CN107453182B - 具有端子的电线的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,包括:通过超声连接处理连接多个芯线以形成接合芯线的步骤。在该步骤中,芯线形成为接合芯线,该接合芯线具有在与接合芯线的轴线正交的平面中具备宽度和高度的截面形状,该宽度不长于如下长度,即,在压接装置的砧座的支撑表面与弓形槽之间的空间限定预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从压接装置的压接器的弓形槽的宽度减去端子的厚度的两倍而得到的长度。
Description
现有申请的交叉引用
本申请基于2016年5月31日提交的日本专利申请(No.2016/108900),该专利申请的内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,其中,端子被压接到电线,该电线具有使多个导体芯线被捆束的芯线束。
背景技术
通常地,从增大电线的容许电流和提高弯曲强度的角度来看,提出了具有芯线束(例如,绞合线)的电线,该芯线束具有成束的多个导体芯线。当将端子压接于这样的芯线束(绞合线)时,位于芯线束的外周侧的导体芯线与端子直接进行接触,并且电连接于端子。然而,位于芯线束的中央部的导体芯线通过位于芯线束的外周部的导体而电连接于端子。因此,为了提高芯线束与端子之间的整体导电性,期望不仅提高导体芯线与端子之间的导电性(外周部的导电性),而且提高导体芯线之间的导电性(中央部的导电性)。
另一方面,近年来,因为铝和铝合金比铜轻并且成本比铜低,所以有时将铝和铝合金用作导体芯线的材料。然而,在该情况下,由于自然形成在导体芯线的表面上的氧化膜(氧化铝)的绝缘性高,所以特别要求提高上述的导电性的这样的发明。具体地,要求提高芯线束的外周部的导电性和中央部的导电性。
从而,例如,在具有端子的电线的一种通常制造方法中(在下文中将其称为“通常制造方法”),对由铝制成的导体芯线所形成的芯线束(绞合线)施加超声连接或焊接处理,使得导体芯线的表面上的氧化膜破坏,从而将导体芯线连接在一起并且将芯线束一体地形成为单线。因此,位于芯线束的外周部的导体芯线和位于中央部的导体芯线两者均与端子进行实质性的直接接触。结果,由于与不形成上述单线的情况相比提高了中央部的导电性,所以可以更加提高芯线束与端子之间的整体导电性(例如,参见专利文献1)。
专利文献1:JP-A-2009-231079
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,其中,能够在尽可能地维持具有连接在一起的多个导体芯线的接合芯线的连接状态的同时,将端子压接于接合芯线。
根据本发明,提供了一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,包括:
通过超声连接处理连接多个芯线以形成接合芯线的步骤;
将所述接合芯线在从端子的基底部延伸的一对压接片之间布置于端子的所述基底部上的步骤;
将所述接合芯线布置在其上的所述端子安放在压接装置的砧座上的步骤,使得在所述压接装置的压接器的下方,所述基底部被支撑在所述砧座的支撑表面上;和
通过使所述砧座与所述压接器互相靠近,并且利用所述压接器的弓形槽使所述压接片变形,直到所述支撑表面与所述弓形槽之间的空间限定预定的压接形状为止,而将所述端子压接于所述接合芯线的步骤,
其中,在连接所述多个芯线的步骤中,所述芯线形成为所述接合芯线,所述接合芯线具有在与所述接合芯线的轴线正交的平面中具备宽度和高度的截面形状,所述宽度不长于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述弓形槽的宽度减去所述端子的厚度的两倍而得到的长度。
在连接所述多个芯线的所述步骤中形成的与所述截面形状的宽度正交的所述截面形状的高度可以不短于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述支撑表面与所述弓形槽的圆弧面之间的最大距离减去所述端子的厚度的两倍而得到的长度。
多个导体芯线可以由铝和铝合金中的至少一者制成。
附图说明
图1A至1D是说明根据本发明的示例性实施例的具有端子的电线的制造方法的概要的图。图1A至1D分别是电线的端部的立体图。
图2A至2C是说明端子压接到的电线的图。图2A是电线的端部的前视图。图2B是形成有接合芯线的电线的端部的前视图。图2C是接合芯线的前视图。
图3是对芯线束施加超声连接处理的超声连接装置的示意图。
图4是在压力下将端子装接或焊接于电线的端子压接装置以及电线的立体图。
图5A和5B是说明利用端子压接装置在压力下装接或焊接端子的方法的图。图5A是端子和电线的接合芯线布置在其中的端子压接装置的前视图。图5B是端子和电线的接合芯线布置在其上的砧座的前视图。
图6是在端子压接于电线的状态下的端子压接装置的前视图。
图7是端子压接于电线的具有端子的电线的被连接部或被焊接部的截面图。
具体实施方式
超声连接处理的连接力通常比除了超声连接处理之外的连接方法(例如,焊接或钎焊法)的连接力小。因此,当过大的外力施加到经受超声连接处理的芯线束(接合芯线)时,导体芯线不能维持连接状态。芯线束可能分离为多个导体芯线,使得被连接部损坏从而取消单线的形态。在该情况下,在分离的导体芯线的表面上再次形成氧化膜,使得可能损坏一体化形态(单线形态)的上述效果。
当通过通常制造方法将端子压接于电线时,在将端子压接到应用超声连接方法的芯线束的过程中,芯线束被挤压变形,直到芯线束具有作为完成压接操作之后的形态的规定压接形态。从提高芯线束与端子之间的整体导电性的角度来看,期望在挤压变形过程期间尽可能地防止芯线束的单线形态的取消。
下面将通过参考附图描述根据本发明的实施例的具有端子的电线的制造方法。
在根据该实施例的具有端子的电线的制造方法中,首先,如图1(A)所示,剥落电线11的绝缘被覆14,使得由多个导体芯线12形成的芯线束13露出。然后,如图1B所示,对芯线束13施加超声连接处理(将在下面详细描述),以形成使相邻导体芯线12连接在一起的接合芯线13A。然后,如图1C所示,在将接合芯线13A安装于端子31的规定位置之后,将端子压接于接合芯线13A(及其周边的绝缘被覆14),如图1D所示。从而,制造具有端子的电线1。
如图1A和2A所示,电线11以利用绝缘被覆14覆盖使多个导体芯线12成束的芯线束13的外周的方式形成。在该实例中,导体芯线12是由铝和铝合金中的至少一者制成的非电镀单元线。换句话说,电线11是铝电线或铝合金电线中的至少一者。
如图1B和2B所示,通过在超声连接处理下连接电线11的芯线束13而得到的接合芯线13A具有与该接合芯线13A的轴线正交的截面形状。截面形状可以是具有互相正交的宽度和高度的形状。在该实施例中,截面形状是矩形形状,但是截面形状可以是诸如椭圆形状这样的具有宽度和高度的任意其它形状。在接合芯线13A中,形成芯线束13的多个导体芯线12通过超声振动连接在一起。
如图3所示,通过超声连接处理将电线11的芯线束13连接在一起的超声连接装置20包括焊头21、砧板22、滑动钳(gliding jaw)23和砧座24。焊头21利用超声振荡器在图中的纸面前后方向上进行超声振荡。在焊头21的上表面(与芯线束进行接触的表面)上,形成有滚花刀(roulette)(省略图示),该滚花刀具有多个突部,该多个突部在与振动方向直角交叉的方向上延伸,以抑制焊头21的上表面与芯线束13之间的滑动。在超声连接装置20中,将由焊头21、砧板22、滑动钳23与砧座24限定的矩形截面的空间设定为成型空间S。布置在成型空间S中的芯线束13的导体芯线12通过超声连接处理而连接在一起。
砧板22布置于焊头21的侧部。滑动钳23布置在焊头21的上表面上的与砧板22对置的位置处。滑动钳23能够移动从而靠近砧板22或从砧板22分开。在图3中,滑动钳23在由图中的箭头标记A所示的方向上移动,从而向该方向挤压芯线束13。
砧座24布置于焊头21和砧板22的上部,并且上升和下降,使得砧座24可以靠近焊头21或从焊头21分开。在图3中,砧座24在由图中的箭头标记B所示的方向上移动,从而向该方向挤压芯线束13。
超声连接装置20使滑动钳23和砧座24在上述方向上移动,使得能够自由地改变成型空间S的宽度和高度。因此,超声连接装置20被构造为改变接合芯线13A的宽度和高度。
如图1C所示,端子31具有电连接部32和压接部33。端子31通过压制加工由导电金属材料,例如,铜或铜合金形成的金属片而形成。因此,在该示例性实施例中,在任意位置处,端子31的厚度大致相同。
电连接部32具有平板状的连接板部34。在连接板部34中,形成连接孔34a。例如,通过将紧固螺栓插入到连接孔34a内而将连接板部34电连接于连接装置的端子基部。
压接部33以从电连接部32侧开始的顺序具有导体压接部41和护套压接部45。导体压接部41包括基底部42,以及形成于基底部42的两侧部的一对导体压接片43(压接片)。接合芯线13A安装在基底部42上。导体压接片43从基底部42延伸,从而将接合芯线13A保持在其间。导体压接部41使一对导体压接片43变形从而向内侧弯曲(型压),从而将导体压接部41压接于电线11的接合芯线13A。从而,端子31电导通地连接于电线11的芯线束13。
护套压接部45包括基底部46,以及形成于基底部46的两侧部的一对护套压接片47。护套压接部45的基底部46从导体压接部41的基底部42延伸。电线11的绝缘被覆14安装在基底部46上。护套压接片47从基底部46延伸,从而将电线11的绝缘被覆14保持在其间。护套压接部45使一对护套压接片47变形从而向内弯曲(型压),使得护套压接片45被压接固定于电线11的绝缘被覆14的一部分。
如图4以及图5A和5B所示,利用端子压接装置51将端子31压接于电线11。端子压接装置51具有砧座52和压接器55。砧座52布置于端子31和接合芯线13A的下部。压接器55布置于端子31的上部,从而将接合芯线13A安放在压接器55的下方。压接器55能够相对于砧座52上下移动。
砧座52在其顶部具有弯曲以向下凹入的支撑表面53。当将端子31压接于电线时,支撑表面53将端子31的基底部46支撑在支撑表面上。具体地,端子31的基底部42的外表面抵接在支撑表面53上。
压接器55在宽度方向Dw上的中央部设置有弓形槽57,弓形槽57具有向砧座52侧突出的山形部58。弓形槽57形成有设置于山形部58两侧的两个圆弧面57a。各个圆弧面57a均是向远离支撑表面53的方向突出的圆弧状的凸面。压接器55具有两个引导倾斜面59。引导倾斜面59倾斜从而朝着砧座52侧逐渐分开。引导倾斜面59形成为与弓形槽57的两端连续。
随后,将详细描述根据该实施例的具有端子的电线1的制造方法。
如图1A所示,剥落电线11的端部的绝缘被覆14,以使具有成束的导体芯线12的芯线束13以规定长度露出。可以将露出的芯线束13的规定长度设定为在压力下充分地将端子31装接或焊接于电线的长度。
如图1B所示,通过超声连接处理连接在电线11的端部露出的芯线束13,以形成具有连接在一起的多个导体芯线12的接合芯线13A。具体地,如图3所示,将露出的芯线束13布置在超声连接装置20的成型空间S中,使滑动钳23向靠近砧板22的方向A移动,并且使砧座24向靠近焊头21的方向B移动,以从两侧和上下部挤压成型空间S中的芯线束13。然后,在该状态下,对焊头21施加超声振动。从而,在成型空间S中,形成在导体芯线12的表面上的氧化膜损坏,从而导体芯线12连接在一起。从而,如图2C所示,形成接合芯线13A,该接合芯线13A为具有X的宽度和Y的高度的矩形截面形态。在以这种方式形成的接合芯线13A中,导体芯线12连接在一起以一体化为单线。从而,将导体芯线12以该导体芯线12良好地电连接在一起的状态布置。
如图5A和5B所示,在超声连接处理中,接合芯线13A以这样的方式形成:与接合芯线13A的轴线正交的截面的宽度X不大于通过从形成在端子压接装置51的压接器55中的弓形槽57的宽度W减去端子31的厚度T的两倍而得到的值。即,通过公式“X≤W-2T”得到值X。此外,如图6所示,在超声连接处理中,接合芯线13A以这样的方式形成:与接合芯线13A的轴线正交的截面的高度Y不小于如下值,即,在利用端子压接装置51完成端子31的压力装接时,通过从砧座52的支撑表面53与弓形槽57之间的最大距离H减去端子31的厚度T的两倍而得到的值。即,通过公式“Y≥H-2T”得到值Y。端子31的厚度T是形成端子31的金属片的厚度。此外,为了方便的目的,也将从弓形槽57的宽度W减去端子31的厚度T的两倍得到的值(W-2T)称为“基准宽度”。也将在利用端子压接装置51完成端子31的压力装接时从砧座52的支撑表面53与压接器55的弓形槽57之间的最大距离H减去端子31的厚度T的两倍而得到的值(H-2T)称为“基准高度”。在图6中,将高度方向示为Dh。
如图1D所示,通过使用端子压接装置51将端子31压接于接合芯线13A。首先,如图5B所示,将端子31布置和支撑于砧座52的支撑表面53上。将电线11的端部布置在端子31中。这里,在对端子31施加压接处理之前的端子31中,从基底部42延伸的导体压接片43的内表面两侧之间的空间远大于通过从压接器55的弓形槽57的宽度W减去端子31的厚度T的两倍而得到的值(基准宽度)。因此,当将电线11的接合芯线13A布置在端子31的导体压接部41中时,宽度X不大于基准宽度(X≤W-2T)的接合芯线13A不被端子31的导体压接片43钩挂,并且被布置在导体压接部41中。
在将电线11的端部布置在端子31中之后,降低压接器55,使得压接器55能够靠近砧座52,从而在压力下将端子31压接于电线11。此时,向两侧部延伸的端子31的导体压接片43的端部与压接器55的引导倾斜面59进行接触。从而,导体压接片43朝着该导体压接片43沿压接器55的引导倾斜面59而互相接近的方向变形。此时,由于与接合芯线13A的轴线正交的截面的宽度X不大于基准宽度(X≤W-2T),所以直到端子31的导体压接片43到达弓形槽57并且开始弯曲(直到实际的型压操作开始),接合芯线13A才被端子31挤压。从而,防止将过大的外力施加于接合芯线13A。
当压接器55更加降低而使得压接器55能够靠近砧座52时,对于端子31,导体压接片43到达弓形槽57(参见图5A)。从该状态开始,导体压接片43朝着互相接近的方向由弓形槽57挤压,并且该导体压接片43变形,从而向内弯曲(卷起)。
其后,如图6所示,使得砧座52与压接器55能够互相接近,直到支撑表面53与圆弧面57a之间的空间的形态变为预定的压接形状。即,在利用端子压接装置51完成端子31的压接时,支撑表面53与圆弧面57a之间的空间限定预定的压接形状。此时,端子31的导体压接部41夹在砧座42与压接器55之间,并且被压向接合芯线13A。从而,如图7所示,端子31无间隙地牢固压接于芯线束13(接合芯线13A)。从而,端子31确实地电导通于电线11的芯线束13。
这里,将接合芯线13A压接于电线之前的接合芯线13A的截面的高度Y设定为:在支撑表面53与圆弧面57a之间的所述空间限定了所述预定的压接形状的状态下,从砧座52的支撑表面53与弓形槽57之间的最大距离H减去端子31的厚度T的两倍而得到的值(基准高度)。由于高度Y是基准高度以上(Y≥H-2T),所以在完成压接时抑制在接合芯线13A与端子31之间产生空隙(voids)。
在端子压接处理中,对于设置在端子压接装置51中的护套,利用砧座和压接器(省略图示)型压端子31的护套压接片47。从而,将端子31的护套压接部45压接于电线11的绝缘被覆14部分。
如上所述,在根据该实施例的具有端子的电线1的制造方法中,由于与接合芯线13A的轴线正交的截面形状的宽度X不大于基准宽度(X≤W-2T),所以当将端子31压接于接合芯线13A时,直到端子31的导体压接片43到达弓形槽57(直到实际的型压操作开始),接合芯线13A才被端子31压接。从而,能够防止将过大的外力施加于接合芯线13A。能够避免取消接合芯线13A中的导体芯线12的连接。从而,即使在将端子31压接于接合芯线13A之后,也能够尽可能地降低通过超声连接处理而连接在一起的导体芯线12之间的电阻,并且能够维持芯线束13与端子31的良好的电导通性。
此外,由于接合芯线13A的截面的高度Y不小于基准高度(Y≥H-2T),所以在完成将端子31压接于接合芯线13A时,在接合芯线13A与端子31之间难以产生空隙或间隙。从而,能够更加提高端子31与接合芯线13A之间的电导通性。
特别地,铝电线或铝合金电线担心芯线束13的中央部的导体芯线12之间的导电性的恶化,当将端子31压接于由这样的铝电线或铝合金电线形成的电线11时,根据该实施例的具有端子的电线的制造方法是有效的。
本发明不限于上述实施例,并且可以采用在本发明的范围内的各种变形例。例如,本发明不限于上述实施例,并且可以适当地修改或改进。除此之外,只要能够实现本发明,则上述示例性实施例中的构成元件的材料、形态、尺寸、数量、布置位置等是任意的,并且不受限制。
例如,可以将其中导体芯线12由铜或铜合金形成的电线(铜电线)用作电线11,代替铝电线或铝合金电线。此外,作为端子31,可以使用由铝或铝合金形成的端子,代替由铜或铜合金形成的端子。
这里,在下面描述的(i)至(iii)中分别简要概括了上述根据本发明的具有端子的电线的制造方法的示例性实施例的特征。
(i)一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,包括:
通过超声连接处理连接多个芯线(12)以形成接合芯线(13A)的步骤;
将所述接合芯线(13A)在从端子(31)的基底部(42)延伸的一对压接片(43)之间布置于端子(31)的所述基底部(42)上的步骤;
将所述接合芯线(13A)布置在其上的所述端子(31)安放在压接装置(51)的砧座(52)上的步骤,使得在所述压接装置(51)的压接器(55)的下方,所述基底部(42)被支撑在所述砧座(52)的支撑表面(53)上;和
通过使所述砧座(52)与所述压接器(55)互相靠近,并且利用所述压接器(55)的弓形槽(57)使所述压接片(43)变形,直到所述支撑表面(53)与所述弓形槽(57)之间的空间限定预定的压接形状为止,而将所述端子(31)压接于所述接合芯线(13A)的步骤,
其中,在连接所述多个芯线(12)的步骤中,所述芯线(12)形成为所述接合芯线(13A),该接合芯线(13A)具有在与所述接合芯线(13A)的轴线正交的平面中具备宽度(X)和高度(Y)的截面形状,所述宽度(X)不长于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定所述预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述弓形槽(57)的宽度(W)减去所述端子(31)的厚度(T)的两倍而得到的长度。
(ii)根据以上(i)中的制造方法,其中
在连接所述多个芯线(12)的所述步骤中形成的所述截面形状的所述高度(Y)与所述截面形状的所述宽度(X)正交,并且所述高度(Y)不短于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定所述预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述支撑表面(53)与所述弓形槽(57)的圆弧面(57a)之间的最大距离(H)减去所述端子(31)的所述厚度(T)的两倍而得到的长度。
(iii)根据以上(i)或(ii)中的制造方法,其中,多个导体芯线(12)由铝和铝合金中的至少一者制成。
根据具有上述(i)的组成的具有端子的电线的制造方法,与接合芯线的轴线正交的截面的宽度不大于从弓形槽的宽度减去端子的厚度的两倍而得到的值(基准宽度)。因此,当将端子压接于接合芯线时,直到端子的压接片由于弓形槽而开始弯曲(直到实际的型压操作开始),接合芯线才被端子(压接片)挤压(参见图5A和5B)。从而,当将端子压接于接合芯线时,与接合芯线的截面的宽度大于基准宽度的情况相比,更加防止将过大的外力施加于接合芯线,并且能够更加避免接合芯线的单线形态的取消。结果,在型压端子的过程中,能够尽可能地防止芯线束(接合芯线)的单线形态的取消。
因此,在具有上述组成的制造方法中,能够在尽可能地维持具有连接在一起的多个导体芯线的接合芯线的连接状态的同时,将端子压接于接合芯线。
根据具有上述(ii)的组成的具有端子的电线的制造方法,由于截面的高度不短于如下值,即,在完成压力装接时(在支撑表面与圆弧面之间的空间限定预定的压接形状的状态下),从砧座(支撑表面)与压接器(圆弧面)之间的最大距离减去端子的厚度的两倍而得到的值(基准高度),因此,在结束压接操作的状态下,接合芯线与端子进行紧密接触,使得在接合芯线与端子之间难以产生空隙或间隙(参见图6)。从而,根据具有上述组成的制造方法,能够更加提高端子与接合芯线之间的整体电导通性。
在根据具有上述(iii)的组成的具有端子的电线的制造方法中,在铝或铝合金制成的导体芯线中,形成在表面上的氧化膜的绝缘性大于由通常使用的铜制成的导体芯线(铜电线)的绝缘性,当将端子压接于所述由铝或铝合金制成的导体芯线(铝电线)时,能够得到上述的各种效果。
根据本发明,能够提供一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,其中,能够在尽可能地维持具有连接在一起的多个导体芯线的接合芯线的连接状态的同时,将端子压接于接合芯线。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有端子的电线的制造方法,包括:
通过超声连接处理连接多个芯线以形成接合芯线的步骤;
将所述接合芯线在从端子的基底部延伸的一对压接片之间布置于端子的所述基底部上的步骤;
将上面布置有所述接合芯线的所述端子放置在压接装置的砧座上,使得在所述压接装置的压接器的下方,所述基底部被支撑在所述砧座的支撑表面上的步骤;以及
通过使所述砧座与所述压接器互相靠近,并且利用所述压接器的弓形槽使所述压接片变形,直到所述支撑表面与所述弓形槽之间的空间限定预定的压接形状为止,而将所述端子压接于所述接合芯线的步骤,其中所述弓形槽是由向所述砧座侧突出的山形部和设置于所述山形部的两侧的两个圆弧面构成的,
其中,在连接多个芯线的所述步骤中,所述芯线形成为所述接合芯线,所述接合芯线具有在与所述接合芯线的轴线正交的平面中具备宽度和高度的矩形截面形状,所述宽度不长于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定所述预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述弓形槽的宽度减去所述端子的厚度的两倍而得到的长度,并且
其中,在连接所述多个芯线的所述步骤中形成的所述截面形状的所述高度与所述截面形状的所述宽度正交,并且所述高度不短于如下长度,即,在所述空间限定所述预定的压接形状的状态下,通过从所述支撑表面与所述弓形槽的所述两个圆弧面中的一个圆弧面之间的最大距离减去所述端子的厚度的两倍而得到的长度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造方法,其中,所述多个芯线由铝和铝合金中的至少一者制成。
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