication transmissions data, realize remote online monitoring;With the characteristic such as anti-rain, dust-proof, high-low temperature resistant, anti-corrosion, fire-retardant, it is ensured that under field, mine, the high accuracy of on-line monitoring, high stability, the high reliability for a long time such as interior.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intelligent lightning protecting technical field, more particularly to a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model and its is
System.
Background technology
Continued to develop as China's city size constantly expands with power industry, taiwan area quantity is growing day by day.Relative to not
The disconnected taiwan area quantity increased sharply, corresponding monitor between areas management are increasingly had too many difficulties to cope with.Therefore, power industry is a large amount of there is an urgent need to install
Automation equipment, for help to take in time the electricity charge, ensure equipment safety operation, ensure user's normal electricity consumption.
At present, taiwan area real-time monitoring system in China's reaches its maturity, but the measurement of grounding resistance is a big breach.Taiwan area is grounded
Whether good line ground connection is, is directly connected to the safety utilization of electric power of user.If imperfect earth, consumer electronics equipment, weight are gently then damaged
Then can a series of unnecessary losses such as fire hazard.Therefore grounding resistance monitoring is carried out, and ensures national product life
Important measure.
Traditional grounding resistance measurement needs to use megger, beyond 20 meters away from earth point scope plug crooked chisel, with shaking
Table measures.Not only efficiency is very low, and needs power failure operation, have impact on user's normal electricity consumption.
Existing grounding resistance measurement terminal uses voltage current transformer, by excitation coil, a specific frequency
The voltage signal of specific amplitude is coupled on ground wire, and an electromotive force, this electromotive force divided by grounding resistance are produced in ground wire
Value, obtains the current value of specific frequency, and this electric current produces response current by responding coil, then big by measuring response current
It is small and draw grounding resistance size.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model and its system, by radio communication,
Multi-faceted data acquisition and the remotely monitor for carrying out data, the application of on-line computing model is improved, using safety.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention is a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model, including monitor body, the table of monitor body one
Middle face is provided with an insertion mounting hole and some screwed holes;The opposite sides face of monitor body one is cambered surface;The monitoring
Four corners of the week side of boss of instrument body are plane;The screwed hole on the surface of monitor body one be respectively cooperating with the first support foot plate and
Second support foot plate;Second support foot plate is a trapezoidal plate structure;First support foot plate is a plate structure, described first
The one side of support foot plate is cambered surface.
Further, the surface of one surface of the first support foot plate one is provided with the first through hole coordinated with screwed hole;It is described
The surface of second support foot plate one is provided with the second through hole coordinated with screwed hole;The first fixing hole is provided with first support foot plate;
The second fixing hole is provided with second support foot plate.
Further, the week side of boss of the monitor body is fixed with an aviation plug, is connected with power supply adaptor.
The insertion mounting hole of monitor body coordinates with aerial pilum;Described aerial pilum one end is fixed with extension pilum;
Connect to form aerial earth wire by aerial cable between adjacent two aerial pilums.
A kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system, including:Data acquisition module for data acquisition process;For
The microprocessor of the data of processing data acquisition module;Wherein, the microprocessor is connected with a monitoring unit;For microprocessor
First temperature sensor of the temperature data acquisition of device electric-controlled plate;Second temperature for the collection of monitor external temperature data passes
Sensor;The d GPS locating module that position for system electric control plate positions;Voltage-to-ground for thunder and lightning electric signal data sampling is adopted
Collect module and over the ground current acquisition module;Wherein, the temperature sensor of data collecting module collected first, second temperature sensing
Device, d GPS locating module voltage-to-ground acquisition module and the data message of current acquisition module over the ground;The microprocessor passes through one
Communication module enters the transmission of row information with early warning point.
Further, the data of the data collecting module collected by communication module by being passed again after microprocessor processes
It is defeated to arrive early warning point.
Further, the early warning point is terminal server.
Further, in addition to power module, the power module are system power supply.
Further, the communication module uses wireless WiFi communication module.
Monitoring principle:The general principle of measurement of Grounding Resistance is measuring loop resistance.Sensor is first to tested earth-return circuit
One excitation pulse signal, sense a pulse potential E on tested loop, will be produced in the presence of potential E in tested loop
Raw electric current I.Sensor measures to E and I, and passes through formula:R=E/I can obtain tested loop resistance.
The invention has the advantages that:
1st, the present invention have on-line testing, non-cpntact measurement, ground wire punching by, without from prison, in real time monitoring, use
RS485 wire communications or ZigBee wireless communication transmissions data, realize remote online monitoring.Monitor built-in sensors and circuit
Plate, aluminum hull shielding design, the anti-radar 100kA of monitor itself, inside is completely enclosed, have anti-rain, dust-proof, high-low temperature resistant,
The characteristic such as anti-corrosion, fire-retardant, it is ensured that under field, mine, the high accuracy of on-line monitoring, high stability, highly reliable for a long time such as interior
Property.
2nd, grounding resistance on-line computing model of the invention is grounded suitable for electric power line pole tower;Underground mine equipment ground;
Meteorological lightning protection;Petrochemical industry is grounded;Communication ground connection;Transformer and distribution power station is grounded;Rail facility is grounded;Build warehouse ground connection;Electricity
Gas equipment ground etc..
3rd, grounding resistance on-line computing model of the invention can be installed and used with single, can also set up into wired network system
Or Radio Network System uses.Wired network system transmits data by RS485 communications protocol, is monitored and analyzed by impedance ground
Instrument, monitoring software, power supply adaptor etc. form, and are suitable for closely grounding resistance monitoring.Radio Network System by RS485,
ZigBee communications protocol transmits data, by impedance ground monitoring analyzer, ZigBee transceiver modules, monitoring software, power adaptation
Device etc. forms, and is suitable for remote grounding resistance monitoring.Wired network system is suitable for closely interior monitoring, Radio Network System
Do not limited by distance.Monitoring software can gather grounding resistance in real time, and record data stores form automatically, facilitates history to look into
Ask, the situation of change of research and application point grounding resistance.
Certainly, any product for implementing the present invention it is not absolutely required to reach all the above advantage simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, used required for being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, on the premise of not paying creative work, it can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure schematic diagram of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the first support foot plate;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second support foot plate;
Fig. 5 is loop resistance schematic diagram;
Link position schematic diagrames of the Fig. 6 between down conductor and earth mat;
Fig. 7 is that line-of-sight course monitors schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is multipoint earthing system diagram;
Fig. 9 is Fig. 8 circuit equivalent schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is grounding resistance instrumentation plan;
Figure 11 is computer room, launching tower grounding monitor schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is building grounding monitor schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system structural representation of the present invention;
Figure 14 is a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the invention, it is to be understood that term " perforate ", " on ", " under ", " thickness ", " top ", " in ",
Indicating position or the position relationship such as " length ", " interior ", " surrounding ", it is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, without
It is that the component of instruction or hint meaning or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore not
It is understood that as limitation of the present invention.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1-4, the present invention is a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model, including monitor body 1, prison
Survey the surface middle part of instrument body 1 one and be provided with an insertion mounting hole 102 and some screwed holes 104;The opposite sides face of monitor body 1 one
For cambered surface 101;Four corners of the week side of boss of monitor body 1 are plane 103;
The screwed hole 104 on the surface of monitor body 1 one has been respectively cooperating with the first support foot plate 2 and the second support foot plate 3;Second
Sole 3 is a trapezoidal plate structure;First support foot plate 2 is a plate structure, and the one side of the first support foot plate 2 is cambered surface.
Wherein, the surface of 2 one surface of the first support foot plate one is provided with the first through hole 201 coordinated with screwed hole 104;Second
The surface of sole 3 one is provided with the second through hole 301 coordinated with screwed hole 104;The first fixing hole 4 is provided with first support foot plate 2;The
The second fixing hole 301 is provided with two support foot plates 3.
Wherein, the week side of boss of monitor body 1 is fixed with an aviation plug 5, is connected with power supply adaptor.
Wherein, the insertion mounting hole 102 of monitor body 1 coordinates with aerial pilum 7;Aerial one end of pilum 7, which is fixed with, prolongs
Stretch pilum 6;Aerial earth wire is formed by the connection of aerial cable 9 between adjacent two aerial pilums 7;The earth's surface that aerial pilum 7 is embedded to
Form earth mat.
As shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system, including:
Data acquisition module for data acquisition process;
Microprocessor for the data of processing data acquisition module;
Wherein, microprocessor is connected with a monitoring unit;
The first temperature sensor for the temperature data acquisition of microprocessor electric-controlled plate;
Second temperature sensor for the collection of monitor external temperature data;
The d GPS locating module that position for system electric control plate positions;
Voltage-to-ground acquisition module and current acquisition module over the ground for thunder and lightning electric signal data sampling;
Wherein, the temperature sensor of data collecting module collected first, second temperature sensor, d GPS locating module are electric over the ground
Press acquisition module and the over the ground data message of current acquisition module;
Microprocessor enters the transmission of row information by a communication module and early warning point.
Wherein, the data of data collecting module collected by communication module by being transferred to early warning again after microprocessor processes
Stand.
Wherein, early warning point is terminal server, and the data of detector are received by computer disposal.
Wherein, in addition to power module, power module are system power supply.
Wherein, communication module uses wireless WiFi communication module.
The general principle of measurement of Grounding Resistance is measuring loop resistance.Sensor is first to tested one excitation arteries and veins of earth-return circuit
Signal is rushed, senses a pulse potential E on tested loop, electric current I will be produced in tested loop in the presence of potential E.Pass
Sensor measures to E and I, and passes through formula:R=E/I can obtain tested loop resistance.
As shown in figure 5, loop resistance includes grounding resistance, the resistance of down conductor metallic conductor, the gold A points over the ground
Belong to connection resistance value (contact resistance) between the resistance of overhead line, down conductor and metal overhead line, the ground connection of B points over the ground
The integrated value of resistance value.Earthed system to forming above-mentioned loop, monitor monitoring can be mounted directly, if not forming loop
Earthed system form it into loop, it is necessary to increase auxiliary earth pole, then monitor is installed.
If the earth mat A that monitor tests out, the integrated value in earth mat B loops are 5 Europe, i.e.,:RA+RB+R overhead line+R grounding leads
Offline=5.0 Ω, the actual grounding resistance that earth mat A, earth mat B two are together in parallel over the ground are necessarily less than or equal to 2.5 Ω, according to
This may determine that whether the actual grounding resistance after earth mat A parallel connections earth mat B is qualified.If both earth mat A, earth mat B are added up
Grounding resistance be less than engineering specification required value, that earth mat A, earth mat B are qualified.
The connection resistance monitoring of metallic(return) circuit:
If earth mat A, earth mat B on the ground, under all link together, what monitor tested out is the resistance of metallic(return) circuit
Value, the general very little of its value, several ohm of zero point, here it is the connection resistance value of metallic(return) circuit, and isopotential electrical resistance, does not connect
Ground resistance value.So this monitor also can easily monitor the connection resistance value of metallic(return) circuit.
In large ground network, such as substation grounding, oil depot ground connection, building building ground connection etc., they are all one in underground
Individual overall large ground network, while there are more down conductors to draw ground, and also link together on the ground, it is as follows
Figure.For such giant ground system, its earth mat maximum diagonal arrives several kms apart from general hundreds of meters, big as test
The grounding resistance of type earth mat is very troublesome and difficult.If really having, its grounding resistance is unqualified, and that problem is also be grounded
Link position between downlead and earth mat, as shown in Figure 6;Engineered is exactly to excavate down conductor position, then is welded again
Down conductor.The whole net of underground can not possibly really be transformed, otherwise whole earth mat, ground surface works will all push over weight
Build, this is impossible, unless whole engineering is scrapped.So for large ground network, we can be in main down conductor and branch
Monitor is installed on down conductor, monitoring grounding downlead and ground it is off line between connection state can, by monitoring it
Metallic(return) circuit connection resistance value judges the ground connection situation of down conductor.
Single-point grounding system:
If if being not attached on the ground together without overhead line between earth mat A, earth mat B, then earth mat A, earth mat B are
Independent single-point grounding.Then monitor can not directly test the grounding resistance of single-point grounding system, can show that " OL " overflows symbol
Number, represent that the upper amount beyond monitor limits.Now need to increase one or two auxiliary earth polar, form loop, then monitoring is installed
Instrument., can be by the down conductor of each single-point grounding system for the closely interior single-point grounding system for having 2 or more than 2
Connected on the ground with metallic conductor, form loop, then the monitoring of this monitor is installed.
Line-of-sight course:
As shown in fig. 7, tested ground connection extremely A, two separately done auxiliarily extremely B, C.A, B, C connect on the ground in earth polar
It is connected together.One monitor is installed respectively on the down conductor of three earthing poles, can accurately test out the ground connection electricity of A points
Resistance.It is calculated as follows:
R1=RA+RB ∥ RC-------- (1);
R2=RB+RA ∥ RC-------- (2);
R3=RC+RA ∥ RB-------- (3).
Wherein:R1, R2, R3 are the monitoring result of monitor;RA, RB, RC are the grounding resistance of three earthing poles over the ground.
By being solved to above three equation with three unknowns, tested earthing pole RA grounding resistance can be accurately drawn, at the same it is it is also known that auxiliary
Help earth polar RB, RC grounding resistance and the point parallel connection of RA, RB, RC tri- after grounding resistance.
Line-of-sight course monitoring also brings another advantage:Because increased auxiliary earth polar B, C are to be parallel to tested earthing pole
A, the so actual grounding resistance after parallel connection can be less than RA, play a part of improving tested earthing pole.RA ∥ RB ∥ RC < RA.
During practice of construction, auxiliary earth polar B, C grounding resistance require control the 10 of tested earthed system engineering specification required value
Within times, if engine request grounding resistance is no more than 4 Ω, then RC < 40 Ω, RB < 40 Ω, certain RB, RC are smaller more
It is good, it can more improve tested earthed system.
Embodiment one:Transmission system tower grounding, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9;
They are connected by aerial earth wire, form multipoint earthing system, and monitoring is very convenient.Wherein:R1 is connecing for prediction
Ground resistance, R0 be all other shaft tower grounding resistance parallel connection after equivalent resistance, i.e. R0=R2 ∥ R3 ∥ R4 ∥ ... ∥ Rn, if
N bigger (earth point is more), R0 values can regard R0=0, so, monitor closer to 0, far smaller than R1 from engineering viewpoint
The data of gained should be just R1 value.Monitor can be installed to each shaft tower, while test the grounding resistance of each shaft tower
Value.
Embodiment two:Computer room, launching tower ground connection, as shown in figure 11;
Computer room, launching tower ground connection are usually in the wild independent, and both are connected, forms 2 loops, then install
Monitor, below figure.Also 2 auxiliary earth poles can be separately done, are monitored with line-of-sight course.
Embodiment three:Building is grounded, as shown in figure 12;
If R1~R6 ... Rn are independent grounding bodies in underground, are not attached to together, form multipoint earthing system, monitoring
Can very convenient monitoring grounding resistance value.If R1~R6 ... Rn are connected together in underground, for single-point grounding system, are surveyed
Ground resistance of trying is monitored by single-point grounding system, is mounted directly i.e. monitoring metallic(return) circuit resistance, it can be determined that ground connection situation
Quality.
For large-scale building earth mat, its ground state is monitored --- the equipotential value between down conductor and earth mat can
With.Because this kind of large ground network, if it only can be junction between down conductor and earth mat that ground connection, which is gone wrong, so monitoring is sentenced
Whether disconnected equipotential value is qualified.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " one embodiment ", " example ", " specific example " etc. means
At least one implementation of the present invention is contained in reference to specific features, structure, material or the feature that the embodiment or example describe
In example or example.In this manual, identical embodiment or example are not necessarily referring to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.
Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can close in any one or more embodiments or example
Suitable mode combines.
Present invention disclosed above preferred embodiment is only intended to help and illustrates the present invention.Preferred embodiment is not detailed
All details are described, it is only described embodiment also not limit the invention.Obviously, according to the content of this specification,
It can make many modifications and variations.This specification is chosen and specifically describes these embodiments, is to preferably explain the present invention
Principle and practical application so that skilled artisan can be best understood by and utilize the present invention.The present invention is only
Limited by claims and its four corner and equivalent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line computing model, including monitor body (1), it is characterised in that:The monitor body
(1) one surface middle part is provided with an insertion mounting hole (102) and some screwed holes (104);The monitor body (1) one relative two
Side is cambered surface (101);Four corners of the week side of boss of the monitor body (1) are plane (103);
The screwed hole (104) on the surface of monitor body (1) one has been respectively cooperating with the first support foot plate (2) and the second support foot plate
(3);Second support foot plate (3) is a trapezoidal plate structure;First support foot plate (2) is a plate structure, described first
The one side of support foot plate (2) is cambered surface.
A kind of 2. smart grounding resistance on-line computing model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first support foot plate
The surface of (2) one surface one is provided with the first through hole (201) coordinated with screwed hole (104);The surface of second support foot plate (3) one
It is provided with the second through hole (301) coordinated with screwed hole (104);The first fixing hole (4) is provided with first support foot plate (2);
The second fixing hole (301) is provided with second support foot plate (3).
A kind of 3. smart grounding resistance on-line computing model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the monitor body
(1) the week side of boss is fixed with an aviation plug (5).
A kind of 4. smart grounding resistance on-line computing model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the monitor body
(1) insertion mounting hole (102) coordinates with aerial pilum (7);Described aerial pilum (7) one end is fixed with extension pilum (6);Phase
Aerial earth wire is formed by aerial cable (9) connection between the aerial pilum (7) of neighbour two.
A kind of 5. smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system as described in claim 1-4 is any one, it is characterised in that including:
Data acquisition module for data acquisition process;
Microprocessor for the data of processing data acquisition module;
Wherein, the microprocessor is connected with a monitoring unit;
The first temperature sensor for the temperature data acquisition of microprocessor electric-controlled plate;
Second temperature sensor for the collection of monitor external temperature data;
The d GPS locating module that position for system electric control plate positions;
Voltage-to-ground acquisition module and current acquisition module over the ground for thunder and lightning electric signal data sampling;
Wherein, the temperature sensor of data collecting module collected first, second temperature sensor, d GPS locating module are electric over the ground
Press acquisition module and the over the ground data message of current acquisition module;
The microprocessor enters the transmission of row information by a communication module and early warning point.
A kind of 6. smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the data acquisition
The data of module collection by communication module by being transferred to early warning point again after microprocessor processes.
7. a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the early warning point is
Terminal server.
8. a kind of smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also including power supply mould
Block, the power module are system power supply.
A kind of 9. smart grounding resistance on-line monitoring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the communication module
Using wireless WiFi communication module.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108490316A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-09-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Intelligent distribution network grounding wire device and intelligent distribution network grounding wire grounding measurement system |
CN108693433A (en) * | 2018-05-20 | 2018-10-23 | 新能量科技股份有限公司 | A kind of ground-wire monitoring instrument |
CN110187187A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | A kind of ground resistance remote detecting system |
CN113176447A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-27 | 中铁武汉勘察设计院有限公司 | Grounding monitoring and early warning system and method for railway substation |
CN113740610A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-12-03 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司五河县供电公司 | High-voltage grounding resistance real-time on-line monitoring device |
CN113804973A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-17 | 北京清网华科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent safety interlocking system for grounding rod |
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CN113740610A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-12-03 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司五河县供电公司 | High-voltage grounding resistance real-time on-line monitoring device |
CN113740610B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2024-09-13 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司五河县供电公司 | High voltage grounding resistance real-time online monitoring device |
CN113176447A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-27 | 中铁武汉勘察设计院有限公司 | Grounding monitoring and early warning system and method for railway substation |
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