CN107455236A - The water-saving irrigation method of knob grape - Google Patents
The water-saving irrigation method of knob grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN107455236A CN107455236A CN201710632770.1A CN201710632770A CN107455236A CN 107455236 A CN107455236 A CN 107455236A CN 201710632770 A CN201710632770 A CN 201710632770A CN 107455236 A CN107455236 A CN 107455236A
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title description 5
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title description 5
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title description 5
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002015 leaf growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/35—Mulches, i.e. loose material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种丘陵地区葡萄的节水灌溉方法，将保肥保水剂加至水中进行灌溉，分别在发芽前灌溉1次、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉1次、果实膨大期灌溉1次、休眠期灌溉1次；所述保肥保水剂是将尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钠混合制成。本发明将高分子保水剂与肥料复配混合后制成保肥保水剂添加至水中进行灌溉，一方面利用高分子保水剂的吸水功能将灌溉水储存，以节省后期的灌溉用水量；另一方面，利用高分子保水剂的载体功效负载肥料，以减少肥料的使用量，并提高其利用率。The invention provides a water-saving irrigation method for grapes in hilly areas. The fertilizer and water-retaining agent is added to the water for irrigation, irrigated once before germination, irrigated once during shoot growth and young fruit expansion, and irrigated once during fruit expansion. 1 time, irrigation 1 time during the dormant period; the fertilizer and water retention agent is made by mixing urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate. In the present invention, the polymer water-retaining agent is compounded and mixed with fertilizers to make a fertilizer and water-retaining agent and added to water for irrigation. On the one hand, the water-absorbing function of the polymer water-retaining agent is used to store irrigation water to save irrigation water in the later stage; On the one hand, the carrier effect of polymer water-retaining agent is used to load fertilizer to reduce the amount of fertilizer used and improve its utilization rate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于农业灌溉技术领域，具体涉及一种丘陵地区葡萄的节水灌溉方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and in particular relates to a water-saving irrigation method for grapes in hilly areas.
背景技术Background technique
镇江市耕地面积为14.7万公顷，其中丘陵耕地为9.5万公顷，占整个耕地面积的65%左右，中低产田约占全市耕地的60%，其中包括3.3万公顷岗坡旱地，易涝易旱面积约有6.7万公顷。降雨分布时空不均，降雨量在年际间与地域间差异较大，一般旱地农田水分利用率仅40%到50%左右。由于该地区地形地貌复杂，生态环境脆弱，丘陵降水利用率不高，抗旱能力不强，水土流失和季节性干旱尤为突出，干旱已成为制约丘陵地区农业发展的突出问题。由于丘陵旱地得不到及时的灌溉，浪费了该地区充足的温光资源，降低了农作物的产量和品质。The cultivated land area of Zhenjiang City is 147,000 hectares, of which 95,000 hectares are hilly cultivated land, accounting for about 65% of the entire cultivated land area, and the low- and medium-yielding fields account for about 60% of the city's cultivated land area, including 33,000 hectares of hilly and dry land, which is prone to flooding and drought The area is about 67,000 hectares. The distribution of rainfall is uneven in time and space, and the amount of rainfall varies greatly between years and regions. Generally, the water use efficiency of dryland farmland is only about 40% to 50%. Due to the complex topography and fragile ecological environment in this area, the utilization rate of precipitation in the hills is not high, and the ability to resist drought is not strong. Soil erosion and seasonal drought are particularly prominent. Drought has become a prominent problem restricting the development of agriculture in hilly areas. Due to the lack of timely irrigation of the hilly dry land, the sufficient temperature and light resources in the area are wasted, and the yield and quality of crops are reduced.
我国是一个水资源缺乏的国家，人均水资源量仅为世界平均水平的1/4；同时我国又是一个农业大国，农业用水量约占总用水量的70%左右。但我国用水效率极低，水资源浪费现象严重。传统的果园灌溉系统大多还是靠人工操作，凭借经验和感觉对果园进行灌溉，既不节省水资源，同时耗费工时，粗放式的灌溉方式也影响果品的产量和品质。my country is a country that lacks water resources, and the per capita water resources are only 1/4 of the world's average level. At the same time, my country is a large agricultural country, and agricultural water consumption accounts for about 70% of the total water consumption. However, my country's water use efficiency is extremely low, and water resources are wasted seriously. Most of the traditional orchard irrigation systems still rely on manual operation, relying on experience and feeling to irrigate the orchard, which does not save water resources, and at the same time consumes man-hours. Extensive irrigation methods also affect the yield and quality of fruit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是解决在丘陵地区实现葡萄节水灌溉的技术问题，提出一种节水灌溉的方法。The purpose of the invention is to solve the technical problem of water-saving irrigation for grapes in hilly areas, and to propose a water-saving irrigation method.
丘陵地区葡萄的节水灌溉方法，将保肥保水剂加至水中进行灌溉，分别在发芽前灌溉1次、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉1次、果实膨大期灌溉1次、休眠期灌溉1次；The water-saving irrigation method for grapes in hilly areas is to add fertilizer and water-retaining agents to the water for irrigation, irrigate once before germination, irrigate once during shoot growth and young fruit expansion, irrigate once during fruit expansion, and irrigate during dormancy 1 time;
所述保肥保水剂是将尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钠混合制成。The fertilizer and water retaining agent is prepared by mixing urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch grafted acrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate.
进一步地，发芽前灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.5：0.4：0.5：1：1：30。Further, the weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation before germination is 0.5:0.4:0.5:1:1:30.
进一步地，新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.5：0.5：10。Further, the weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation in shoot growth and young fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.5:0.5:10.
进一步地，果实膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.4：0.4：8。Further, the weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation in the fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.4:0.4:8.
进一步地，休眠期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.2：0.2：0.2：1：1：20。Further, the weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation during the dormant period is 0.2:0.2:0.2:1:1:20.
进一步地，在发芽前灌溉量为15m3/亩、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉量为18m3/亩、果实膨大期灌溉量为12m3/亩、休眠期灌溉量为10m3/亩。Further, the irrigation volume before germination is 15m 3 /mu, the irrigation volume in shoot growth and young fruit expansion period is 18m 3 /mu, the irrigation volume in fruit expansion period is 12m 3 /mu, and the irrigation volume in dormant period is 10m 3 /mu .
进一步地，所述淀粉接枝丙烯酸为木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸。Further, the starch grafted acrylic acid is tapioca starch grafted acrylic acid.
进一步地，所述水中含有0.5-1wt%液态地膜。Further, the water contains 0.5-1wt% liquid mulch.
本发明将高分子保水剂与肥料复配混合后制成保肥保水剂添加至水中进行灌溉，一方面利用高分子保水剂的吸水功能将灌溉水储存，以节省后期的灌溉用水量；另一方面，利用高分子保水剂的载体功效负载肥料，以减少肥料的使用量，并提高其利用率。In the present invention, the polymer water-retaining agent is compounded and mixed with fertilizers to make a fertilizer and water-retaining agent and added to water for irrigation. On the one hand, the water-absorbing function of the polymer water-retaining agent is used to store irrigation water to save irrigation water in the later stage; On the one hand, the carrier effect of polymer water-retaining agent is used to load fertilizer to reduce the amount of fertilizer used and improve its utilization rate.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了实现果蔬丰产、果品优质，不仅需要进行灌溉，还需要考虑节水灌溉。In order to achieve high fruit and vegetable yields and high-quality fruits, not only irrigation is required, but water-saving irrigation also needs to be considered.
一般应抓好4个时期的灌水：Generally, we should do a good job of irrigation in 4 periods:
1. 花前水，又称催芽水。在葡萄发芽前后到开花前期，若土壤中有充足的水分，可促进新梢的生长，增大叶片面积，为丰产打下基础。因此，在春早地区，花前灌水能有效促进葡萄萌芽、开花、新梢叶片生长, 提高坐果率，一般可在萌芽前后灌水，提前灌效果更好。1. Pre-flower water, also known as germination water. Before and after grape germination to early flowering, if there is sufficient water in the soil, it can promote the growth of new shoots, increase the leaf area, and lay the foundation for high yield. Therefore, in early spring areas, pre-flowering irrigation can effectively promote grape germination, flowering, new shoot leaf growth, and increase fruit setting rate. Generally, irrigation can be performed before and after germination, and early irrigation has a better effect.
2. 花后水，又称催梢水。葡萄新梢生长和幼果膨大期是葡萄的需水临界期，此时葡萄的生理机能最旺盛，若土壤水分不足，会导致幼果皱缩和脱落,并影响根的吸收功能，减缓葡萄生长，明显降低产量。.因此，这一时期若遇干早，应及时进行灌概，一般可在落花后巧天至生理落果前灌水。2. After flowering water, also known as prompting shoot water. The period of grape shoot growth and young fruit expansion is the critical period of grape water demand. At this time, the physiological function of grapes is the most vigorous. If the soil moisture is insufficient, it will cause the young fruit to shrink and fall off, and affect the absorption function of the root, slowing down the growth of grapes. , significantly reducing yield. Therefore, if it is dry early during this period, it should be irrigated in time. Generally, it can be irrigated from the day after the flower falls to the physiological fruit drop.
3. 花芽分化水，又称成花保果水。就多数落叶葡萄而言，此时正值果实迅速膨大及花芽大量分化时期，应及时灌水。3. Water for flower bud differentiation, also known as flower-forming and fruit-preserving water. As far as most deciduous grapes are concerned, this is the period of rapid fruit expansion and a large number of flower bud differentiation, and watering should be done in time.
4. 休眠期灌水，即冬灌。一般在土壤结冻前进行，可起到防早御寒的作用，且有利于花芽发育，促使肥料分解，有利于葡萄次年春天生长。4. Irrigate during the dormant period, that is, winter irrigation. Generally, it is carried out before the soil freezes, which can prevent early cold, and is conducive to the development of flower buds, promotes the decomposition of fertilizers, and is conducive to the growth of grapes in the next spring.
镇江地区丘陵旱地占耕地面积比重大，丘陵耕地抗旱能力不强，水土流失和季节性干旱突出，干旱已成为制约丘陵地区农业发展的突出问题。由于丘陵旱地得不到及时的灌溉，浪费了该地区充足的温光资源，降低了农作物的产量和品质。传统的果园灌溉系统大多还是靠人工操作， 凭借经验和感觉对果园进行灌溉， 既不节省水资源， 同时耗费工时，粗放式的灌溉方式也影响果品的产量和品质。In Zhenjiang area, the hilly dry land accounts for a large proportion of the cultivated land area, and the hilly cultivated land is not strong in drought resistance, and the soil erosion and seasonal drought are prominent. Drought has become a prominent problem restricting the agricultural development in the hilly area. Due to the lack of timely irrigation of the hilly dry land, the sufficient temperature and light resources in the area are wasted, and the yield and quality of crops are reduced. Most of the traditional orchard irrigation systems still rely on manual operation, relying on experience and feeling to irrigate the orchard, which does not save water resources, and at the same time consumes man-hours. Extensive irrigation methods also affect the yield and quality of fruit.
本发明将高分子保水剂与肥料复配混合后制成保肥保水剂添加至水中进行灌溉，一方面利用高分子保水剂的吸水功能将灌溉水储存，以节省后期的灌溉用水量；另一方面，利用高分子保水剂的载体功效负载肥料，以减少肥料的使用量，并提高其利用率。In the present invention, the polymer water-retaining agent is compounded and mixed with fertilizers to make a fertilizer and water-retaining agent and added to water for irrigation. On the one hand, the water-absorbing function of the polymer water-retaining agent is used to store irrigation water to save irrigation water in the later stage; On the one hand, the carrier effect of polymer water-retaining agent is used to load fertilizer to reduce the amount of fertilizer used and improve its utilization rate.
此外，本发明还在灌溉过程中加入液态地膜，液态地膜喷施地表后能迅速形成胶结薄膜，将土粒联结成团聚体，从而提高地温、抑制蒸发。液态地膜能够改良土壤结构，改善土壤的通气及水热状况，增温保墒、减少肥料和农药的流失、提高肥效。In addition, the present invention also adds liquid plastic film during the irrigation process, and the liquid plastic film can quickly form a cemented film after spraying on the ground surface, and connect soil particles into aggregates, thereby increasing ground temperature and inhibiting evaporation. Liquid mulch can improve soil structure, improve soil ventilation and water and heat conditions, increase temperature and moisture retention, reduce the loss of fertilizers and pesticides, and improve fertilizer efficiency.
实施例1Example 1
丘陵地区葡萄的节水灌溉方法，将保肥保水剂加至水中进行灌溉，分别在发芽前灌溉1次、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉1次、果实膨大期灌溉1次、休眠期灌溉1次；The water-saving irrigation method for grapes in hilly areas is to add fertilizer and water-retaining agents to the water for irrigation, irrigate once before germination, irrigate once during shoot growth and young fruit expansion, irrigate once during fruit expansion, and irrigate during dormancy 1 time;
所述保肥保水剂是将尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钠混合制成。The fertilizer and water retaining agent is prepared by mixing urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch grafted acrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate.
发芽前灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.5：0.4：0.5：1：1：30。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation before germination is 0.5:0.4:0.5:1:1:30.
新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.5：0.5：10。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water in the shoot growth and young fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.5:0.5:10.
果实膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.4：0.4：8。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water in the fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.4:0.4:8.
休眠期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.2：0.2：0.2：1：1：20。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation during the dormant period is 0.2:0.2:0.2:1:1:20.
在发芽前灌溉量为15m3/亩、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉量为18m3/亩、果实膨大期灌溉量为12m3/亩、休眠期灌溉量为10m3/亩。The irrigation amount was 15m 3 /mu before germination, 18m 3 /mu in the shoot growth and young fruit expansion period, 12m 3 /mu in the fruit expansion period, and 10m 3 /mu in the dormant period.
所述淀粉接枝丙烯酸为木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸。The starch grafted acrylic acid is tapioca starch grafted acrylic acid.
葡萄在开花、花芽分化、新梢生长期都需要大量的营养，因此，在花前花后还需追施速效肥料。在幼果膨大前期，根部追施尿素15-20公斤/亩、复合肥15-20公斤/亩。Grapes need a lot of nutrients during flowering, flower bud differentiation, and new shoot growth. Therefore, quick-acting fertilizers need to be topdressed before and after flowering. In the early stage of young fruit expansion, topdress the roots with 15-20 kg/mu of urea and 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
采用上述灌溉方法，可节水100 m3/亩、增产400kg/亩、节省工时7个。Using the above irrigation method can save water by 100 m 3 /mu, increase production by 400kg/mu, and save 7 man-hours.
实施例2Example 2
丘陵地区葡萄的节水灌溉方法，将保肥保水剂加至水中进行灌溉，分别在发芽前灌溉1次、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉1次、果实膨大期灌溉1次、休眠期灌溉1次；The water-saving irrigation method for grapes in hilly areas is to add fertilizer and water-retaining agents to the water for irrigation, irrigate once before germination, irrigate once during shoot growth and young fruit expansion, irrigate once during fruit expansion, and irrigate during dormancy 1 time;
所述保肥保水剂是将尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸和聚丙烯酸钠混合制成。The fertilizer and water retaining agent is prepared by mixing urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch grafted acrylic acid and sodium polyacrylate.
发芽前灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.5：0.4：0.5：1：1：30。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation before germination is 0.5:0.4:0.5:1:1:30.
新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.5：0.5：10。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water in the shoot growth and young fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.5:0.5:10.
果实膨大期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为1：0.8：0.8：0.4：0.4：8。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water in the fruit expansion stage is 1:0.8:0.8:0.4:0.4:8.
休眠期灌溉的尿素、氯化钾、磷酸铵、淀粉接枝丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸钠和水重量比为0.2：0.2：0.2：1：1：20。The weight ratio of urea, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate, starch-grafted acrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate and water for irrigation during the dormant period is 0.2:0.2:0.2:1:1:20.
在发芽前灌溉量为15m3/亩、新梢生长和幼果膨大期灌溉量为18m3/亩、果实膨大期灌溉量为12m3/亩、休眠期灌溉量为10m3/亩。The irrigation amount was 15m 3 /mu before germination, 18m 3 /mu in the shoot growth and young fruit expansion period, 12m 3 /mu in the fruit expansion period, and 10m 3 /mu in the dormant period.
所述淀粉接枝丙烯酸为木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸。The starch grafted acrylic acid is tapioca starch grafted acrylic acid.
所述水中含有0.5-1wt%液态地膜。The water contains 0.5-1wt% liquid plastic film.
葡萄在开花、花芽分化、新梢生长期都需要大量的营养，因此，在花前花后还需追施速效肥料。在幼果膨大前期，根部追施尿素15-20公斤/亩、复合肥15-20公斤/亩。Grapes need a lot of nutrients during flowering, flower bud differentiation, and new shoot growth. Therefore, quick-acting fertilizers need to be topdressed before and after flowering. In the early stage of young fruit expansion, topdress the roots with 15-20 kg/mu of urea and 15-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
采用上述灌溉方法，可节水120 m3/亩、增产420kg/亩、节省工时8个。Using the above irrigation method can save water by 120 m 3 /mu, increase production by 420kg/mu, and save 8 man-hours.
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