CN107455124B

CN107455124B - Cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata

Info

Publication number: CN107455124B
Application number: CN201710713422.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任东升; 邓强; 黄进; 鲁有均; 黄铭; 汤勇; 王涛
Original assignee: Tibet Rhodiola Pharmaceutical Holding Co
Current assignee: Tibet Rhodiola Pharmaceutical Holding Co
Priority date: 2017-08-18
Filing date: 2017-08-18
Publication date: 2020-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-18
Also published as: CN107455124A

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata, which comprises the following steps: (1) fertilizing, soil preparation, ridging and ground covering; (2) preparing seedlings for field cultivation; (3) transplanting the seedlings into a field: transplanting seedlings when the ground temperature rises to more than 5 ℃ in 4-5 months, punching holes on the ground cloth during transplanting, and then putting the rhodiola crenulata seedlings into the holes; (4) field management: watering, topdressing, weeding and pest control; (5) and (6) harvesting. The method can realize large-scale production of rhodiola crenulata, the obtained medicinal materials have stable quality and high yield, the market shortage of wild resources is made up, the sustainable development of the Tibetan medicinal material industry is facilitated, and the method has good popularization and application values.

Description

Cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata.

Background

Rhodiola crenulata Rhodiola crenulata (HK.f.et Thoms.) H.Ohba is perennial herb of Rhodiola of Crassulaceae, and is mainly distributed in 2800-. It contains rich salidroside, flavone, multiple vitamins and trace elements, and also contains 17 amino acids necessary for organism, and is known as "high-altitude ginseng", which is the only rhodiola medicinal material recorded in pharmacopoeia of national 2015 edition. Research shows that the rhodiola crenulata has various effects of resisting anoxia, fatigue, cold, virus, tumor and the like, and has wide development and utilization prospects.

In recent years, with the discovery of medicinal economic value and scientific research value of people on rhodiola crenulata, the demand of rhodiola crenulata is rapidly increased, rhodiola crenulata in the market is mainly derived from wild resources, and under the drive of benefits, the wild resources are harvested and dug in a large number in a predatory manner, so that the original rare resource amount is gradually reduced, and the naturally-growing rhodiola crenulata grows slowly and has low natural germination rate of seeds, so that plants are endangered and died, and the development of the rhodiola crenulata industry is very unfavorable. Therefore, in order to ensure the continuity of the supply of rhodiola crenulata, the research on the artificial cultivation of rhodiola crenulata is urgently carried out.

At present, the seedling breeding and cultivation technology of rhodiola crenulata is not mature, the industrialized cultivation of rhodiola crenulata is not seen, only a few cultivation reports exist, but some problems exist in the aspects of seedling breeding and field maintenance and management. For example, patent application publication No. CN 101361446 a provides a rhodiola crenulata cultivation method, which comprises first raising seedlings of seeds in the field, then transplanting the seedlings to the field for cultivation and management, not only is the seedling raising process complicated and limited by seasons, but also the yield of rhodiola crenulata per mu is only 150 kg, and further improvement is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rhodiola crenulata cultivation method, which aims to solve the current situation that the rhodiola crenulata cannot be artificially planted at present, and further solve the problem of medicinal material source of the rhodiola crenulata.

The invention provides a cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata, which comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizing, soil preparation, ridging and ground covering;

the method for ridging and covering the ground comprises the following steps: the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge width is 30cm, then the gardening ground fabric covers the ridge surface, and the corners of the ground fabric are covered with soil;

(3) preparing seedlings for field cultivation;

(3) transplanting the seedlings into a field: transplanting seedlings when the ground temperature rises to more than 5 ℃ in 4-5 months, punching holes on the ground cloth during transplanting, and then putting the rhodiola crenulata seedlings into the holes;

(4) field management: watering, topdressing, weeding and pest control;

the topdressing method comprises the following steps: and (3) performing primary topdressing after transplanting the seedlings for 1 month, and applying 15 percent per mu: 15: 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; fertilizing is repeated for 1 time every 1 month until 10 months in the year;

(4) and (6) harvesting.

Ground temperature: here the temperature is 10cm deep below the ground.

Wherein in the step (1), the soil for fertilizing is sunward, has flat topography, good irrigation and drainage conditions, loose and fertile soil and sandy loam rich in organic matters;

the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg and 15 per mu of land: 15: 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;

in the land preparation, fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed, and the land preparation depth is 30 cm;

and/or, in the step (1), spraying an insecticide on the surface of the ridge before ground covering, wherein the insecticide is 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution, and the amount of the insecticide is 10L per mu.

In the step (2), the preparation method of the seedling comprises the following steps:

a. seed emergence: taking rhodiola crenulata seeds, sowing the seeds in a seedling-raising tray matrix, watering and fertilizing, and cultivating the seeds to emerge;

b. seedling separation and transplanting: after seedling emergence, when 3-6 true leaves grow out of 80% of seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a new seedling raising plate for growth;

c. hardening seedlings for later use;

wherein, the seedling emergence and the seedling separating transplantation of the seeds are carried out in a seedling raising room;

per 1kg of matrix: contains 5-10g of streptomyces microflavus, 1-2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix; the base matrix is prepared from turf stone with the weight parts of 2:1: perlite: vermiculite composition;

wherein the effective viable count of the streptomyces microflavus is more than or equal to 10 hundred million per gram;

the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the content of potassium oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the pH value is 9-10.

Wherein, per 1kg of matrix: contains 5g of streptomyces microflavus, 2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix;

or, per 1kg of matrix: contains 5g of streptomyces microflavus, 1g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix;

or, per 1kg of matrix: contains 10g of streptomyces microflavus, 2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix.

Wherein, before sowing and transplanting seedlings, 1.5 times of water by weight is added into the substrate.

Wherein the temperature of the seedling raising room is controlled to be 5-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 30-80%, the illumination time is 12 h/day, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 Lx;

preferably, the daily temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the night temperature is controlled to be 5-15 ℃, the daytime humidity is controlled to be 30-60%, and the night humidity is controlled to be 50-80%.

In the step a, the seedling raising discs are 50-hole discs, and 400 seeds are broadcast to each hole disc;

and/or, in step a,

the watering method comprises the following steps: spraying clear water to the germinated seedlings once a day within 15 days of sowing until small water drops exist on the leaf surfaces; after 15 days of seeding, watering the seedling matrix once a week and occasionally carrying out dry water supplement, wherein the matrix is soaked every time;

the fertilizing method comprises the following steps of; applying a foliar fertilizer for 1 time every week after 15 days of seeding, wherein the foliar fertilizer is formed by mixing 0.5-1% of urea solution and 0.1-0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution;

preferably, urea is present at a concentration of 1% and monopotassium phosphate is present at a concentration of 0.2%.

Wherein, in the step b, when 80 percent of seedlings grow 5 to 6 true leaves, the seedlings are divided;

in the step c, when 80% of the seedlings grow 1-5 branches, the height of the seedlings is more than 3cm, and the diameter of the rootstock is more than or equal to 1cm, hardening the seedlings.

In the step (3), the punching method comprises the following steps: punching according to the plant spacing of 25cm and the row spacing of 30cm, wherein the hole diameter is 6cm, and the hole depth is 10 cm;

wherein, the transplanting of the seedlings to the field is carried out with the matrix, and the rhodiola crenulata seedlings with the matrix are put into the holes together when the seedlings are transplanted, and then the matrix is covered by soil.

In the step (4), the watering method comprises the following steps: a, pouring root fixing water: watering the seedlings for one time in time after the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the watering needs to be light, so that the soil near the seedlings is prevented from being washed away and water is not accumulated; b, watering for many times in a small amount, but not obtaining accumulated water so as to ensure the water demand for the normal growth of the rhodiola crenulata;

in the step (5), the harvesting is carried out 4 years after the seedlings are transplanted in the field.

The cultivation method has the following advantages:

1. the mode of ridging cultivation and mulching film in gardening is adopted during field cultivation, so that serious diseases caused by excessive rainwater in the seedling growth period are effectively prevented, and the fertilizer, water and grass are preserved.

2. The top dressing of the invention adopts a mode of a small amount of fertilizer application for a plurality of times, can be more suitable for rainy days of the rhodiola crenulata in the field growth environment, and ensures that the rhodiola crenulata has sufficient nutrient supply and higher yield.

3. The seed seedling method is simple to operate, high in seed germination rate and seedling rate, uniform in seedling growth, high in seedling transplanting survival rate, capable of seedling year-round and wide in seedling point selection adaptability.

4. When the seedlings are transplanted to the field, the overground part branches and the underground part roots grow well and are transplanted with the matrix, so that the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted to the field is effectively improved.

Therefore, the rhodiola crenulata cultivation method provided by the invention can realize large-scale production of rhodiola crenulata by selecting specific seed seedling raising parameters and field cultivation and management conditions, the yield of the obtained medicinal materials is up to 300 kilograms per mu, the quality is good, the market shortage of wild resources is effectively made up, the sustainable development of the rhodiola crenulata cultivation industry is facilitated, and the method has good popularization and application values.

Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the seedlings about to enter the seedling hardening area.

FIG. 2 shows rhodiola crenulata transplanted into a field for 1 year.

FIG. 3 shows rhodiola crenulata transplanted into a field for 2 years.

FIG. 4 shows rhodiola crenulata transplanted into a field for 4 years.

Detailed Description

The reagents and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and are obtained by purchasing commercially available products.

Example 1 cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata of the present invention

Preparation before broadcast

1. Land selection

A cultivation site: the city of Linzhi, Tibetan autonomous region, more Jolmo nationality of Ministry.

Selecting sandy loam which is sunny, flat in terrain, good in irrigation and drainage conditions, loose and fertile in soil and rich in organic matters in more Jolmo nationality of the Linzhi city of the Tibet autonomous region and the Tibet pharmaceutical industry planting base as a rhodiola crenulata planting plot.

2. Soil preparation

Land preparation is carried out on land blocks in 3-4 months every year, decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of land before land preparation, 15: 15: and 15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and then uniformly mixing the fertilizer and soil in a land preparation manner. The soil preparation depth is about 30cm, and the soil preparation needs to be refined and leveled.

3. Ridging and mulching ground cloth

The ridges are slightly higher because rhodiola crenulata prefers to be wet and is not waterlogging tolerant. The ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge width is 30cm, after ridging is finished, 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution is sprayed on the ridge surface, and 10L of 1000 times of phoxim emulsion is used per mu; then, a gardening ground cloth with the width of 80cm is flatly covered on the ridge surface, the corners of the ground cloth are covered with soil, and the ground cloth is tightened and compacted.

Seedling raising of rhodiola crenulata

1. Preparation before sowing

(1) Seed selection

Before sowing, seeds to be sown are selected, and seeds with diseases and insect pests and empty and shriveled seeds are removed.

(2) Preparation of nursery

One week before sowing seeds, a culture rack and a floor in a seedling culture room are cleaned and checked to ensure that instruments such as a light source, a light source timer, an air conditioner and a humidifier on the culture rack can normally work, and then a fumigant is used for disinfecting the seedling culture room before seedling culture.

(3) Preparation of seedling substrate

The formula of the seedling substrate is as follows:

per 1kg of matrix: contains 5g of streptomyces microflavus, 2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix; the base matrix is prepared from turf stone with the weight parts of 2:1: perlite: vermiculite composition.

Wherein, streptomyces microflavus, also called 5406 antibiotic bacteria, has effective viable count more than or equal to 10 hundred million per gram, and the source is: qingdao coast Damei Biotech Co., Ltd.

Potassium humate, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 70 percent, the content of potassium oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent, the pH value is 9-10, and the source is as follows: humic acid Co., Ltd, laterite of Pingxiang city.

One day before sowing seeds, putting a seedling culture substrate into a large container, adding water in an amount which is 1.5 times the weight of the seedling culture substrate until the substrate is saturated by water, then putting the substrate into a 50-hole tray, slightly compacting the substrate, leveling the substrate on the surface of the hole tray, and then moving the hole tray filled with the substrate into a seedling culture chamber to a culture frame for sowing.

2. Seeding

Uniformly spreading the seeds of the selected rhodiola crenulata on the whole plug tray according to the density of 400 grains of each plug tray, and then spraying a layer of clear water on the seeds and the matrix by using a fine nozzle spray can to ensure that the seeds are fully contacted with the matrix. After the sowing is finished, a light source on the culture frame is started to promote the seeds to germinate rapidly, the seeds start to germinate after 3 days, the seedlings are aligned after 7 days, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches over 90 percent.

3. Indoor illumination, temperature and humidity management for seedling culture

The temperature and humidity in the seedling raising room are adjusted by an air conditioner and a humidifier in the whole seedling raising period, so that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, the humidity is 30-60% in the daytime, and the air conditioner and the humidifier are not started at night. The light source is started for 07:30 to 19:30, the time is 12 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 2000 and 2500 Lx.

4. Seedling water and fertilizer management

Spraying clear water to the germinated seedlings once a day within 15 days after sowing, preferably small water drops on the leaf surfaces. And the foliar fertilizer is not sprayed to the seedlings in the period, so that the seedlings are prevented from being too weak and burning.

Spraying a leaf fertilizer once per week after 15 days of seeding, wherein the formula of the leaf fertilizer comprises 0.5-1% of urea and 0.1-0.2% of monopotassium phosphate multiple solution, the concentration of the urea is preferably 1%, the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate is preferably 0.2%, and about 15ml of leaf fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed on each plug; the seedling matrix is watered once a week, the whole plug matrix is preferably soaked completely, and water is replenished at variable time according to the moisture condition of the matrix.

5. Seedling pest control management

Disease control is carried out on seedlings in a seedling room once every 15 days, the control method is leaf surface spraying, and the control agent is preferably carbendazim 1000 times liquid; the pest control management is suitable for keeping indoor seedling raising cleanness, sanitation and relative independence, namely, the pest control management is mainly carried out on prevention and is assisted by treatment, pests in the seedling raising room are mainly carried out on aphids, and the treatment method is preferably carried out by spraying 4000-times liquid of imidacloprid (10 percent of active ingredients).

6. Seedling transplanting

And (3) transplanting the seedlings in a seedling division manner when 80% of the seedlings in the same batch (sowing period) have grown the 5 th and 6 th leaves, transplanting the seedlings into a new plug tray again, wherein the matrix ratio of the new plug tray is the same as that of the original matrix, 1 seedling is planted in each plug hole, and 50 seedlings are planted in each plug tray. When the seedlings are transplanted, 1000 times of carbendazim solution is used for soaking the roots of the transplanted seedlings to reduce the occurrence of diseases. When the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are divided into 3-4 leaf seedlings, 5-6 leaf seedlings and 7-8 leaf or 1 branch seedlings according to the sizes of the seedlings, and then the seedlings are respectively transplanted into different plug trays, so that the seedlings in the single plug tray grow neatly. The time from seeding to seedling separation and transplanting of the seedlings is about 100 days, and the survival rate of the seedling separation and transplanting of the seedlings reaches more than 92 percent.

And (4) continuously growing the seedlings until the seedlings are hardened and transplanted separately, and continuously growing the seedlings in the seedling growing room for 90 days, and moving the seedlings out of the seedling growing room to enter a seedling hardening area for hardening the seedlings.

The seedlings which are about to enter the seedling hardening area are shown in figure 1.

7. Hardening off seedlings

And (3) when the seedlings grow to have 1-5 branches in the seedling culture room, the height of the seedlings reaches more than 3cm and the diameter of the rootstock is more than 1cm, moving the seedlings from the seedling culture room to a seedling hardening area to start hardening the seedlings.

The seedling exercising area should have a sunshade net and the capability of primarily controlling the temperature, a greenhouse is suitable, the sunshade net with the shading rate of 50 percent is arranged in the seedling exercising area, and the linear height of the seedling hole tray from the sunshade net is more than 50 cm. Completely unfolding the sunshade net within 15 days after seedling hardening, opening the side film or the skylight to cool when the temperature is higher than 28 ℃ in the daytime, and closing the side film or the skylight to preserve heat when the temperature is 20 ℃ at night; after hardening seedlings for 15 days, the opening time of the sunshade net is gradually reduced in the daytime until the sunshade net is not opened in the 22 th day, and the side film or the skylight is opened at night to make the temperature of the seedling hardening area consistent with the outside temperature. The whole seedling hardening period lasts about 30 days, the water content of the substrate is not less than 30% during the seedling hardening period, and the seedling wilting death caused by the overdry of the substrate is prevented. The survival rate of the seedlings can reach 94 percent during the seedling hardening period.

Third, transplanting in field

1. Punching and transplanting

Transplanting rhodiola crenulata seedlings can be started when the temperature of the ground rises to more than 5 ℃ every 4-5 months, holes are drilled on ridges covered with ground cloth before transplanting according to the row spacing of 25cm and the row spacing of 30cm, the diameter of each hole is 6cm, the depth of each hole is 10cm, 2 rows of rhodiola crenulata are planted on each ridge, rhodiola crenulata seedlings with matrixes are spread together and placed into holes, then soil is covered according to the real soil, and the depth of the covered soil is preferably used for covering the matrixes.

2. Root watering water

And (3) watering the seedlings in time once after the transplanting of the seedlings is finished, wherein the watering needs to be light, so that the soil near the seedlings is prevented from being washed away, and water accumulation is avoided.

3. Topdressing

After the rhodiola crenulata seedlings are transplanted for 1 month, performing first topdressing, and applying 15% in each mu of hole: 15: and (3) 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, drilling a 5cm deep hole in a 5cm plant during fertilization, adding the compound fertilizer, and sealing the hole. And uniformly watering the fertilization plots for 1 time after fertilization. And (4) performing hole application of the compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 month until 10 months, and after 10 months, pouring seedlings without fertilizing.

4. Watering

Watering for a few times, but no water accumulation is generated, so as to ensure the water demand for the normal growth of the rhodiola crenulata.

5. Weeding

The weeding needs to be carried out for removing small weeds and early weeds, the first weeding is carried out when the weeds begin to sprout after the temperature rises in the middle 3 months, and the weeds are removed as much as possible each time.

6. Pest control

The rhodiola crenulata insect pest is mainly caused by black beetle, grub and wireworm.

The 2.5 percent high-efficiency cyhalothrin 500-fold liquid is uniformly sprayed on rhodiola crenulata seedlings in the evening, and the liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days until the black beetles are completely killed.

When the composition is used for controlling grub, wireworm and other underground pests, 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution is sprayed on ridge surfaces before the ground is covered on the ridge, and then the ground is covered immediately to kill the underground pests.

The disease is mainly caused by root rot, when the disease occurs, the root is irrigated by 800 times of Zhongshengmycin solution, 500 times of carbendazim solution, 600 times of procymidone solution or 1000 times of Amimizami solution and 1000 times of agricultural streptomycin solution, and the root irrigation is carried out 1 time every 7 days until the disease is cured.

The rhodiola crenulata grown in the field is shown in fig. 2-4.

7. Harvesting

The rhodiola crenulata is harvested 4 years after the rhodiola crenulata is transplanted, and the harvesting is carried out in sunny days after the overground part of the rhodiola crenulata withers in the middle and late 10 months of each year.

During collection, branches and leaves of the overground part are removed, the underground part is dug out by a hoe, redundant soil is shaken off, the soil is conveyed to a drying dam for drying, and then the residual soil is shaken off and conveyed to a factory building for processing. The washing is not needed in the process.

After the medicinal materials are conveyed to a factory building, the medicinal materials are dried in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24 hours and then taken out, after the medicinal materials are rewetted, the medicinal materials are repeatedly kneaded by hands to remove mixed soil and surface impurities, and then the medicinal materials are put back into the oven to be dried at the temperature of 80 ℃. Drying, loading into paper box, and storing in dry and low-temperature ventilated warehouse.

The yield of the rhodiola crenulata medicinal material obtained by the method can reach more than 300 kilograms per mu; and through determination, the salidroside content can reach 1.32%, which is far more than 0.5% specified in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2015 edition, one part), and the quality of the medicinal materials is good.

The beneficial effects of the invention are illustrated by way of test examples as follows:

test example 1 screening of rhodiola crenulata seedling substrate

In the process of seedling culture, the selection of the matrix is quite critical, and the proper matrix is favorable for seed germination and seedling growth promotion; the matrix is not properly selected, the germination rate of the seeds is low, and the seedlings grow slowly and easily die.

The inventor screens the substrate of the seedling tray during the process of culturing the rhodiola crenulata, and other seedling culturing conditions are the same as example 1.

The matrix formulation and screening results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 matrix screening test formulation and results

Numbering	Matrix formulations	Rate of emergence (%)	100 days seedling survival (%)
				1	A	74％	65％
2	A+B1	83％	79％
				3	A+B2	78％	73％
4	A+C1	81％	76％
				5	A+C2	83％	80％
6	A+C3	76％	68％
				7	A+B1+C1	89％	84％
8	A+B1+C2	92％	87％
				9	A+B1+C3	81％	74％
10	A+B2+C1	84％	79％
				11	A+B2+C2	88％	82％
12	A+B2+C3	79％	70％

Wherein,

a: the basic matrix formula obtained by primary screening comprises the following components: perlite: vermiculite 2:1: 1;

b: streptomyces microflavus, also called 5406 antibiotic bacteria, has effective viable count of more than or equal to 10 hundred million per gram, and the source is: qingdao coast Damei Biotech Co., Ltd;

b1, the inoculation dose of the streptomyces microflavus is 5g/kg on a dry basis;

b2, the inoculation dose of the streptomyces microflavus is 10g/kg on a dry basis;

c: potassium humate, the content of humic acid is more than or equal to 70 percent, the content of potassium oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent, the pH value is 9-10, and the source is as follows: humic acid limited of laterite of Pingxiang city;

c1: the addition amount of potassium humate is 1g/kg on a dry basis;

c2: the addition amount of potassium humate is 2g/kg on a dry basis;

c3: the addition amount of potassium humate was 4g/kg on a dry basis.

As can be seen from table 1, the emergence rate (i.e., seed germination rate) was above 84% using the substrate formulations of nos. 7, 8, 10, and 11; moreover, the survival rate of the seedlings is high in 100 days, and the seedling separation and transplantation of the seedlings are facilitated. The substrate formula of the number 8 is optimal, the emergence rate is as high as 92%, the seedling survival rate in 100 days is also optimal, and the substrate formula is best for rhodiola crenulata seed seedling culture.

When the matrixes with other numbers are used, the emergence rate and the survival rate are low, and the seedling raising effect is not ideal.

Therefore, by adopting the rhodiola crenulata cultivation method, the obtained medicinal materials have high yield and good quality under the specific parameter condition, can realize the large-scale production of the rhodiola crenulata, and has good application prospect.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:

(1) fertilizing, soil preparation, ridging and ground covering; spraying insecticide on the surface of the ridge before covering the ground, wherein the insecticide is 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution, and the amount of the insecticide is 10L per mu; the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: applying decomposed farmyard manure 2000kg and 15 per mu of land: 15: 20kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer;

the method for ridging and covering the ground comprises the following steps: the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 60cm, the ridge width is 30cm, then the ground cloth covers the ridge surface, and the corners of the ground cloth are covered with soil;

(2) preparing seedlings for field cultivation; the preparation method of the seedling comprises the following steps:

b. seedling separation and transplanting: after seedling emergence, when 80% of seedlings grow 3-6 true leaves, transplanting the seedlings into a new seedling raising plate matrix for growth;

c. hardening seedlings for later use;

per 1kg of matrix: contains 5-10g of streptomyces microflavus, 1-2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix; the base matrix is prepared from turf with the weight parts of 2:1: perlite: vermiculite composition;

the content of humic acid in the potassium humate is more than or equal to 70 percent, the content of potassium oxide is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the pH value is 9-10;

(4) field management: watering, topdressing, weeding and pest control;

(5) and (6) harvesting.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the soil for fertilizing is sunward, the terrain is flat, the irrigation and drainage conditions are good, the soil is loose and fertile, and sandy loam rich in organic matters is obtained;

and in the step of land preparation, fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed, and the land preparation depth is 30 cm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

per 1kg of matrix: contains 5g of streptomyces microflavus, 2g of potassium humate and the balance of basic matrix;

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: before sowing and transplanting seedlings, 1.5 times of water by weight is added into the matrix.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the seedling raising room is controlled to be 5-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 30-80%, the illumination time is 12 h/day, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 Lx.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the daily temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the night temperature is controlled to be 5-15 ℃, the daytime humidity is controlled to be 30-60%, and the night humidity is controlled to be 50-80%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the seedling raising tray is a 50-hole tray, and 400 seeds are broadcast in each hole tray.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the step (c),

the fertilizing method comprises the following steps of; applying the foliar fertilizer for 1 time every week after 15 days of seeding, wherein the foliar fertilizer is formed by mixing 0.5-1% of urea solution and 0.1-0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: urea was 1% in concentration and monopotassium phosphate was 0.2% in concentration.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein:

in the step b, when 80% of seedlings grow 5-6 true leaves, dividing the seedlings;

11. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the punching method comprises the following steps: punching according to the plant spacing of 25cm and the row spacing of 30cm, wherein the hole diameter is 6cm, and the hole depth is 10 cm;

12. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the watering method comprises the following steps: a, pouring root fixing water: watering the seedlings for one time in time after the seedlings are transplanted, wherein the watering needs to be light, so that the soil near the seedlings is prevented from being washed away and no water is accumulated; b, watering for many times in a small amount, but not obtaining accumulated water so as to ensure the water demand for the normal growth of the rhodiola crenulata;