CN107478707A - 一种用于血糖测定的新型电极及其测定方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及电化学分析检测技术领域,具体涉及一种可用于血糖测定的新型电极及其测定方法,包括由玻碳电极或修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂丝为辅助电极组成的三电极系统,修饰电极为利用电沉积法制备的碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合材料,本发明的目的在于运用碳纳米管/钯纳米复合修饰电极,建立一种测定血糖的新方法,研究血糖在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,该方法对葡萄糖具有较高的选择性、较高的灵敏度、且比较容易操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学分析检测技术领域,具体涉及一种可用于血糖测定的新型电极及其测定方法。
背景技术
葡萄糖,是重要的工业原料,主要用于食品工业,如生产糖果、糕点、饮料等。在医疗领域,葡萄糖在病人的输液中被大量应用。其被氧化的产物是葡萄糖酸,是生产补钙药物-葡萄糖酸钙的重要原料。被还原能够生成正已六醇,可用来合成维生素C。目前,人们对葡萄糖的检测已经做了大量的研究,也发展出了很多种葡萄糖的检测方法,主要有色谱法、光谱法、生物法以及电化学法。由于电化学法检测葡萄糖相比于其它方法稳定性,灵敏度都有很大的提升,所以其在葡萄糖检测领域受到了极大的重视,取得了快速的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于用碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合材料修饰玻碳电极, 建立一种测定血糖的新方法,研究血糖在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,为血糖的测定提供一种新的分析方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:包括由玻碳电极或修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂丝为辅助电极组成的三电极系统。修饰电极为碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合材料。将该三电极系统置于处理好的血清中,于-0.8~0.4V电位范围之间以100mV/s的扫速条件下,记录峰电流在浓度为0.06~2.0 mg/mL范围内的循环伏安曲线。具体的操作步骤包括:
1)传感器的制备:玻碳电极的预处理,碳纳米管的纯化和羧基化,电沉积制备碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合电极材料;
2)测定条件的优化:缓冲溶液的种类,PH的影响,沉积时间的影响,扫描速率的影响;
3)实际样品的测定:工作电极为玻碳电极(GCE),参比电极为饱和甘汞电极(SCE),对电极为铂丝电极,组成三电极系统;将该三电极系统置于处理好的血清中,以最佳实验条件记录峰电流在浓度为0.06~2.0 mg/mL范围内的循环伏安曲线。
本发明利用玻碳电极具有良好的导电性,并结合碳纳米管、氯化钯的性质,制得一种对葡萄糖具有高灵敏度的电极。然后通过优化沉积时间、缓冲液种类、扫描速率、底液pH等参数,得到对葡萄糖具有较高的选择性、较高的灵敏度、且比较容易操作的电化学分析方法,并把该方法应用于实际样品测定。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体的实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图1为裸电极硫酸活化图。
附图2为不同电极在铁氰化钾溶液中的循环伏安图。
附图3为不同电极在0.5mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液中的循环伏安曲线。
附图4为 PH的优化曲线。
附图5为沉积时间的优化曲线。
附图6为扫描速率的优化曲线。
附图7为不同浓度葡萄糖溶液的CV图。
附图8为用碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液伏安特性分析图的还原峰,作出的标准曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明所涉及的一种用于血糖测定的新型电极及利用该电极对血糖进行测定的电化学方法做详细的说明。
为实现发明的目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:包括由玻碳电极或修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂丝为辅助电极组成的三电极系统。修饰电极为碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合材料。
玻璃电极的预处理:取玻碳电极在金相砂纸(3000#)上打磨,然后分别在干、湿麂皮垫上依次用1.0、0.3和0.05μm的Al2O3粉末抛光,依次用去离子蒸馏水、无水乙醇、去离子蒸馏水充分超声清洗,然后将电极置于0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中,以50mV/s扫描速度,在-0.5~+1.4V电位区间,用循环伏安法(CV)扫描20圈,将硫酸活化后的电极取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净,并置于0.01g/mL的K3[Fe(CN)6溶液中,以50mV/s扫描速度,在-0.5~+1.2V电位区间,用循环伏安法(CV)扫描直至稳定。
碳纳米管的纯化和羧基化:在碳纳米管的制备过程中,同时伴随着无定形碳、碳纳米颗粒及碳纤维等非晶碳的生成,为尽可能消除杂质带来的影响,在碳纳米管羧基化之前需对其进行提纯处理。碳纳米管在使用前于400℃加热2h,以除去其上的非晶碳,碳纳米管羧基化采用混酸回流氧化法,即将碳纳米管在V(HNO3):V(H2SO4)=1:3的混合液中加热回流6h,冷却后过滤,用超纯水离心清洗至中性,放入烘箱中干燥。配制成0.5mg/mL碳纳米管分散液待用。
电沉积制备碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合电极材料:电沉积制备利用CHI660电化学工作站进行,采用三电极体系:玻碳电极(GCE)为工作电极,铂丝为对电极,饱和甘汞电极(SCE)为参比电极。取适量碳纳米管飞散液滴在玻碳电极的表面,红外灯下烘干即制得碳纳米管修饰电极。此步骤是由于碳纳米管具有很强导电性的缘故,使得修饰电极的响应信号更明显。将碳纳米管修饰修饰电极置于0.5mmol/L的氯化钯溶液中,在-0.2V恒电位沉积180s,制成纳米钯/碳纳米管修饰电极。
附图1为裸电极硫酸活化图。取玻碳电极在金相砂纸(3000#)上打磨,然后分别在干、湿麂皮垫上依次用1.0、0.3和0.05μm的Al2O3粉末抛光,依次用去离子蒸馏水、无水乙醇、去离子蒸馏水充分超声清洗,然后将电极置于0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中,以50mV/s扫描速度,在-0.5~+1.4V电位区间,用循环伏安法(CV)扫描20圈。将硫酸活化后的电极取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净,并置于0.01g/mL的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液中,以50mV/s扫描速度,在-0.5~+1.2V电位区间,用循环伏安法(CV)扫描直至稳定。
附图2为 不同电极在铁氰化钾溶液中的循环伏安图。依次用玻碳电极、碳纳米管修饰电极、碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极在5mmol/L的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液中利用循环伏安法扫描(电位范围-0.4~0.8V,扫描速度50mV/s)。图中,碳纳米管修饰电极(曲线c)较玻碳电极(曲线b)氧化峰电流增加,还原峰电流降低,表明碳纳米管聚合到了GCE表面,促进了探针离子在电极表面的氧化还原反应。且当碳纳米管表面上修饰氯化钯时(曲线a),碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极上的氧化还原峰更加突显,峰电流也进一步增强,说明氯化钯明显增强了电极的导电性,使得电子表面电子流通速率显著增强,从而促进了探针分子K3[Fe(CN)6在电极表面的可逆反应。
附图3为不同电极在0.5mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液中的循环伏安曲线。用pH=6.8的PBS缓冲溶液配制的浓度为0.5mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液,玻碳电极,碳纳米管修饰电极,氯化钯修饰电极,碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极于-0.8~0.4V电位范围之间以100mV/s的扫速条件下,不同电极扫描的循环伏安扫描,碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极和碳纳米管修饰电极上出现了可逆的氧化峰和还原峰,表明葡萄糖的电极反应过程是可逆的。同时也可以看出碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极对葡萄糖的电化学催化作用明显增强,表明此修饰电极对葡萄糖的响应最大。
附图4为PH的优化条件。本实验采用了pH=6.7的PBS缓冲液作为底液进行葡萄糖含量的测定。
附图5为沉积时间的优化曲线。当沉积时间为3min时,催化电流将出现最大值。
附图6为扫描速度的优化曲线。当扫面速度为100mV/s时,峰电流最大。
附图7为不同浓度葡萄糖溶液的CV图。用pH=7的PBS缓冲溶液分别配制溶液浓度为0.06mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、1.0mg/mL、1.5mg/mL、2.0mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液,在最佳实验条件下,用循环伏安法对不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液进行修饰电极测定。
附图8为标准曲线。用碳纳米管/氯化钯修饰电极不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液伏安特性分析图的还原峰,在并利用Excel软件,作出标准曲线。
本发明利用玻碳电极具有良好的导电性,并结合碳纳米管、氯化钯的性质,制得一种对葡萄糖具有高灵敏度的电极。然后通过优化沉积时间、缓冲液种类、扫描速率、底液pH等参数,得到对葡萄糖具有较高的选择性、较高的灵敏度、且比较容易操作的电化学分析方法。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于血糖测定的新型电极,其特征在于,包括:玻碳电极或修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂丝为辅助电极组成的三电极系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于血糖测定的新型电极,其特征在于,修饰电极为碳纳米管/钯纳米结构复合材料。
3.一种利用权利要求1所述的一种用于血糖测定的新型电极测定血糖的方法,其特征在于,将该三电极系统置于处理好的血清中,于-0.8~0.4V电位范围之间以100mV/s的扫速条件下,记录峰电流在浓度为0.06~2.0 mg/mL范围内的循环伏安曲线。
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