CN107448196B - Minimally invasive geological exploration method - Google Patents
Minimally invasive geological exploration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107448196B CN107448196B CN201710601859.1A CN201710601859A CN107448196B CN 107448196 B CN107448196 B CN 107448196B CN 201710601859 A CN201710601859 A CN 201710601859A CN 107448196 B CN107448196 B CN 107448196B
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- drilling machine
- rotary drilling
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
- E21B1/02—Surface drives for drop hammers or percussion drilling, e.g. with a cable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B6/00—Drives for drilling with combined rotary and percussive action
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a minimally invasive geological exploration method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, starting an impact mode of an impact rotary drilling machine, enabling the impact rotary drilling machine to generate an impact action, and enabling the impact rotary drilling machine to transmit impact energy to a drill bit through a drill rod and a drilling tool in sequence in an impact process, so that the drill bit moves downwards to impact a covering layer; and 2, judging the conditions of the soil layer and the rock layer reached by the drill bit, starting an impact and rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling machine when the drill bit completely penetrates through the covering layer and contacts the foundation layer, transmitting impact energy to the drill bit through the drill rod and the drilling tool by the impact rotary drilling machine, enabling the drill bit to move downwards to impact the foundation layer, and driving the drill bit to rotate by the impact rotary drilling machine in the process of impacting the foundation layer by the downward movement of the drill bit. The method solves the defects that the large-scale surface exposure engineering using blasting, an excavator or a manual shovel pick in the existing exploration method seriously damages the natural environment and the traditional drilling needs a large amount of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a minimally invasive geological exploration method.
Background
In the forest area of Heilongjiang province in China, as the earth surface is provided with a shallow covering layer (a thick covering layer which is different from the inner Mongolia grassland area and is more than 5 meters) which is 2-4 meters and consists of humus soil and a residual slope gravel layer, the conventional methods of explosive blasting, manual shovel and pick excavation, mechanical excavator excavation, water earth surface drilling and the like are adopted when the geochemical soil for mineral exploration is detected to be abnormal, a groove-shaped ditch is formed, the depth is 2-4 meters, the width is 8-10 meters, the length is less, the length is 3-5 meters, more than 100 plus materials are 200 meters, even 300 plus materials are 500 meters, a 'spectacular' through-the-sky groove is formed, large-area earth surface vegetation is destroyed, a large number of secondary forest trees are destroyed, and the eyes are surprised. The conventional earth surface shallow drill damages little vegetation, but water taking and supplying in forest areas are extremely difficult. With the increasing environmental protection requirements, the overall implementation of the natural forest protection project in great and small Khingan mountains, and the fact that the forest resources are protected by growing surface vegetation is not easy enough, it is urgently needed how to find a 'minimally invasive' water-free portable drilling sampling geological exploration method which can achieve the purpose of prospecting and does not damage large-area forest vegetation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the current situation of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a minimally invasive geological exploration method, which realizes convenient, quick, environment-friendly and low-cost sampling and exploration, improves exploration efficiency, reduces exploration cost and protects the natural environment. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a minimally invasive geological exploration method comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting an impact mode of the impact rotary drilling machine, wherein the impact rotary drilling machine generates an impact action in the impact mode, and in the impact process, the impact rotary drilling machine transmits impact energy to the drill bit through the drill rod and the drilling tool in sequence so that the drill bit moves downwards to impact the covering layer;
step 2: and judging the conditions of the soil layer and the rock stratum reached by the drill bit, starting an impact and rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling machine when the drill bit completely penetrates through the covering layer and contacts the foundation stratum, transmitting impact energy to the drill bit through the drill rod and the drilling tool in sequence by the impact rotary drilling machine under the impact and rotation mode, enabling the drill bit to move downwards to impact the foundation stratum, and driving the drill bit to rotate through the drill rod and the drilling tool in sequence by the impact rotary drilling machine in the process of impacting the foundation stratum through the downward movement of the drill bit.
As a preferable scheme, the conditions of the soil layer and the rock stratum reached by the drill bit are judged according to the soil sample and combined with geological report analysis.
Preferably, in the impact + rotation mode, the rotation speed of the drill bit is 350-600 rpm.
Preferably, the drill bit has an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of the drilling tool.
Preferably, in the percussion and slewing mode, the percussion and slewing drilling machine, the drill rod, the drilling tool and the drill bit all rotate clockwise.
As a preferred scheme, the impact rotary drilling machine is detachably connected with the drill rod, the drill rod is detachably connected with the drilling tool, the drilling tool is detachably connected with the drill bit, and a cavity for containing chippings is arranged in the drilling tool.
Preferably, the percussion rotary drilling machine is in threaded connection with the drill rod, the drill rod is in threaded connection with the drilling tool, and the drilling tool is in threaded connection with the drill bit.
As a preferable scheme, the impact rotary drilling machine is a mechanical impact rotary drilling machine driven by internal combustion power.
Preferably, the lower half of the drill is cylindrical, the lower end of the drill has a plurality of teeth, and the adjacent teeth have a height difference.
Preferably, the lower half of the drill is in the shape of an inverted hollow circular truncated cone, the inverted hollow portion in the shape of an inverted hollow circular truncated cone is in the shape of an upright circular truncated cone, the lower end portion of the drill has a plurality of teeth, and the adjacent teeth have a height difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the minimally invasive geological exploration method overcomes the defects that large-scale earth surface exposure engineering seriously damages the natural environment and a large amount of water is needed in the traditional exploration method, realizes convenient, quick, environment-friendly and low-cost sampling and exploration, improves the exploration efficiency, reduces the exploration cost and protects the natural environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a geological survey apparatus employing the minimally invasive geological survey method of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-impacting a rotary drilling machine; 2-a drill rod; 3-drilling tool; 4-a drill bit; 5-a cover layer; 6-basal rock formation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the method for minimally invasive geological exploration according to the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the minimally invasive geological exploration method of the embodiment of the invention adopts an impact rotary waterless drilling sampling drilling machine, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting an impact mode of the impact rotary drilling machine 1, wherein the impact rotary drilling machine 1 generates an impact action in the impact mode, and in the impact process, the impact rotary drilling machine 1 transmits impact energy to the drill bit 4 through the drill rod 2 and the drilling tool 3 in sequence, so that the drill bit 4 moves downwards to impact the covering layer 5;
step 2: judging the conditions of a soil layer and a rock layer reached by the drill bit 4, starting an impact and rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling machine 1 when the drill bit 4 completely penetrates through the covering layer 5 and contacts the foundation layer 6, transmitting impact energy to the drill bit 4 through the drill rod 2 and the drilling tool 3 in sequence by the impact rotary drilling machine 1 in the impact and rotation mode, enabling the drill bit 4 to move downwards to impact the foundation layer 6, and driving the drill bit 4 to rotate through the drill rod 2 and the drilling tool 3 in the process that the drill bit 4 moves downwards to impact the foundation layer 6.
Wherein, geological survey device is including strikeing rotary drilling machine 1, drilling rod 2, drilling tool 3 and drill bit 4, and strikeing rotary drilling machine 1 and drilling rod 2 and being connected, drilling rod 2 and drilling tool 3 are connected, and drilling tool 3 is connected with drill bit 4, is provided with the cavity that is used for holding the rock fragment in the drilling tool 3. The total weight of the whole production device does not exceed 30 kg.
Preferably, the impact rotary drilling machine 1 is detachably connected with the drill rod 2, the drill rod 2 is detachably connected with the drilling tool 3, and the drilling tool 3 is detachably connected with the drill bit 4. The impact rotary drilling machine 1 and the drill rod 2 can be connected in a threaded mode, the drill rod 2 and the drilling tool 3 can be connected in a threaded mode, and the drilling tool 3 and the drill bit 4 can be connected in a threaded mode. The drill bit 4 may be a quenched or normalized alloy drill bit.
When the drill bit 4 drills the covering layer 5, the impact function of the impact rotary drilling machine 1 is used, namely, an impact mode of the impact rotary drilling machine 1 is started, in the impact mode, the impact rotary drilling machine 1 generates impact power to enable the drill rod 2 to move downwards, the drill rod 2 drives the drilling tool 3 to move downwards, the drilling tool 3 drives the drill bit 4 to move downwards, the drill bit 4 penetrates through the covering layer, and at the moment, scraps in the covering layer 5 enter the drilling tool 3. When the drill bit 4 completely penetrates through the covering layer 5 and contacts the foundation layer 6, the impact and rotation functions of the impact rotary drilling machine 1 are started, namely the impact and rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling machine 1 is started, under the impact and rotation mode, the impact rotary drilling machine 1 drives the drill rod 2 to rotate clockwise while impacting downwards, the drill rod 2 drives the drilling tool 3 to impact downwards and rotate clockwise, and the drilling tool 3 drives the drill bit 4 to impact downwards and rotate clockwise. At this point, the drill bit 4 begins to fracture the bed rock layer 6 and the fractured bed rock pieces may enter the drilling tool 3. In the percussion + rotary mode, the rotational speed of the drill 4 is 350-600 rpm. The rotation speed of the drill 4 is preferably 450 rpm. At the moment, the aim of observing a rock specimen sample by naked eyes at a shallow part without digging a groove and drilling flushing fluid is fulfilled, when the point groove with mineralization erosion variable is artificially constructed by 2.0x1.2 meters, unequal chemical analysis samples of 1-2 meters are adopted, the working efficiency is improved, the construction cost is reduced, more importantly, the surface vegetation is prevented from being damaged by a large area, and the natural environment of a forest area is protected.
In this embodiment, whether the lithology reached by the drill bit 4 has the altered mineralization phenomenon can be judged according to the rock sample and by combining geological analysis. The drill 4 has an outer diameter larger than that of the drilling tool 3. The impact rotary drilling machine 1 can adopt an internal combustion impact rotary drilling machine which drives a mechanical impact rotary drilling machine by internal combustion power. The drilling tool 3 can be formed by splicing two half pipes and is fixed by bolts, so that the rock sample block can be conveniently disassembled and poured out from an observation hole in the upper part of the drilling tool 3.
As a preferable mode, the lower half part of the drill 4 is in the shape of an inverted hollow circular truncated cone, the hollow part of the inverted hollow circular truncated cone is in the shape of an upright circular truncated cone, the lower end part of the drill 4 has a plurality of teeth, and the adjacent teeth have a height difference. The adjacent teeth have height difference in the vertical direction, and the heights of the teeth can also be increased successively. The adjacent tooth parts have height difference, so that the blanking force can be reduced, and the noise and the vibration can be reduced.
Preferably, when the lower half part of the drill 4 is in the shape of an inverted hollow circular truncated cone, the inverted hollow circular truncated cone is an upright first circular truncated cone, the first circular truncated cone further extends upwards to form a second circular truncated cone, and the height of the second circular truncated cone is greater than that of the first circular truncated cone. That is to say, the first round platform belongs to a part of the second round platform, and first round platform and second round platform all are the hollow portion of hollow round platform form of handstand, and the generating line length of second round platform is greater than the generating line length of first round platform. The design can improve the impact effect and the feeding speed of the drill bit 4.
As another preferable mode, the lower half of the drill 4 is cylindrical, the lower end portion of the drill 4 has a plurality of teeth, and adjacent teeth have a height difference. The adjacent teeth have height difference in the vertical direction, and the heights of the plurality of teeth can also be increased successively. The adjacent tooth parts have height difference, so that the blanking force can be reduced, and the noise and the vibration can be reduced. The tooth part also can be inverted right triangle shape to two adjacent inverted right triangle tooth parts of hypotenuse are a set of, and multiunit tooth part interval sets up the lower tip at drill bit 4, can further improve the stationarity of impact like this.
According to the minimally invasive geological exploration method of the embodiments, the shallow rock sample can be taken by using the portable impact rotary sampling drilling machine, the drill rod, the drilling tool and the drill bit, so that the damage of an excavation exploration groove to the environment and the high cost, low efficiency and environmental pollution caused by water cooling in the traditional exploration are effectively avoided, the convenient, quick, environment-friendly and low-cost sampling and exploration are realized, the exploration efficiency is improved, the exploration cost is reduced, and the natural environment is protected.
It should be noted that the features of the above embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A minimally invasive geological exploration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: starting an impact mode of the impact rotary drilling machine (1), wherein the impact rotary drilling machine (1) generates an impact action in the impact mode, and in the impact process, the impact rotary drilling machine (1) transmits impact energy to the drill bit (4) through the drill rod (2) and the drilling tool (3) in sequence, so that the drill bit (4) moves downwards to impact the covering layer (5); the impact rotary drilling machine (1) is a mechanical impact rotary drilling machine driven by internal combustion power; the impact rotary drilling machine (1) is detachably connected with the drill rod (2), the drill rod (2) is detachably connected with the drilling tool (3), the drilling tool (3) is detachably connected with the drill bit (4), and a cavity for containing chippings is arranged in the drilling tool (3); the lower half part of the drill bit (4) is cylindrical, the lower end part of the drill bit (4) is provided with a plurality of tooth parts, and the adjacent tooth parts have height difference; or the lower half part of the drill (4) is in an inverted hollow circular truncated cone shape, the inverted hollow circular truncated cone-shaped hollow part is in an upright circular truncated cone shape, the lower end part of the drill (4) is provided with a plurality of tooth parts, and the adjacent tooth parts have height difference;
step 2: judging the conditions of a soil layer and a rock layer reached by the drill bit (4), starting an impact and rotation mode of the impact rotary drilling machine (1) when the drill bit (4) completely penetrates through the covering layer (5) and contacts the foundation layer (6), transmitting impact energy to the drill bit (4) through the drill rod (2) and the drilling tool (3) in sequence by the impact rotary drilling machine (1) in the impact and rotation mode, enabling the drill bit (4) to move downwards to impact the foundation layer (6), and driving the drill bit (4) to rotate through the drill rod (2) and the drilling tool (3) in sequence by the impact rotary drilling machine (1) in the process that the drill bit (4) moves downwards to impact the foundation layer (6).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions of the soil layer and the rock layer reached by the drill bit (4) are determined according to the soil sample and combined with geological report analysis.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the drill bit (4) is rotated at a speed of 350-600 rpm in the percussion + swing mode.
4. A method of minimally invasive geological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameter of said drill bit (4) is larger than the outer diameter of said drilling tool (3).
5. A method of minimally invasive geological exploration according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that in impact + slewing mode, the directions of rotation of said impact slewing drilling machine (1), said drilling rod (2), said drilling tool (3) and said drill bit (4) are all clockwise.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the percussion rotary drill (1) is threadedly connected to the drill rod (2), the drill rod (2) is threadedly connected to the drill (3), and the drill (3) is threadedly connected to the drill bit (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710601859.1A CN107448196B (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | Minimally invasive geological exploration method |
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| CN201710601859.1A CN107448196B (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2017-07-21 | Minimally invasive geological exploration method |
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| CN107448196A CN107448196A (en) | 2017-12-08 |
| CN107448196B true CN107448196B (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0353168A1 (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-01-31 | Cogema | Method and drilling machine for examination and exploitation of the subsoil |
| CN1058253A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-29 | 中国地质矿产经济研究院 | rotary impact reverse circulation drilling system |
| CN2208614Y (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-09-27 | 孙继岩 | Vehicle carried geological prospecting equipment |
| CN106285460A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-01-04 | 邹叔仪 | A kind of hydraulic down-the-hole drill of red switch one |
| CN106368603A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-02-01 | 广州市中潭空气净化科技有限公司 | Drilling rig for geological exploration |
-
2017
- 2017-07-21 CN CN201710601859.1A patent/CN107448196B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0353168A1 (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-01-31 | Cogema | Method and drilling machine for examination and exploitation of the subsoil |
| CN1058253A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-01-29 | 中国地质矿产经济研究院 | rotary impact reverse circulation drilling system |
| CN2208614Y (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-09-27 | 孙继岩 | Vehicle carried geological prospecting equipment |
| CN106285460A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-01-04 | 邹叔仪 | A kind of hydraulic down-the-hole drill of red switch one |
| CN106368603A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-02-01 | 广州市中潭空气净化科技有限公司 | Drilling rig for geological exploration |
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| CN107448196A (en) | 2017-12-08 |
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