CN107425820B - Amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on current feedback type operational amplifier - Google Patents
Amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on current feedback type operational amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN107425820B CN107425820B CN201710760278.2A CN201710760278A CN107425820B CN 107425820 B CN107425820 B CN 107425820B CN 201710760278 A CN201710760278 A CN 201710760278A CN 107425820 B CN107425820 B CN 107425820B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
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Abstract
An amplifying circuit for realizing common mode suppression of high-frequency signals based on a current feedback operational amplifier is formed by cascading n-level instrument amplifying circuits, wherein n is more than or equal to 1, each level of instrument amplifying circuit is composed of two current feedback operational amplifiers, the homodromous input end of each current feedback operational amplifier B1 is connected with a spike signal source, the homodromous input end of each current feedback operational amplifier A1 is connected with An avalanche signal source (avalanche signals are overlapped on spike pulse signals), and the output end of each current feedback operational amplifier An and the output end of each current feedback operational amplifier Bn are respectively connected with two input ends of a radio-frequency transformer T. The invention solves the technical defect that the high differential mode gain can not be realized by adopting the radio frequency amplifier, and has the characteristic of high common mode rejection ratio; the high bandwidth characteristic meets the requirement of high-frequency signal processing, and meanwhile, the problem of limited current feedback type gain is solved by adopting a cascade gain mode, so that the purpose of realizing high-precision discrimination of avalanche signals is also achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed analog signal conditioning circuits of single photon detectors, in particular to an amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on current feedback operational amplifiers.
Background
In quantum key distribution systems (QKD), the dark count rate, the post-pulse count rate, and the dead time of single photon detectors based on avalanche diodes are all limited by the performance of the avalanche signal conditioning circuit. Since in the gating mode the gating signal is capacitively coupled into the signal path through the avalanche diode junction, a spike is generated whose amplitude is several tens of times that of the avalanche signal; the conditioning circuit of the avalanche signal is required to suppress spike pulses while amplifying the avalanche signal so as to ensure that the back-end circuit discriminates the avalanche signal which is small enough. One method commonly used is to generate a uniform spike signal, differentially amplify the spike signal with the avalanche diode output signal, and common mode reject the spike to obtain an avalanche signal.
The spike pulse and the avalanche signal are high-frequency signals, and the common mode signal is eliminated while the signals are amplified, which cannot be accomplished by only adopting a radio frequency amplifier. It is necessary to design a differential amplifying circuit with a common mode rejection ratio higher than 40 dB. However, in the radio frequency field, the method of performing power subtraction and then radio frequency amplification is greatly affected by discrete parameters, so that the requirement of common mode rejection cannot be met, and the method of performing radio frequency amplification and then subtraction is firstly performed, and the requirement of high differential mode gain cannot be met due to the limitation of the common mode signal on the dynamic range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an amplifying circuit for realizing common mode suppression of high-frequency signals based on a current feedback type operational amplifier, which adopts a cascade type instrument amplifying circuit to replace an output signal conditioning circuit of a single photon detector as a radio frequency amplifying circuit, can amplify avalanche signals with large gain, eliminates spike pulses as common mode signals, and achieves the technical effect of realizing high-precision discrimination of the avalanche signals.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides An amplifier circuit based on current feedback formula operational amplifier realizes high frequency signal common mode rejection, by n-level instrument amplifier circuit cascade constitution, n is greater than or equal to 1, the instrument amplifier circuit of each level comprises two current feedback formula operational amplifier, current feedback formula operational amplifier's reverse input and output are connected with feedback resistance Rf, the reverse input of two current feedback formula operational amplifier of same level instrument amplifier circuit all is connected through gain resistance Rg and electric capacity Cg, first order instrument amplifier circuit includes current feedback formula operational amplifier A1, current feedback formula operational amplifier B1's syntropy input is connected spike signal source, current feedback formula operational amplifier A1's syntropy input is connected spike signal source and avalanche signal source, last order instrument amplifier circuit includes current feedback formula operational amplifier An, current feedback formula operational amplifier Bn, current feedback formula operational amplifier An's output and current feedback formula operational amplifier Bn's are respectively connect two radio frequency transformer T input.
Preferably, the amplifying circuit is formed by cascading three stages of instrument amplifying circuits.
Preferably, the current feedback operational amplifier employs OPA695, THS3202 or THS4304.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on the current feedback type operational amplifier solves the defects that the common mode signals cannot be eliminated by adopting a radio frequency amplifier, and the frequency characteristic of gain is greatly influenced by discrete parameters and cannot meet the requirement of common mode rejection by adopting a differential amplifying circuit with the common mode rejection ratio higher than 40 dB; compared with a voltage feedback operational amplifier, the high-bandwidth characteristic of the current feedback operational amplifier is used as a component element in an instrument amplifying circuit junction, the high-frequency signal processing requirement is met, meanwhile, the problem that the current feedback gain is limited is solved in a cascading gain mode, the current feedback operational amplifier is used for amplifying the high-frequency signal, the frequency characteristic is stable, the bandwidth is only dependent on a feedback resistor, in addition, the common-mode signal and noise are effectively restrained by adopting a method of firstly amplifying the differential mode and then subtracting the common-mode signal, and the purpose of realizing high-precision discrimination of avalanche signals is achieved while spike pulses serving as the common-mode signal are eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high frequency signals based on a current feedback operational amplifier according to the present invention.
In the figure: the instrumentation amplifier circuit 100, the current feedback operational amplifier 110.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, an amplifying circuit for implementing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on a current feedback operational amplifier is formed by cascading n-stage instrumentation amplifying circuits 100, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1, each stage of instrumentation amplifying circuit 100 is formed by connecting two current feedback operational amplifiers 110 in parallel, the reverse input end and the output end of each current feedback operational amplifier 110 are connected with a feedback resistor Rf, the reverse input ends of the two current feedback operational amplifiers 110 of the same stage of instrumentation amplifying circuit 100 are connected through a gain resistor Rg and a capacitor Cg, the first stage of instrumentation amplifying circuit comprises a current feedback operational amplifier A1 and a current feedback operational amplifier B1, the same-directional input end of the current feedback operational amplifier B1 is connected with a spike signal source and An avalanche signal source, the final stage of instrumentation amplifying circuit 100 comprises a current feedback operational amplifier An and a current feedback operational amplifier Bn, and the output end of the current feedback operational amplifier An and the output end of the current feedback operational amplifier Bn are respectively connected with two radio frequency input ends of the current feedback operational amplifier B1. Wherein the gain value of each stage is determined by the value of the feedback resistor Rf/gain resistor Rg, and the ratio range of the feedback resistor Rf/gain resistor Rg depends on the bandwidth and the proper range of the gain.
In the meter amplification structure, the relation between the output voltage and the input voltage of the nth stage can be expressed as follows:
the relationship of the input voltage of the n+1th stage and the output voltage of the n-th stage can be expressed as:
and (3) after iterative calculation, obtaining:
the first level input may be expressed as:
the relationship of the 3 rd stage output to S1, S2 can be expressed as:
the cascade meter amplification circuit amplifies only avalanche signals as differential mode signals and does not amplify spike signals as common mode signals
The output stage is formed by a 1:1 radio frequency transformer, as in the connection mode of fig. 1, the subtraction of signals A3 and B3 is realized, so that the signals at the output end are:
U o ＝(8k 3 -4k 2 -2k)S 2
wherein: u is signal voltage, K=Rf/Rg, S' 1 Is S 1 Through junction capacitance C c Spike coupled to input stage S 2 Is an avalanche signal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the amplifying circuit is formed by cascading three stages of instrument amplifying circuits 100, the bandwidth of a current feedback operational amplifier 110 is more than GHz, and a chip is adopted: OPA695, THS3202 or THS4304 are all reachable. The resistance value of the feedback resistor Rf is determined by the bandwidth requirement of the current feedback operational amplifier, and if THS3202 is selected as the current feedback operational amplifier in the instrument amplifying structure and the bandwidth requirement is 1GHz, the resistance value of the feedback resistor Rf is about 280 Ω. The resistance of the gain resistor Rg is determined by a single-stage gain, and because the gain of the current feedback type operational amplifier is limited, the gain of each stage is set to be 10, and the gain resistor Rg is about 56 omega, wherein K=Rf/Rg=280/56 approximately equal to 3. The capacitance Cg is 10nF, and in the bandwidth of the high-frequency signal processed by the invention, the feedback resistance Rf is far smaller than the gain resistance Rg, wherein the primary gain is set to be 10, and the three-stage cascade is 1000.
The amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on the current feedback type operational amplifier solves the defects that the common mode signals cannot be eliminated by adopting a radio frequency amplifier, and the frequency characteristic of gain is greatly influenced by discrete parameters and cannot meet the requirement of common mode rejection by adopting a differential amplifying circuit with the common mode rejection ratio higher than 40 dB; compared with a voltage feedback operational amplifier, the high-bandwidth characteristic of the current feedback operational amplifier is used as a component element in an instrument amplifying circuit junction, the high-frequency signal processing requirement is met, meanwhile, the problem that the current feedback gain is limited is solved in a cascading gain mode, the current feedback operational amplifier is used for amplifying the high-frequency signal, the frequency characteristic is stable, the bandwidth is only dependent on a feedback resistor, in addition, the common-mode signal and noise are effectively restrained by adopting a method of firstly amplifying the differential mode and then subtracting the common-mode signal, and the purpose of realizing high-precision discrimination of avalanche signals is achieved while spike pulses serving as the common-mode signal are eliminated.
Claims (3)
1. The amplifying circuit is characterized by comprising n stages of instrument amplifying circuits in cascade connection, wherein n is more than or equal to 1, each stage of instrument amplifying circuit is composed of two current feedback type operational amplifiers, the reverse input ends and the output ends of the current feedback type operational amplifiers are connected with feedback resistors Rf, the reverse input ends of the two current feedback type operational amplifiers of the same stage of instrument amplifying circuit are connected through gain resistors Rg and capacitors Cg, the first stage of instrument amplifying circuit comprises a current feedback type operational amplifier A1 and a current feedback type operational amplifier B1, the homodromous input ends of the current feedback type operational amplifier B1 are connected with spike signal sources, the homodromous input ends of the current feedback type operational amplifier A1 are connected with spike signal sources and avalanche signal sources, the last stage of instrument amplifying circuit comprises a current feedback type operational amplifier An and a current feedback type operational amplifier Bn, and the output ends of the current feedback type operational amplifier An and the output ends of the current feedback type operational amplifier Bn are respectively connected with two input ends of a radio frequency transformer T.
2. The amplifying circuit for realizing common mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on current feedback operational amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the amplifying circuit is formed by cascade connection of three stages of instrument amplifying circuits.
3. The amplifying circuit for realizing common-mode rejection of high-frequency signals based on current feedback operational amplifier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current feedback operational amplifier adopts OPA695, THS3202 or THS4304.
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