CN107469137B - 一种可注射止血水凝胶材料及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可注射止血水凝胶材料及制备方法和应用,通过采用交联剂将明胶和酪胺酸共价结合,进而引入过氧化氢制得可注射性的功能水溶胶,血液中具有过氧化物酶催化活性的血红蛋白催化水溶胶中封装的过氧化氢氧化酪氨酸,形成高强度水凝胶以达到迅速止血效果。此止血水凝胶利用血液中血红蛋白的催化功能,可实现由溶胶状态到凝胶状态的迅速变化。本发明的材料具有快速止血、抗菌、载药缓释、可注射等功能,在生物医学材料和组织工程领域具有巨大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学止血、抗菌和载药等功能材料制备的技术领域,涉及一种可注射止血水凝胶材料及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
常见的止血材料主要包括敷料绷带、纱布、医用棉等,这些物理性止血材料主要通过压迫式达到伤口止血,但难以保持伤口干燥并防止有害细菌进入伤口。近二十年来,很多现代新型止血材料被应用于临床伤口止血和抗菌。这些新止血材料不同于物理型材料,主要包括凝胶、海藻酸盐和水凝胶等,其基本特点是在止血的过程中为伤口创建一个温润的环境以促进伤口止血和愈合,但大多不能实现对大面积或深部伤口部位的快速止血。
众所周知,水凝胶因其高生物相容性和低机械刺激被广泛应用于生物制药和生物医学材料。超分子水凝胶因可以为伤口提供温润的环境并在伤口界面形成防护屏障被视为是较理想的止血材料。除此之外,水凝胶高生物相容性、可生物降解性和自愈特性可使止血过程方便、无痛并可减少二次创伤。特别是原位水凝胶的合成在药物输送和组织工程应用等方面已经引起广泛关注,可注射水凝胶在医用材料和药物缓释等方面具有较为广泛的用途,已经成为近年来生物医用材料等方面新颖的研究方向。此外,和其他多孔支架材料相比,可注射水凝胶材料有较好的优越性,利用注射的方法将有流动性的水凝胶生物材料植入生物体内,可以较容易填充不规则形状的伤口部位,手术中的创伤较小。可注射的水凝胶三维网络中因其较高的吸水性具有大量的水分,在形态结构上与生物体组织相似,这些可注射水凝胶具有较高的生物相容性。特别是,可注射的水凝胶允许封装止血或者消炎药物,不需要外科手术植入,可通过注射的方式进入伤口深部进行止血,但至今未见将水凝胶与血液中具有过氧化物酶催化活性的血红蛋白结合,并利用其催化水溶胶凝集以达到快速止血的技术报道。此外,过氧化氢一直被作为一种经典抗菌物质,被应用于各个领域。据报道,过氧化氢对真菌有明显的抑菌作用,如大肠杆菌、革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和病毒等;最近,大量的研究已经证实过氧化氢的体内抗菌活性优于其他材料。 鉴此,本发明开发了一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的制备与应用技术,通过采用交联剂将明胶和酪胺酸共价结合,进而引入过氧化氢制得可注射性功能水溶胶,用于大面积或深部伤口出血处,利用伤口血液中具有过氧化物酶催化活性的血红蛋白催化水溶胶中封装的过氧化氢氧化酪氨酸,形成高强度水凝胶以达到迅速止血。该材料和技术具有快速止血、抗菌、载药、可注射等功能,适用于大面积或深部伤口的迅速止血和后续抗菌治疗,在生物医学材料和组织工程领域具有巨大的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,开发了一种可注射止血水凝胶材料及制备方法,采用交联剂将明胶和酪胺酸共价结合,进而引入过氧化氢制得具有高抗菌性和药物缓释能力的水凝胶材料,该材料具有快速止血、抗菌、载药、可注射等功能。
本发明还提供了上述可注射止血水凝胶材料的应用,利用血红蛋白催化水溶胶中封装的过氧化氢氧化酪氨酸,形成高强度水凝胶。同时还可用于抗菌,在生物医学材料和组织工程领域具有巨大的应用价值。
本发明技术方案如下:
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的制备方法:首先采用EDC/NHS为交联剂将明胶和酪胺酸共价结合,然后引入过氧化氢,制得可注射止血水凝胶材料。
所述可注射止血水凝胶材料的制备方法,步骤包括:
(1)将粉末状明胶按浓度20-40mg/mL加入到2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)
缓冲溶液中,加热到60℃使明胶完全溶解后,冷却到室温,得到明胶溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入酪胺酸(Tyr)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和 N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),加入的酪胺酸与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺质量比为50-200:37.0-140:12.5-50,其中酪胺酸加入浓度为2.5-10mg/mL,待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入10-15 mg/mL粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为1-7%的双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,明胶加入浓度优选40mg/mL。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)缓冲溶液为2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)的水溶液,浓度为20-50mM,pH为6.5;所述2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)缓冲溶液浓度优选50mM。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,酪胺酸加入浓度优选5mg/ml。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺质量比优选3:1。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,磷酸钠加入浓度优选为15mg/mL。
进一步地,步骤(4)中,加入的双氧水质量分数优选为3%。
上述步骤中的溶剂均为二次蒸馏水。
本发明还提供了上述方法制备得到的一种可注射止血水凝胶材料,所述的可注射止血水凝胶材料具有致密多孔结构。
本发明可注射止血水凝胶材料的应用,可用作治疗伤口原位快速止血的材料,还可用做药物载体,实现药物缓释、抑制细菌生长,减少组织二次伤害的作用。
本发明可注射止血水凝胶材料,通过采用交联剂将明胶和酪胺酸共价结合,进而引入过氧化氢制得可注射性的功能水溶胶,经用于大面积或深部伤口出血处,利用伤口血液中具有过氧化物酶催化活性的血红蛋白催化水溶胶中封装的过氧化氢氧化酪氨酸,形成高强度水凝胶以达到迅速止血(如图1所示)。此止血水凝胶利用伤口血液中血红蛋白的催化功能,可实现由溶胶状态到凝胶状态的迅速变化。同时,水凝胶中过氧化氢可抑制伤口处细菌生长,所形成的致密多孔结构的凝胶为伤口提供温润的愈合环境并形成防护屏障,籍以减少组织的二次伤害,并通过活体老鼠试验,验证了其快速止血功能。这种具有快速止血、药物缓释、抑菌、可注射的止血水溶胶材料,适用于大面积或深部伤口的迅速止血和后续抗菌治疗,在生物医学材料和组织工程领域具有巨大的应用价值。
本发明与现有技术相比其有益效果在于:
(1)可注射止血水凝胶可在20 s内有凝血变化(如图3所示),实现快速的止血作用;
(2)可注射止血水凝胶内封装一定浓度的双氧水,在抑菌作用方面有一定的功能;
(3)可注射止血水凝胶形成的致密多孔结构的凝胶为伤口提供温润的愈合环境并形成防护屏障,可以减少组织的二次伤害;
(4)可注射止血水凝胶可实现包覆定量的功能化药物,在止血的同时可对药物进行控制释放;
(5)可注射止血水凝胶是可以注射的,使用更加方便。
附图说明
图1为可注射止血水凝胶材料用于快速原位止血的示意图;
图2为明胶和明胶-酪氨酸的紫外光谱图及红外谱图;(A)为紫外光谱图及对应的照片,(B)为红外谱图;
图3为可注射止血水凝胶材料在无血(A)和有血(B)的凝结状态(C)止血水凝胶形成的凝胶状态;
图4为不同浓度(A)明胶,(B)酪氨酸,(C)双氧水,(D)血红蛋白对可注射止血水凝胶材料的凝胶过程的影响;
图5为老鼠大腿外侧(A, B)和大腿内侧(C, D)的止血照片;(E)老鼠皮肤血管的阻断凝血;
图6为不同材料(a)明胶,(b)明胶-酪氨酸,(c)封装双氧水的明胶,(d)封装双氧水的明胶-酪氨酸,(e)双氧水,对(A)大肠杆菌和(B)金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈的照片;
图7为不同培养基(A)明胶,(B)明胶-酪氨酸,(C)封装双氧水的明胶-酪氨酸,培养酵母细胞显微镜图;(D)破裂的酵母细胞图;
图8为血红蛋白催化的可注射止血水凝胶材料对阿莫西林药品的控释作用,溶液吸光度值的变化(a)开始,(b)一小时后;
图9为可注射止血水凝胶材料的扫描电镜图,(A, B)无血液存在、(C, D)有血液存在。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步描述本发明,在不脱离本发明上述技术思想情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将400 mg明胶粉末加入到20 mL 浓度为50 mM 、pH为 6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水合物(MES)缓冲溶液中,并加热到60℃,使明胶完全溶解。随后明胶溶液冷却到室温;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入100 mg酪胺酸(Tyr)、75.0 mg 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和25.0 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入300mg/mL粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止(如图2所示),制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为3%的双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料(如图4所示)。
利用扫描电子显微镜观察封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料(明胶-酪氨酸材料)和血红蛋白催化后的止血水凝胶,根据SEM照片(如图9),可清晰的观察到血红蛋白催化前后的材料都具有明显的多孔结构。
相较于血红蛋白催化前的可注射止血水凝胶材料,此凝胶材料的多孔结构,血红蛋白催化后的止血水凝胶的孔隙结构更为致密,更易于双氧水的保护和封装,阻止其分解,并透过孔隙缓慢释放。这种多孔的水凝胶结构在止血的同时,为伤口提供更为明显的透氧量,并缓慢释放封装于其中的双氧水和消炎药物,有利于伤口的快速愈合。
实施例2
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将600 mg明胶粉末加入到20 mL 浓度为50 mM、pH 6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水合物(MES)缓冲溶液中,并加热到60℃,使明胶完全溶解,随后明胶溶液冷却到室温;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入100 mg酪胺酸(Tyr)、75.0 mg 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和25.0 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入300 mg粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为3%双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
实施例3
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将800 mg明胶粉末加入到20 mL 浓度为20 mM、pH 6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水合物(MES)缓冲溶液中,并加热到60℃,使明胶完全溶解,随后明胶溶液冷却到室温;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入200 mg酪胺酸(Tyr)、75.0 mg 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和25.0 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入300 mg粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为3%双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
实施例4
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将800 mg明胶粉末加入到20 mL 浓度为50 mM、pH 6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水合物(MES)缓冲溶液中,并加热到60℃,使明胶完全溶解,随后明胶溶液冷却到室温;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入50 mg酪胺酸(Tyr)、75.0 mg 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和25.0 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入300 mg粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为1%双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
实施例5
一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将800 mg明胶粉末加入到20 mL 浓度为50 mM、pH 6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水合物(MES)缓冲溶液中,并加热到60℃,使明胶完全溶解,随后明胶溶液冷却到室温;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入100 mg酪胺酸(Tyr)、75.0 mg 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和50.0 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入300 mg粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为7%双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
本发明可注射止血水凝胶材料的应用及性能验证
一、止血效果验证:
对实验用老鼠进行称重并记录,然后对老鼠进行麻醉处理,以老鼠体重每100 g注入1 mL浓度为60.0 mg/mL的戊巴比妥钠水合物。将实施实例1中制备的水凝胶应用于麻醉后的老鼠,向老鼠皮肤血管注入100 µL止血水凝胶,拍照记录血液凝固状态。
进一步进行实验,探究止血水凝胶对老鼠伤口止血情况。老鼠大腿内外侧各划出1厘米长的伤口,并向伤口注射定量封装双氧水的明胶-酪胺水凝胶。
拍照记录老鼠不同部位的止凝血状况,结果如图5所示。实验中发现,止血水凝胶在注射到老鼠大腿内外侧伤口可实现快速的伤口血液凝固,在较短的时间内抑制血液流出。此外在对老鼠皮肤血管注射止血水凝胶的过程中发现,止血水凝胶可以抑制血管中的血液流动。
二、抑菌杀菌效果验证:
本发明的可注射止血水凝胶材料应用于抑菌杀菌,采用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌两种菌落探究其抑菌性质,具体步骤如下:
(1)10.0 g蛋白胨,5.0g酵母膏,5.0 g氯化钠添加到烧杯中,使用超纯水溶解。然后,此混合溶液稀释到1 L并调节pH到7.0左右。至此,细菌培养基配制完成;
(2)此培养基的配制过程严格在无菌条件下进行,配置完成后,培养基在110 ℃高压灭菌30 min;
(3)止血水凝胶的抑菌试验采用牛津杯法。15 mL培养基加入到培养皿中,平铺均匀后,待其凝固。随后,在无菌条件下,垂直放入牛津杯于培养皿的培养基上,并向牛津杯中分别加入明胶,明胶-酪氨酸,掺杂双氧水的明胶,封装双氧水的明胶-酪氨酸和双氧水溶液。然后在37 ℃的培养箱中培育24 h,取出后使用直尺测定其抑菌圈大小。
如图6中照片所示,采用牛津杯法探究抑菌作用,通过测定其抑菌圈直径大小,直观的反应抑菌效果。在图6A中显示的是对大肠杆菌的抑制作用,观察发现,未加入双氧水的纯明胶和明胶-酪氨酸材料对大肠杆菌无抑制作用,此外,所制备的止血水凝胶材料与单纯只加入双氧水牛津杯相比,抑菌圈变小,进一步证实了双氧水的双重作用,一方面参与凝胶材料的氧化,另一方面具有抑菌作用。在图6B中显示的对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,不同材料对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用与上述对大肠杆菌的抑制作用趋势相同。通过止血水凝胶对两种不同菌落的抑制作用,可得出所制备的材料一方面对伤口有较好的止血功能,另一方面此材料在抑制伤口感染等有优越的性能。
三、细胞毒性试验
采用酵母细胞进行本发明的可注射止血水凝胶材料的细胞毒性测试,具体步骤如下:
(1)将定量的酵母细胞分散到50 µL缓冲溶液中,并放入96孔板中培育;
(2)分别向96孔板中加入50 µL超纯水,明胶和封装双氧水的Gel-Tyr水凝胶,在37℃的孵育箱中培养6 h;
(3)在显微镜下观察酵母细胞的形态。
结果如图7所示,实验中用不同材料孵育的酵母细胞在显微镜下呈现出的细胞形态,在图7的A,B,C中,可以明显的观察出酵母细胞并未受所采用材料的影响,仍具有较好的细胞形态,此结果直接说明所制备的止血水凝胶对细胞的毒性影响较小。但是,实验中发现过高的双氧水浓度会对酵母细胞产生极大的影响,会使酵母细胞破裂,显微镜中观察不到完整的细胞形态,结果如图7D中所示。由此也可证实前面所提到的不能采用过高浓度的双氧水,即使双氧水在止血过程中起到极大的作用。
四、药物负载及缓释性能测试:
本发明的可注射止血水凝胶材料负载消炎药阿莫西林及药物缓释效果,具体步骤如下:
(1)将阿莫西林药品溶液加入到封装双氧水的上述实施实例1中制备的Gel-Tyr水凝胶中,并加入定量血液使其凝结;
(2)随后将混有阿莫西林药品的凝结水凝胶放入到超纯水中,随着时间的推移,阿莫西林药物缓慢释放到水溶液中,通过测定其紫外吸光度值确定水溶液中阿莫西林药品的浓度。
通过实验探究了止血水凝胶对阿莫西林药物的缓释行为,结果如图8所示。含有阿莫西林药品的止血水凝胶在血红蛋白催化作用下形成凝胶状态,在超纯水中利用药物吸光度值来确定药物缓释程度。本发明利用药物穿过血红蛋白催化后的止血水凝胶形成的凝胶状态的致密孔隙,并通过凝胶内外药物浓度差梯度,进而让阿莫西林释放到超纯水中,以达到药物控释的作用。
Claims (6)
1.一种可注射止血水凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于:首先采用EDC/NHS为交联剂将明胶和酪氨酸 共价结合,然后引入过氧化氢,制得可注射止血水凝胶材料;
步骤包括:
(1)将粉末状明胶按浓度20-40mg/mL加入到pH为6.5的2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)缓冲溶液中,加热到60℃使明胶完全溶解后,冷却到室温,得到明胶溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)的明胶溶液中搅拌加入酪氨酸 (Tyr)、1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和 N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),加入的酪氨酸 与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺质量比为50-200:37.0-140:12.5-50,其中酪氨酸 加入浓度为2.5-10mg/mL,待溶解完全后,于37℃水浴中搅拌反应8 h,使其交联完全;
(3)向步骤(2)制得的反应液中加入10-15 mg/mL粉末状磷酸钠,搅拌30 min后,用截留分子量为10000 KD的透析膜纯化,直到溶液紫外吸收峰在275 nm为止,制得明胶-酪氨酸溶液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的明胶-酪氨酸溶液中,加入质量分数为1-7%的双氧水,搅拌使双氧水在溶液中分散均匀,得封装双氧水的可注射止血水凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,明胶加入浓度为40mg/mL;所述2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)缓冲溶液为2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)的水溶液,浓度为20-50mM,pH为6.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸一水(MES)缓冲溶液浓度为50mM。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,酪氨酸 加入浓度为5mg/ml;1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺质量比为3:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,磷酸钠加入浓度为15mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,加入的双氧水质量分数为3%。
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