CN107453867A - A kind of reciprocation type Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key delivering method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及到一种密钥分发领域，尤其涉及到一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分布方法及装置。The invention relates to the field of key distribution, in particular to a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method and device.
背景技术Background technique
在计算机信息技术迅速发展的背景下，信息技术对信息安全性的要求日益增加。近年来，由于量子密钥分发技术能够在物理上保证通信的无条件安全性，而引起人们的广泛关注。Under the background of the rapid development of computer information technology, the requirements of information technology for information security are increasing day by day. In recent years, because the quantum key distribution technology can physically guarantee the unconditional security of communication, it has attracted widespread attention.
量子密钥分发技术整体上可分为两大类：离散变量量子密钥分发和连续变量量子密钥分发。和离散变量量子密钥分发相比，连续变量量子密钥分发具有更高的码率，因此，吸引了许多研究人员进行理论上和实验上的大量研究。依赖量子力学的基本原理，连续变量的理论安全性已经被严格证明。然而，其实际安全性仍处于研究阶段。而实际安全性的相关研究中，一个主要的问题就是本振光的问题：初始的连续变量量子密钥分发协议需要将本振光从发送端发送到接收端与信号进行干涉，而窃听者可以在信道中通过改变本振光达到窃取信息的目的。Quantum key distribution technology can be generally divided into two categories: discrete variable quantum key distribution and continuous variable quantum key distribution. Compared with discrete variable quantum key distribution, continuous variable quantum key distribution has a higher code rate, so it attracts many researchers to do a lot of theoretical and experimental research. Relying on the basic principles of quantum mechanics, the theoretical security of continuous variables has been rigorously proven. However, its actual safety is still in the research stage. In the research on actual security, one of the main problems is the problem of local oscillator light: the initial continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol needs to send local oscillator light from the sending end to the receiving end to interfere with the signal, and the eavesdropper can In the channel, the purpose of stealing information is achieved by changing the local oscillator light.
为了弥补这一漏洞，一些研究人员提出了不传输本振光，而在接收端产生本振光的方案，该方案在一定程度上解决了传输本振光的漏洞问题，但该方案不足之处在于本地产生的本振光与信号光频率不一致，相位变化大，因此会产生较大的相位噪声，且由于本振光与信号光经过的信道不同，偏振会随着时间而发生漂移，导致干涉质量下降，因此该方案的长时间稳定性也较差。In order to make up for this loophole, some researchers have proposed a scheme that does not transmit local oscillator light, but generates local oscillator light at the receiving end. This scheme solves the loophole problem of transmitting local oscillator light to a certain extent, but the shortcomings of this scheme The frequency of the locally generated local oscillator light is inconsistent with that of the signal light, and the phase change is large, so a large phase noise will be generated, and because the channels of the local oscillator light and the signal light pass through different channels, the polarization will drift with time, resulting in interference The quality is reduced, so the solution is less stable in the long term.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有不传输本振光方案的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分布方法及装置，以减少相位噪声，提高偏振的稳定性。Aiming at the defects of existing schemes that do not transmit local oscillator light, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method and device to reduce phase noise and improve polarization stability.
为实现上述目的，本发明是根据以下技术方案实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved according to the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
步骤一、脉冲源产生：连续变量量子密钥分发系统的发送端产生脉冲源；Step 1, pulse source generation: the sending end of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system generates a pulse source;
步骤二、本振光和信号光分离：将脉冲源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光，并将本振光和信号光分离；Step 2. Separation of local oscillator light and signal light: divide the pulse source into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light, and separate the local oscillator light and signal light;
步骤三、量子信号高斯调制：信号光传输至接收端，并将信息加载在信号光上；Step 3. Quantum signal Gaussian modulation: the signal light is transmitted to the receiving end, and the information is loaded on the signal light;
步骤四、量子信号反向：接收端信号调制后，将信号反向，并经同一信道返回发送端；Step 4. Reverse the quantum signal: After the signal at the receiving end is modulated, reverse the signal and return it to the sending end through the same channel;
步骤五、量子信号检测：将返回到发送端的信号光和本地产生的本振光对齐，并进行相干检测，通过对后端电信号过采样，获取原始密钥。Step 5. Quantum signal detection: Align the signal light returned to the sending end with the local oscillator light generated locally, and perform coherent detection, and obtain the original key by oversampling the back-end electrical signal.
上述技术方案中，在所述步骤一中，连续变量量子密钥分发系统的发送端通过窄线宽激光器产生连续光，并通过一个高消光比的强度调制器将连续光切割为脉冲源。In the above technical solution, in the first step, the transmitting end of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system generates continuous light through a narrow linewidth laser, and cuts the continuous light into a pulse source through an intensity modulator with a high extinction ratio.
上述技术方案中，在所述步骤二中，通过一个99：1的分束器将脉冲光源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光。In the above technical solution, in the second step, a 99:1 beam splitter divides the pulsed light source into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light.
上述技术方案中，在所述步骤四中，通过法拉第镜将信号反向。In the above technical solution, in the fourth step, the signal is reversed through a Faraday mirror.
上述技术方案中，在所述步骤五中，返回到发送端的信号光和本地产生的本振光通过可调延时线使两脉冲对齐。In the above technical solution, in the fifth step, the signal light returned to the sending end and the local oscillator light generated locally pass through an adjustable delay line to align the two pulses.
本发明还提供了一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发装置，其特征在于，包括发送端和接收端，所述的发送端，其包括：The present invention also provides a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution device, characterized in that it includes a sending end and a receiving end, and the sending end includes:
脉冲源发生器，其用于产生脉冲源；a pulse source generator for generating a pulse source;
分束器，其与脉冲发生器连接，并用于将脉冲光源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光；以及a beam splitter, which is connected with the pulse generator, and is used to divide the pulsed light source into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light; and
检测系统，其分别与脉冲源发生器和分束器连接，并用于将返回到发送端的信号光和本地产生的本振光对齐，并进行相干检测，通过对后端电信号过采样，获取原始密钥；The detection system is connected to the pulse source generator and the beam splitter respectively, and is used to align the signal light returned to the sending end with the local oscillator light generated locally, and perform coherent detection. By oversampling the back-end electrical signal, the original key;
所述的接收端，其包括：The receiving end includes:
高斯调制模块，其与分束器连接并接收分束器的信号光，并将信息加载到信号光上；以及a Gaussian modulation module, which is connected to the beam splitter and receives the signal light of the beam splitter, and loads information onto the signal light; and
法拉第镜，其与高斯调制模块连接，并用于将高斯调制模块调制后的信号，通过法拉第镜反向，并经过同一信道返回发送端。The Faraday mirror is connected to the Gaussian modulation module, and is used to reverse the signal modulated by the Gaussian modulation module through the Faraday mirror, and return to the sending end through the same channel.
上述技术方案中，所述脉冲源发生器包括窄线宽激光器和强度调制器，其中的窄线宽激光器用于产生连续光，强度调制器用于将窄线宽激光器产生的连续光切割为脉冲源。In the above technical solution, the pulse source generator includes a narrow linewidth laser and an intensity modulator, wherein the narrow linewidth laser is used to generate continuous light, and the intensity modulator is used to cut the continuous light generated by the narrow linewidth laser into a pulse source .
上述技术方案中，所述分束器为99：1的分束器。In the above technical solution, the beam splitter is a 99:1 beam splitter.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明具有极强的安全性和可实施性。首先在实际量子密钥分发系统中，窃听者可以在信道中改变本振光达到窃听的目的。而该方案通过在发送端产生本振光并在发送端进行信号的检测，避免了本振光的传输，弥补了窃听者利用本振光传输的漏洞；除此之外，由于本振光和信号光都来自同一光源，因此其频率差异不大，且相位抖动小，因此最终的相位噪声大大降低；另一方面，由于采用了往返式的结构，传输过程中的偏振漂移将会自动补偿，避免了由于偏振漂移而导致的系统性能下降，因而该方案使得系统的长时间稳定性提高。The present invention has extremely strong safety and implementability. First of all, in the actual quantum key distribution system, the eavesdropper can change the local oscillator light in the channel to achieve the purpose of eavesdropping. However, this solution avoids the transmission of local oscillator light by generating local oscillator light at the sending end and detects the signal at the sending end, and makes up for the loopholes that eavesdroppers use to transmit local oscillator light; in addition, due to the local oscillator light and The signal light all comes from the same light source, so the frequency difference is not large, and the phase jitter is small, so the final phase noise is greatly reduced; on the other hand, due to the use of a round-trip structure, the polarization drift during transmission will be automatically compensated, The performance degradation of the system due to polarization drift is avoided, so the solution improves the long-term stability of the system.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例1的往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发方法的流程示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例2的往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发装置的结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图3为脉冲发生器的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pulse generator.
其中：1-发送端，11-脉冲发生器，111-窄线宽激光器，112-强度调制器，12-分束器，13-检测系统，2-接收端，21-高斯调制模块，22-法拉第镜。Among them: 1-transmitter, 11-pulse generator, 111-narrow linewidth laser, 112-intensity modulator, 12-beam splitter, 13-detection system, 2-receiver, 21-Gaussian modulation module, 22- Faraday mirror.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
本发明是在发送端产生脉冲源，并将其分为信号光和本振光，将本振光保留在本地，并将未调制的信号光发送到接收端。在接收端通过高斯调制将信息加载在信号光上，通过法拉第镜进行信号的反向，并通过相同信道传输回发送端。发送端接收到量子信号后，使用本地产生的本振光与其进行干涉，干涉结果经过采样后获取原始密钥。通过可调延时线使信号光和本振光对齐，干涉效果达到最佳。The invention generates a pulse source at the sending end, divides it into signal light and local oscillator light, keeps the local oscillator light locally, and sends the unmodulated signal light to the receiving end. At the receiving end, the information is loaded on the signal light through Gaussian modulation, the signal is reversed through the Faraday mirror, and transmitted back to the sending end through the same channel. After receiving the quantum signal, the sending end uses locally generated local oscillator light to interfere with it, and the interference result is sampled to obtain the original key. The signal light and the local oscillator light are aligned through the adjustable delay line to achieve the best interference effect.
实施例1Example 1
参见图1，本实施例提供了一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发方法，包括如下步骤：Referring to Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、脉冲源产生：连续变量量子密钥分发系统的发送端产生脉冲源；Step 1, pulse source generation: the sending end of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system generates a pulse source;
步骤二、本振光和信号光分离：将脉冲源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光，并将本振光和信号光分离；Step 2. Separation of local oscillator light and signal light: divide the pulse source into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light, and separate the local oscillator light and signal light;
步骤三、量子信号高斯调制：信号光传输至接收端，并将信息加载在信号光上，此处，往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发方法采用的高斯调制，能够确保即便在窃听者最大程度地窃听的情况下，仍然可以使通信双方获得最大的信息量；Step 3. Quantum signal Gaussian modulation: The signal light is transmitted to the receiving end, and the information is loaded on the signal light. Here, the Gaussian modulation adopted by the round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution method can ensure that even the largest eavesdropper In the case of eavesdropping to a certain extent, the communication parties can still obtain the maximum amount of information;
步骤四、量子信号反向：接收端信号调制后，将信号反向，并经同一信道返回发送端；Step 4. Reverse the quantum signal: After the signal at the receiving end is modulated, reverse the signal and return it to the sending end through the same channel;
步骤五、量子信号检测：将返回到发送端的信号光和本地产生的本振光对齐，并进行相干检测，通过对后端电信号过采样，获取原始密钥，此处，往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发方法的量子信号检测不在接收端而是在发送端，使得本振光不需要通过信道进行传输，窃听者将不能在信道中采取改变本振光的方式来获取信息，使实际安全性得以提高。Step 5. Quantum signal detection: Align the signal light returned to the sending end with the local oscillator light generated locally, and perform coherent detection, and obtain the original key by oversampling the back-end electrical signal. Here, the round-trip Gaussian modulation is continuous The quantum signal detection of the variable quantum key distribution method is not at the receiving end but at the sending end, so that the local oscillator light does not need to be transmitted through the channel, and the eavesdropper will not be able to obtain information by changing the local oscillator light in the channel, making the actual Security is improved.
优选的，在所述步骤一中，连续变量量子密钥分发系统的发送端通过窄线宽激光器产生连续光，并通过一个高消光比的强度调制器将连续光切割为脉冲源，再通过分束器分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光，此处的本振光和量子信号光来源为同一激光器，因此它们的频率相近，相位抖动不大，因此最终的相位噪声很小，同时，由于不经过信道的本振光衰减可以忽略不计，因此在相干检测的过程中更容易达到散粒噪声极限。Preferably, in said step 1, the transmitting end of the continuous variable quantum key distribution system generates continuous light through a narrow linewidth laser, and cuts the continuous light into a pulse source through an intensity modulator with a high extinction ratio, and then passes the split The beamer is divided into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light. The source of local oscillator light and quantum signal light here is the same laser, so their frequencies are similar, and the phase jitter is not large, so the final phase noise is very small , and at the same time, since the attenuation of local oscillator light not passing through the channel is negligible, it is easier to reach the shot noise limit in the process of coherent detection.
在步骤二中，通过一个99：1的分束器将脉冲光源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光。In step two, the pulsed light source is divided into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light through a 99:1 beam splitter.
在步骤四中，通过法拉第镜将信号反向，通过法拉第镜使信号返回，该往返式结构能够使得偏振漂移自动补偿，方案的长时间稳定性大幅提高。In step 4, the signal is reversed through the Faraday mirror, and the signal is returned through the Faraday mirror. This round-trip structure can automatically compensate the polarization drift, and the long-term stability of the scheme is greatly improved.
在步骤五中，返回到发送端的信号光和本地产生的本振光通过可调延时线使两脉冲对齐。信号光和本振光均为脉冲光，因此脉冲的对齐尤为关键，我们采用可调延时线将脉冲对齐进行干涉，信号质量大幅提高。In step five, the signal light returned to the sending end and the local oscillator light generated locally pass through an adjustable delay line to align the two pulses. Both the signal light and the local oscillator light are pulsed light, so the alignment of the pulses is particularly critical. We use an adjustable delay line to align the pulses for interference, and the signal quality is greatly improved.
具体地，本发明首先在发送端采用一个1550nm连续激光器作为相干光源，激光器的线宽为1.5kHz，其输出光经过高消光比的AM调制器切割成一个1MHz的脉冲序列，生成的脉宽为200ns。Specifically, the present invention first adopts a 1550nm continuous laser at the transmitting end as a coherent light source, the linewidth of the laser is 1.5kHz, and its output light is cut into a 1MHz pulse sequence by an AM modulator with a high extinction ratio, and the generated pulse width is 200ns.
紧接着通过99:1分束器将其分成两束，其中一束功率小的作为信号光发送给接收端，功率大的另一束作为本振光保持在发送端。Then it is divided into two beams by a 99:1 beam splitter, one beam with low power is sent to the receiving end as signal light, and the other beam with high power is kept at the transmitting end as local oscillator light.
信号光经过衰减为0.2dB/km的20km的光纤盘到达接收端，在接收端被强度调制器和相位调制器通过高斯调制加载信息。调制后的信息通过法拉第镜再返回发送端；The signal light reaches the receiving end through a 20km optical fiber dish with an attenuation of 0.2dB/km, and is loaded with information by the intensity modulator and phase modulator through Gaussian modulation at the receiving end. The modulated information passes through the Faraday mirror and returns to the sending end;
由于信号路经过法拉第镜相位发生了90度的旋转，因此在发送端同样需要将本振光经过法拉第镜进行相应的旋转；另一方面，为了使得干涉效果达到最优，采用精度为ps级的可调延时线将脉冲对齐进行干涉，信号质量大幅提高。Since the phase of the signal path is rotated by 90 degrees through the Faraday mirror, it is also necessary to rotate the local oscillator light through the Faraday mirror at the sending end; on the other hand, in order to optimize the interference effect, a ps-level precision The adjustable delay line interferes with the pulse alignment, and the signal quality is greatly improved.
经过旋转后的本振光通过相位调制器实现x和p的选择测量，并经过带宽为25MHz的零差探测器进行探测获得初始密钥。最终，原始数据送入经典纠错码和保密加强两个模块完成密钥提取。The rotated local oscillator light passes through the phase modulator to achieve selective measurement of x and p, and is detected by a homodyne detector with a bandwidth of 25MHz to obtain the initial key. Finally, the original data is sent to the two modules of classical error correction code and security enhancement to complete the key extraction.
实施例2Example 2
本发明还提供了一种往返式高斯调制连续变量量子密钥分发装置，参见图2和图3，包括发送端1和接收端2，其中的发送端1，其包括：The present invention also provides a round-trip Gaussian modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution device, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, comprising a sending end 1 and a receiving end 2, wherein the sending end 1 includes:
脉冲源发生器11，其用于产生脉冲源；A pulse source generator 11, which is used to generate a pulse source;
分束器12，其与脉冲源发生器11连接，并用于将脉冲光源分为大功率的本振光和小功率的信号光；以及A beam splitter 12, which is connected to the pulse source generator 11, and is used to divide the pulse source into high-power local oscillator light and low-power signal light; and
检测系统13，其与脉冲源发生器11连接，并用于将返回到发送端1的信号光和本地产生的本振光对齐，并进行相干检测，通过对后端电信号过采样，获取原始密钥；The detection system 13 is connected with the pulse source generator 11, and is used to align the signal light returned to the sending end 1 with the local oscillator light generated locally, and perform coherent detection, and obtain the original encryption by oversampling the back-end electrical signal key;
其中的接收端2，其包括：Wherein the receiver 2 includes:
高斯调制模块21，其与分束器12连接并接收分束器12的信号光，并将信息加载到信号光上；以及A Gaussian modulation module 21, which is connected to the beam splitter 12 and receives the signal light of the beam splitter 12, and loads information onto the signal light; and
法拉第镜22，其与高斯调制模块21连接，并用于将高斯调制模块21调制后的信号，通过法拉第镜22反向，并经过同一信道返回发送端1。The Faraday mirror 22 is connected to the Gaussian modulation module 21 and is used to reverse the signal modulated by the Gaussian modulation module 21 through the Faraday mirror 22 and return to the sending end 1 through the same channel.
脉冲源发生器11包括窄线宽激光器111和强度调制器112，其中的窄线宽激光器111用于产生连续光，强度调制器112用于将窄线宽激光器111产生的连续光切割为脉冲源。The pulse source generator 11 includes a narrow linewidth laser 111 and an intensity modulator 112, wherein the narrow linewidth laser 111 is used to generate continuous light, and the intensity modulator 112 is used to cut the continuous light generated by the narrow linewidth laser 111 into a pulse source .
分束器12为99：1的分束器12。The beam splitter 12 is a 99:1 beam splitter 12 .
本实施例中的高斯调制模块21包括强度调制器和相位调制器，此为现有技术，此处不再赘述。The Gaussian modulation module 21 in this embodiment includes an intensity modulator and a phase modulator, which are prior art and will not be repeated here.
本实施例中的检测系统13为现有技术，此处不再赘述。The detection system 13 in this embodiment is a prior art, and will not be repeated here.
本发明具有极强的安全性，通过发送端产生本振光且在发送端进行相干检测，避免了本振光的传输，从而弥补了窃听者在信道中利用本振光的漏洞；此外，该方案同时具有高性能，由于本振光和信号光来源为同一光源，因此其频率差异不大，且相位抖动小，因此最终的相位噪声与不同光源相比将大幅减小；另外该发明采用往返式结构，由于信道中传输引起的偏振漂移将会在返回的信道中自动补偿，因此偏振漂移引起的系统性能下降也会相应减小，系统的长时间稳定性得以提高。The present invention has extremely strong security, by generating local oscillator light at the sending end and performing coherent detection at the sending end, the transmission of local oscillator light is avoided, thereby making up for the loophole that eavesdroppers use local oscillator light in the channel; in addition, the The scheme has high performance at the same time. Since the source of the local oscillator light and the signal light are the same light source, the frequency difference is not large, and the phase jitter is small, so the final phase noise will be greatly reduced compared with different light sources; in addition, the invention uses a round-trip Since the polarization drift caused by transmission in the channel will be automatically compensated in the return channel, the system performance degradation caused by polarization drift will be correspondingly reduced, and the long-term stability of the system will be improved.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.
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