CN107478717A - A kind of device that methane concentration is surveyed based on ultrasonic pulse method - Google Patents
A kind of device that methane concentration is surveyed based on ultrasonic pulse method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于超声波脉冲法检测甲烷浓度的装置,包括收发一体的单通道超声波探头,超声波驱动电路,信号处理电路,微处理器,时间测量模块,显示装置,所述的收发一体的单通道超声波探头包括超声波发射探头和超声波接收探头,所述的超声波驱动电路由一个方波振荡器和驱动电路组成,所述的信号处理电路包含放大电路和去噪电路,所述的时间测量模块主要采用超声波脉冲法来测量气体浓度,所述的微处理器用于完成时间测量模块的配置和控制以及超声脉冲的驱动,本发明可有效解决现有甲烷报警器中灵敏度低稳定性差的问题,同时采用单通道脉冲法可以有效解决双通道相位差法中超声波反射的问题,提高报警器的灵敏度。
The invention relates to a device for detecting methane concentration based on an ultrasonic pulse method, which includes a single-channel ultrasonic probe integrating transceiver, an ultrasonic drive circuit, a signal processing circuit, a microprocessor, a time measurement module, a display device, and the single-channel ultrasonic probe integrating transceiver The channel ultrasonic probe includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe and an ultrasonic receiving probe. The ultrasonic drive circuit is composed of a square wave oscillator and a drive circuit. The signal processing circuit includes an amplification circuit and a noise removal circuit. The time measurement module mainly The ultrasonic pulse method is used to measure the gas concentration, and the microprocessor is used to complete the configuration and control of the time measurement module and the driving of the ultrasonic pulse. The present invention can effectively solve the problem of low sensitivity and poor stability in the existing methane alarm. The single-channel pulse method can effectively solve the problem of ultrasonic reflection in the dual-channel phase difference method and improve the sensitivity of the alarm.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及煤矿开采安全保证技术领域,具体涉及一种基于超声波脉冲法测甲烷浓度的装置。The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining safety assurance, in particular to a device for measuring methane concentration based on an ultrasonic pulse method.
背景技术Background technique
查阅相关文献可知,目前国内外的天燃气报警检测仪普遍采用的是催化式传感器,而这类传感器普遍存在长期稳定性差、功耗高、寿命短、报警不及时等问题,给燃气安全带来了极大的隐患。According to the relevant literature, at present, the natural gas alarm detectors at home and abroad generally use catalytic sensors, and such sensors generally have problems such as poor long-term stability, high power consumption, short life, and untimely alarm, which brings serious problems to gas safety. a great danger.
针对现有天燃气检测技术普遍存在的问题,本文创新性地提出了一种新型检测方法——超声波脉冲法,超声波在不同浓度的甲烷气体中传播速度不同,根据这个原理,将超声波在气体中的传播速度转化为时间,用测得的时间变化来反映气体浓度的变化,超声波脉冲法相比于超声波相位差法精度更高,同时避免了因超声波在测量通道内发生反射而引起的误差。Aiming at the common problems of the existing natural gas detection technology, this paper innovatively proposes a new detection method - ultrasonic pulse method. The ultrasonic wave travels at different speeds in different concentrations of methane gas. The propagation velocity of the gas is converted into time, and the measured time change is used to reflect the change of gas concentration. Compared with the ultrasonic phase difference method, the ultrasonic pulse method has higher accuracy, and at the same time avoids the error caused by the reflection of ultrasonic waves in the measurement channel.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供了一种基于超声波脉冲法测甲烷浓度的装置,以解决现有天燃气报警器具有稳定性差可靠性低精度低的问题,为家居生活,采矿等高危作业提供安全保证。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for measuring methane concentration based on the ultrasonic pulse method to solve the problem of poor stability, low reliability and low precision of existing natural gas alarms, and to provide high-risk operations such as home life and mining. FS.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种基于超声波脉冲法测甲烷浓度的装置,包括收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1),超声波驱动电路(2),信号处理电路(3),微处理器(4),时间测量模块(5),显示装置(6),其特征在于:The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a device for measuring methane concentration based on the ultrasonic pulse method, including a single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) integrating transceiver, ultrasonic driving circuit (2), signal processing circuit (3), micro Processor (4), time measurement module (5), display device (6), characterized in that:
收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1)包含超声波发射探头(101)和超声波接收探头(102),超声波驱动电路(2)由一个方波振荡器(201)和驱动电路(202)组成,信号处理电路(3)包含放大电路(301)和去噪电路(302);The single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) with integrated transceiver (1) includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and an ultrasonic receiving probe (102). The ultrasonic driving circuit (2) is composed of a square wave oscillator (201) and a driving circuit (202). Signal processing The circuit (3) includes an amplification circuit (301) and a denoising circuit (302);
微处理器(4)与超声波驱动电路(2),信号处理电路(3),时间测量模块(5)以及显示装置(6)相连接;The microprocessor (4) is connected with the ultrasonic drive circuit (2), the signal processing circuit (3), the time measurement module (5) and the display device (6);
微处理器(4)对时间测量模块(5)进行寄存器配置以及时间测量控制,时间测量模块(5)的start 端口与超声波发射探头(101)相连,时间测量模块(5)stop端口与超声波接收探头(102)相连接。The microprocessor (4) performs register configuration and time measurement control on the time measurement module (5), the start port of the time measurement module (5) is connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101), and the stop port of the time measurement module (5) is connected to the ultrasonic receiving The probe (102) is connected.
进一步地,超声波发射探头(101)在驱动电路(202)的驱动下发射超声波脉冲给超声波接收探头(102),同时也将发射脉冲输入到时间测量模块(5)的start 端口,触发时间测量,脉冲到达了超声波接收探头(102)则给时间测量模块(5)一个Stop 信号,此时时间测量完成,时间测量结果传回微处理器(4)进行甲烷浓度的精确计算,并将结果用显示装置(6)显示出来。Further, the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) transmits ultrasonic pulses to the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) driven by the driving circuit (202), and also inputs the transmitting pulses to the start port of the time measurement module (5) to trigger time measurement, When the pulse arrives at the ultrasonic receiving probe (102), a Stop signal is given to the time measurement module (5). At this time, the time measurement is completed, and the time measurement result is sent back to the microprocessor (4) for accurate calculation of the methane concentration, and the result is displayed on The device (6) is displayed.
进一步地,收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1)为单通道非封闭式超声波探头,超声波发射探头(101)和超声波接收探头(102)的选用频率为40kHz。Furthermore, the single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) with integrated transceiver is a single-channel non-enclosed ultrasonic probe, and the selected frequency of the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and ultrasonic receiving probe (102) is 40 kHz.
进一步地,方波振荡器(201)为驱动电路(202)提供驱动信号,驱动电路(202)与超声波发射探头(101)相连,超声波在被测介质中传播,穿过重重的介质层,或被介质层反射后,超声波接收探头(102)将接收到的声波信号传给信号处理电路(3)。Further, the square wave oscillator (201) provides a driving signal for the driving circuit (202), and the driving circuit (202) is connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101), and the ultrasonic wave propagates in the measured medium and passes through multiple medium layers, or After being reflected by the medium layer, the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) transmits the received acoustic wave signal to the signal processing circuit (3).
进一步地,超声波接收探头(102)将接收的信号传给放大电路(301),放大电路(301)将信号放大后传给去噪电路(302),信号经过一系列处理后输出到微处理器(4)通过软件算法处理,实现被测介质浓度或其他性质的测量。Further, the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) transmits the received signal to the amplifying circuit (301), the amplifying circuit (301) amplifies the signal and transmits it to the denoising circuit (302), and the signal is output to the microprocessor after a series of processing (4) Realize the measurement of the concentration or other properties of the measured medium through software algorithm processing.
进一步地,信号处理电路(3)与超声波驱动电路(2)均由微处理器(4)的内部模块提供,微处理器(4)在该发明中还应完成时间测量模块(5)的配置和控制功能,超声波的驱动脉冲由微处理器(4)内部的比较/捕获模块的脉宽调制模式产生。Furthermore, both the signal processing circuit (3) and the ultrasonic drive circuit (2) are provided by the internal module of the microprocessor (4), and the microprocessor (4) should also complete the configuration of the time measurement module (5) in this invention and control function, the ultrasonic driving pulse is generated by the pulse width modulation mode of the comparison/capture module inside the microprocessor (4).
进一步地,时间测量模块(5)与微处理器(4)及收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1)相连接,时间测量模块(5)的寄存器配置以及时间测量由微处理器(4)控制,时间测量模块(5)主要采用超声波脉冲法来测量气体浓度,超声波发射探头(101)给时间测量模块(5)一组脉冲信号,这组脉冲信号可以是5-7个,每隔1s发送一次,当超声波接收探头(102)接收到超声波发射探头(101)发射来的信号时,时间测量模块(5)停止信号采集,时间测量结束,微处理器(4)将时间测量模块(5)测量的时间处理后发送给显示装置(6),由显示装置(6)将甲烷浓度显示出来。Further, the time measurement module (5) is connected with the microprocessor (4) and the single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) integrating transceiver, the register configuration and time measurement of the time measurement module (5) are controlled by the microprocessor (4) , the time measurement module (5) mainly uses the ultrasonic pulse method to measure the gas concentration, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) sends a group of pulse signals to the time measurement module (5). This group of pulse signals can be 5-7 and sent every 1s Once, when the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) receives the signal transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101), the time measurement module (5) stops signal acquisition, and the time measurement ends, and the microprocessor (4) turns the time measurement module (5) After the measured time is processed, it is sent to the display device (6), and the methane concentration is displayed by the display device (6).
本发明的有益效果是:本发明创新性地将单通道超声波脉冲法技术应用到了可燃气体检测环节,极大地利用单片机片内部资源进行超声波驱动脉冲的产生以及整个系统的控制,采用时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP21进行时间的测量,在提高测量精度的同时大大降低了功耗,在此基础上设计的单通道超声波甲烷浓度检测装置具有电路简单,成本低廉,测量精度高,使用方便的优点,这使得甲烷检测仪的开发又有了新的可行性技术,为家庭燃气使用、工业煤矿开采提供了更加可靠的保障。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention innovatively applies the single-channel ultrasonic pulse method technology to the combustible gas detection link, greatly utilizes the internal resources of the single-chip microcomputer chip for the generation of ultrasonic drive pulses and the control of the entire system, and adopts time-to-digital conversion chips TDC-GP21 measures the time, which greatly reduces the power consumption while improving the measurement accuracy. The single-channel ultrasonic methane concentration detection device designed on this basis has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, high measurement accuracy and convenient use. The development of the methane detector has a new feasible technology, which provides a more reliable guarantee for the use of household gas and industrial coal mining.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的系统结构示意图;Accompanying drawing 1 is the system structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:
收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1),超声波发射探头(101)和超声波接收探头(102),超声波驱动电路(2),方波振荡器(201)和驱动电路(202),信号处理电路(3),放大电路(301)和去噪电路(302),微处理器(4),时间测量模块(5),显示装置(6)。Single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) with integrated transceiver, ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and ultrasonic receiving probe (102), ultrasonic driving circuit (2), square wave oscillator (201) and driving circuit (202), signal processing circuit ( 3), an amplification circuit (301) and a denoising circuit (302), a microprocessor (4), a time measurement module (5), and a display device (6).
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图1对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
一种基于超声波脉冲法测甲烷浓度的装置,包括收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1),超声波驱动电路(2),信号处理电路(3),微处理器(4),时间测量模块(5),显示装置(6),其特征在于:收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1)包含超声波发射探头(101)和超声波接收探头(102),超声波驱动电路(2)由一个方波振荡器(201)和驱动电路(202)组成,信号处理电路(3)包含放大电路(301)和去噪电路(302),微处理器(4)与超声波驱动电路(2),信号处理电路(3),时间测量模块(5)以及显示装置(6)相连接,微处理器(4)对时间测量模块(5)进行寄存器配置以及时间测量控制,时间测量模块(5)的start 端口与超声波发射探头(101)相连,stop端口与超声波接收探头(102)相连接,超声波发射探头(101)在驱动电路(202)的驱动下发射超声波脉冲给超声波接收探头(102),同时也将发射脉冲输入到时间测量模块(5)的start 端口,触发时间测量,脉冲到达了超声波接收探头(102)则给时间测量模块(5)一个Stop 信号,此时时间测量完成,时间测量结果经信号处理电路(3)传回微处理器(4)进行甲烷浓度的精确计算,并将结果用显示装置(6)显示出来。A device for measuring methane concentration based on the ultrasonic pulse method, including a single-channel ultrasonic probe (1), an ultrasonic drive circuit (2), a signal processing circuit (3), a microprocessor (4), and a time measurement module (5) ), a display device (6), characterized in that: the single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) integrating transceiver (1) includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and an ultrasonic receiving probe (102), and the ultrasonic driving circuit (2) consists of a square wave oscillator ( 201) and a drive circuit (202), the signal processing circuit (3) includes an amplification circuit (301) and a denoising circuit (302), a microprocessor (4) and an ultrasonic drive circuit (2), and a signal processing circuit (3) , the time measurement module (5) and the display device (6) are connected, the microprocessor (4) performs register configuration and time measurement control on the time measurement module (5), and the start port of the time measurement module (5) is connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) is connected, the stop port is connected with the ultrasonic receiving probe (102), and the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) transmits ultrasonic pulses to the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) under the drive of the driving circuit (202), and also transmits pulses into the The start port of the time measurement module (5) triggers time measurement, and when the pulse reaches the ultrasonic receiving probe (102), a Stop signal is given to the time measurement module (5). At this time, the time measurement is completed, and the time measurement result is passed through the signal processing circuit (3 ) back to the microprocessor (4) for accurate calculation of the methane concentration, and the result is displayed by the display device (6).
所述的收发一体的单通道超声波探头(1)包含超声波发射探头(101)和超声波接收探头(102),本发明选用两个频率为40kHz的收发一体的非封闭式超声波探头分别做为发射和接收探头,单通道非封闭式的测量方法节省资源的情况下稳定性更高。The single-channel ultrasonic probe (1) with integrated transceiver (1) includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) and an ultrasonic receiving probe (102). The present invention selects two non-enclosed ultrasonic probes with a frequency of 40 kHz as the transmitting and receiving probes respectively. The receiving probe, single-channel non-closed measurement method has higher stability while saving resources.
所述的超声波驱动电路(2)由一个方波振荡器(201)和驱动电路(202)组成,方波振荡器(201)为驱动电路(202)提供驱动信号,驱动电路(202)使方波信号稳定并与超声波发射探头(101)相连,超声波在被测介质中传播,穿过重重的介质层,或被介质层反射后,超声波接收探头(102)将接收到的声波信号传给信号处理电路(3),在本发明中采用单片机的内部集成PWM电路来实现方波驱动,超声波驱动电路由捕捉/比较/PWM输出模块完成,结合单片机的Timer2模块资源,配合带 8 位可编程预分频器的 8 位定时器/计数器Timer0能得到合适的脉冲信号。The ultrasonic driving circuit (2) is composed of a square wave oscillator (201) and a driving circuit (202), the square wave oscillator (201) provides a driving signal for the driving circuit (202), and the driving circuit (202) makes the square wave The wave signal is stable and connected to the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101). The ultrasonic wave propagates in the measured medium, passes through multiple medium layers, or is reflected by the medium layer, and the ultrasonic receiving probe (102) transmits the received sound wave signal to the signal The processing circuit (3) adopts the internal integrated PWM circuit of the single-chip microcomputer to realize the square wave drive in the present invention, and the ultrasonic driving circuit is completed by the capture/comparison/PWM output module, combined with the Timer2 module resource of the single-chip microcomputer, and cooperates with an 8-bit programmable preset The 8-bit timer/counter Timer0 of the frequency divider can get the appropriate pulse signal.
所述信号处理电路(3)包含放大电路(301)和去噪电路(302),超声波接收探头(102)将接收的信号传给放大电路(301),放大电路(301)将信号放大后传给去噪电路(302),信号经过一系列处理后输出到微处理器(4)通过软件算法处理,实现被测介质浓度或其他性质的测量。The signal processing circuit (3) includes an amplifying circuit (301) and a denoising circuit (302). The ultrasonic receiving probe (102) transmits the received signal to the amplifying circuit (301), and the amplifying circuit (301) amplifies the signal and then transmits the signal to the amplifying circuit (301). To the denoising circuit (302), the signal is output to the microprocessor (4) after a series of processing and processed by software algorithm to realize the measurement of the concentration or other properties of the measured medium.
所述的微处理器(4)与超声波驱动电路(2),信号处理电路(3)和时间测量模块(5)相连接,信号处理电路(3)与超声波驱动电路(2)均由微处理器(4)的内部模块提供,微处理器(4)在该发明中还应完成时间测量模块(5)的配置和控制功能,超声波的驱动脉冲由微处理器(4)内部的比较/捕获模块的脉宽调制模式产生,本发明选用的PIC16F系列的8位单片机作为微处理器,该单片机拥有丰富的片内外设资源,其大量丰富的I/O口与TDC的通信和使能引脚相连,控制着TDC的测量。The microprocessor (4) is connected with the ultrasonic drive circuit (2), the signal processing circuit (3) and the time measurement module (5), and the signal processing circuit (3) and the ultrasonic drive circuit (2) are all controlled by the microprocessor provided by the internal module of the device (4), the microprocessor (4) should also complete the configuration and control functions of the time measurement module (5) in this invention, and the driving pulse of the ultrasonic wave is compared/captured by the internal comparison of the microprocessor (4) The pulse width modulation mode of module produces, and the 8-bit single-chip microcomputer of PIC16F series that the present invention selects is used as microprocessor, and this single-chip microcomputer has abundant on-chip peripheral resources, and the communication and enabling pin of its abundant I/O port and TDC in a large amount connected to control the measurement of TDC.
所述的时间测量模块(5)选用TDC-GP21芯片,TDC-GP21由微处理器(4)控制,配置工作方式、上电、开启关断测量工作,超声波发射探头(101)给时间测量模块(5)一组脉冲信号,同时将发射脉冲输入到时间测量模块(5)的 start 端口,触发时间测量,这组脉冲信号可以是5-7个,每隔1s发送一次,当脉冲到达超声波接收探头(102)则给时间测量模块(5)产生一个Stop 信号,此时时间测量完成,从 Start 到 Stop 脉冲之间的时间被 TDC-GP21精确记录下来用于计算所测物体与发射端的距离,在这个过程中,微处理器(4)对时间测量模块(5) 进行寄存器配置以及时间测量控制,时间测量结果传回给微处理器(4)进行甲烷浓度的精确计算,同时显示装置(6)将浓度显示出来。The time measurement module (5) uses the TDC-GP21 chip, and the TDC-GP21 is controlled by the microprocessor (4). It configures the working mode, powers on, turns on and off the measurement work, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe (101) sends the time measurement module (5) A group of pulse signals. At the same time, input the transmission pulse to the start port of the time measurement module (5) to trigger time measurement. This group of pulse signals can be 5-7 and sent every 1s. When the pulse reaches the ultrasonic receiver The probe (102) generates a Stop signal to the time measurement module (5), at this time the time measurement is completed, and the time from Start to Stop pulses is accurately recorded by TDC-GP21 to calculate the distance between the measured object and the transmitter, In this process, the microprocessor (4) performs register configuration and time measurement control on the time measurement module (5), and the time measurement result is sent back to the microprocessor (4) for accurate calculation of methane concentration, and the display device (6 ) to display the concentration.
本发明的有益效果是:本发明创新性地将单通道超声波脉冲法技术应用到了可燃气体检测环节,极大地利用单片机片内部资源进行超声波驱动脉冲的产生以及整个系统的控制,采用时间数字转换芯片TDC-GP21进行时间的测量,在提高测量精度的同时大大降低了功耗,在此基础上设计的单通道超声波甲烷浓度检测装置具有电路简单,成本低廉,测量精度高,使用方便的优点,这使得甲烷检测仪的开发又有了新的可行性技术,为家庭燃气使用、工业煤矿开采提供了更加可靠的保障。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention innovatively applies the single-channel ultrasonic pulse method technology to the combustible gas detection link, greatly utilizes the internal resources of the single-chip microcomputer chip for the generation of ultrasonic drive pulses and the control of the entire system, and adopts time-to-digital conversion chips TDC-GP21 measures the time, which greatly reduces the power consumption while improving the measurement accuracy. The single-channel ultrasonic methane concentration detection device designed on this basis has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, high measurement accuracy and convenient use. The development of the methane detector has a new feasible technology, which provides a more reliable guarantee for the use of household gas and industrial coal mining.
一种基于超声波脉冲法测甲烷浓度的装置包括收发一体的单通道超声波探头,超声波驱动电路,信号处理电路,微处理器,时间测量模块,显示装置。A device for measuring methane concentration based on an ultrasonic pulse method includes a single-channel ultrasonic probe integrating transceiver, an ultrasonic drive circuit, a signal processing circuit, a microprocessor, a time measurement module, and a display device.
所述的收发一体的单通道超声波探头,用于发射超声波和接收超声波,两个频率为40kHz的收发一体的非封闭式超声波探头分别做为发射和接收探头,这种超声波探头测量距离宽,比较容易得到信号,单通道还可以节省资源提高精确度。The single-channel ultrasonic probe with integrated transceiver is used to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves. Two non-closed ultrasonic probes with integrated transceiver with a frequency of 40 kHz are used as transmitting and receiving probes respectively. This ultrasonic probe has a wide measurement distance and is relatively large. It is easy to get the signal, and the single channel can also save resources and improve accuracy.
所述的超声波驱动电路由一个方波振荡器和驱动电路组成,方波振荡器为驱动电路提供驱动信号,驱动电路使方波信号稳定并与超声波发射探头相连,本发明采用单片机的内部集成脉宽调制电路来实现,超声波驱动电路由捕捉/比较/脉宽调制输出模块完成,结合单片机的Timer2模块资源,能输出最大频率是200kHz的PWM,分辨率最高10位,配合带8位可编程预分频器的8位定时器 / 计数器Timer0能得到合适的脉冲信号。Described ultrasonic driving circuit is made up of a square wave oscillator and driving circuit, and square wave oscillator provides driving signal for driving circuit, and driving circuit makes square wave signal stable and is connected with ultrasonic transmitting probe, and the present invention adopts the internal integrated pulse of single chip microcomputer The ultrasonic drive circuit is completed by the capture/comparison/pulse width modulation output module. Combined with the Timer2 module resource of the microcontroller, it can output PWM with a maximum frequency of 200kHz and a resolution of up to 10 bits. With 8-bit programmable preset The 8-bit timer/counter Timer0 of the frequency divider can get the appropriate pulse signal.
所述的信号处理电路包含放大电路和去噪电路,放大电路主要将超声波接收探头传来的信号进行放大以保证传给微处理器的信号稳定,去噪电路主要负责去掉放大电路传来的信号中的噪声,进而确保进行软件算法处理的信号是稳定的,精确度高的信号。The signal processing circuit includes an amplifying circuit and a denoising circuit, the amplifying circuit mainly amplifies the signal transmitted by the ultrasonic receiving probe to ensure the stability of the signal transmitted to the microprocessor, and the denoising circuit is mainly responsible for removing the signal transmitted from the amplifying circuit In order to ensure that the signal processed by the software algorithm is a stable and high-precision signal.
所述的时间测量模块主要采用超声波脉冲法来测量气体浓度,超声波发射探头发射一组脉冲信号,这组脉冲信号可以是5-7个,每隔1s发送一次,当超声波接收探头接收到超声波发射探头发射来的信号时,时间测量模块停止信号采集,时间测量结束,其中反射的信号不会跟下一次发射过来的声波重叠,不会造成误差,这样超声波在气体中传播的时间就可以测量了同时测量精度也大大提高,本发明中的时间测量模块选用德国 acam 公司的时间数字转换器 TDC-GP21,TDC的通信方式是四线制的SPI接口,分别是SCLK,SSN,SO,SI,本发明的设计是使用单片机的I/O口模拟四线制的SPI接口通信,SCLK引脚不断输出高低电平模仿时钟,SSN引脚控制通信的开启关闭,SI引脚是TDC的写入引脚,即单片机的输出,为TDC写入配置工作方式的配置寄存器值,SO引脚是TDC的输出引脚,即单片机的输入,SO和SI向单片机提供时间测量的结果,单片机对这一结果进行下一步的处理。The time measurement module mainly uses the ultrasonic pulse method to measure the gas concentration. The ultrasonic transmitting probe emits a group of pulse signals. This group of pulse signals can be 5-7 and are sent every 1s. When the ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic emission When the signal is emitted by the probe, the time measurement module stops signal collection, and the time measurement is over, and the reflected signal will not overlap with the sound wave emitted next time, which will not cause errors, so that the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the gas can be measured Simultaneously measurement accuracy also improves greatly, and the time measurement module among the present invention selects the time digital converter TDC-GP21 of German acam company, and the communication mode of TDC is the SPI interface of four-wire system, is respectively SCLK, SSN, SO, SI, this The design of the invention is to use the I/O port of the microcontroller to simulate the four-wire SPI interface communication, the SCLK pin continuously outputs high and low levels to simulate the clock, the SSN pin controls the opening and closing of the communication, and the SI pin is the writing pin of the TDC , that is, the output of the single-chip microcomputer, which writes the configuration register value of the configuration working mode for the TDC. The SO pin is the output pin of the TDC, that is, the input of the single-chip microcomputer. SO and SI provide the time measurement result to the single-chip microcomputer. Next step.
所述的微处理器使用的是Microchip公司生产的PIC16f系列的8位单片机,该单片机内部有丰富的外设资源,微处理器在该发明中还应完成时间测量模块的配置和控制功能,超声波的驱动脉冲由微处理器内部的比较/捕获模块的脉宽调制模式产生,其特点为频率和占空比都可变化,超声波驱动电路由捕捉/比较/PWM输出模块完成,微处理器的四个I/O口与时间测量模块的四线制SPI通信引脚相连进行数据的写入和读出,时间测量模块的使能位、复位位、中断位也由微处理器的I/O口控制。What described microprocessor used was the 8-bit single-chip microcomputer of PIC16f series that Microchip Company produced, and this single-chip interior has abundant peripheral resources, and microprocessor should also complete the configuration and control function of time measurement module in this invention, ultrasonic The driving pulse is generated by the pulse width modulation mode of the comparison/capture module inside the microprocessor, and its characteristic is that the frequency and duty cycle can be changed. The ultrasonic drive circuit is completed by the capture/comparison/PWM output module. An I/O port is connected to the four-wire SPI communication pin of the time measurement module to write and read data. The enable bit, reset bit and interrupt bit of the time measurement module are also controlled by the I/O port of the microprocessor. control.
所述的显示装置将处理器处理好的最终浓度值显示出来,本发明选用LED数码管作为显示装置。The display device displays the final concentration value processed by the processor, and the present invention selects LED digital tubes as the display device.
以上说述为本发明最佳实施方式的举例,其中未详细述及的部分均为本领域普通技术人员的公知常识,本发明的保护范围以权力要就的内容为准,任何基于本发明的技术启示而进行地等效变换,也在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is an example of the best implementation mode of the present invention, and the parts not mentioned in detail are the common knowledge of those skilled in the art. The protection scope of the present invention is based on the content of the right. Equivalent transformations based on technical inspiration are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
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