CN107425296A - 具有交错天线元的天线装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的主题是“具有交错天线元的天线装置”。本发明提出了一种可连接到收发机上在至少两个分开的频带内发送和接收RF信号的天线装置。这种天线装置具有至少两组排列在反射器上的天线元,这些天线元沿单个列排列成交错配置。这两个分开的频带基本上不相重叠但相互比较接近,所述列内相邻天线元之间沿列的距离基本相同。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于多频带工作特别是用于移动通信系统的具有交错天线元的天线装置,如在权利要求1的导言中所述。本发明还涉及适合通过通信链路与基站通信的天线系统。
背景技术
在移动通信系统内当前用来发送和接收RF(射频)信号的天线阵通常专用于单个频带或者有时是两个或更多个频带。单频带天线已经使用了好长时间,通常包括多个排列成垂直的行的天线元。如果网络内的运营商想要用单频带天线另增加一个频带,就需要在第一行天线元旁再增加一行第二行天线元。然而,这需要足够的空间来实现,而这种天线装置还可能对不同频带的信号之间的干扰敏感。
这些缺点部分地已由附图1A和1B示意性示出的现有技术的装置10解决。
在图1A中,示出了两种天线元11、12交替地排列成一列。第一天线元11是可在两个不同频带FB1和FB2内工作的双频带天线元,而第二天线元12是只能在一个频带FB1内工作的天线元。
这种现有技术的实施例的缺点是频带FB1和FB2由于构成天线元11的部件很接近而相互耦合。
因此,这种配置只适用于频带间距大的情况,例如FB2的频率近似为FB1的两倍。如果频带太接近,就必须在非常接近天线元处使用高Q值的滤波器,例如使用占据不小空间和比较不经济和笨重的空腔滤波器。
图1B所示的现有技术装置,如US 6,211,841(Nortel)所揭示的,由包括配置在两个平行的列13a、14a内的在较低的第一频带内工作的第一天线元11a和交替地设置在两个相邻的列13a、15a内的在较高的第二频带内工作的第二天线元12a的阵列形成。这两个相邻列中的一个列(13a)与配置第一天线元11a的两个列中的一个列是同一个列。由于将天线元11a、12a布置在平行、紧邻并间隔开的列中,因此可能实现甚至在频带相互比较接近(直至2/3左右)的频带之间的足够低的耦合。
US 6,844,863 B2(Andrew公司)揭示了一种具有交错的天线元阵列的装置。这里,各个阵列在一个公共频带内特意相互耦合。
因此,需要有一种能在两个或更多个频带内工作而频带之间的耦合得到减小的新的天线装置,这种天线装置不需要使用接近天线元的滤波器,或者如果需要使用滤波器,使用Q值小的滤波器,诸如微带或带状线滤波器,这种滤波器尺寸小而且实现起来比较经济。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多频带天线装置和天线系统,与现有技术的天线相比,可以降低不同频带之间的耦合,同时还使所需空间减到最小。
这个目的是用一种可与收发机连接的用来发送和接收至少两个分开的频率区域内的RF信号的多频带天线装置实现的。这种天线装置具有至少两组配置在反射器上的天线元。第一组天线元在第一频率区域内工作,排成一列,而第二组天线元在第二频率区域内工作,也排成一列。按照本发明,第一和第二组天线元交错配置在一条直线上,形成单个列,所述第一和第二频率区域分别包括第一和第二频带,它们是分开的而且基本上不相重叠,但相互比较接近,以及所述列内在不同频带内工作的相邻天线元之间沿所述列的距离基本相同并小于所述第一和第二频带中最高频带的中心频率的波长λ。
这个目的也由一种适合通过通信链路与基站通信的天线系统实现。这种天线系统包括天线装置,以及控制发送给所述天线装置内的天线元的信号和从所述天线装置内的天线元接收到的信号的相位和振幅的装置。
根据本发明的优选实施例,天线元的单个列还包括在第三频率区域内工作的第三组天线元,第三频率区域包括与所述第一和第二频带分开并不相重叠的第三频带,第三频带的中心频率高于或低于所述第一和第二频带的中心频率。
根据本发明的优选实施例,所述第二和第三组的天线元每一都位于所述第一组的两个相邻的天线元之间。
根据本发明的优选实施例,第三组的天线元设置在与第一和第二组的天线元不同的位置,第三组天线元也在第一和第二组的天线元之间交错配置。
此外,根据本发明的优选实施例,分开的频带之间的耦合通过在相邻的天线元之间提供抑制装置而受到抑制,其中抑制装置是寄生元件。
本发明的优点是可以获得频带之间的隔离超过30 dB,即使频带相互接近也不需要使用空腔滤波器。
本发明的另一个优点是很容易配置具有所希望的频带选择的天线。
本发明的又一个优点是这种天线装置可以做得比现有技术的装置小。
技术人员从以下详细说明中可以清楚地看到本发明的另一些目的和优点。
附图说明
图1A示出了现有技术的双频带天线装置的示意图;
图1B示意性地示出了现有技术的另一个双频带装置;
图2A示出了按照本发明设计的双频带天线装置的示意图;
图2B示出了图2A的装置的改进型;
图2C例示了用于双频带天线装置的两个频带的分离情况;
图3示出了按照本发明设计的双频带天线装置的第一实施例的透视图;
图4示出了双频带天线装置的第二实施例的透视图;
图5示出了双频带天线装置的第三实施例的透视图;
图6示出了多频带天线装置的第一实施例的透视图;
图7示出了图6所示的多频带天线装置的示意图;
图8为例示在包括按照本发明设计的天线装置的天线系统内的信号通路的方框图;
图9示出了包括附加滤波器的多频带天线阵的第二实施例的示意图;
图10示出了多频带天线阵的第三实施例的示意图;以及
图11示出了包括按照本发明设计的多频带天线的天线系统。
具体实施方式
图1A和1B所示的现有技术的天线装置上面在本发明的技术背景中已经作了说明。
图2A示出了按照本发明设计的可以在包括第一和第二频带FB1和FB2的两个频率区域内工作的双频带天线装置20的示意图,这两个频带是分开的,基本上不相重叠,但是相互比较接近。在较低频带FB1内工作的天线元21(实线所标)是第一类型的,而在较高频带FB2内工作的天线元22(虚线所标)是第二类型的。
图2B所示的改进型双频带天线装置25基本上与图2A所示的相同,唯一的差别是交叉极化天线元26与线性y极化天线元27相交错。
图2C例示了这两个频带“基本上不相重叠”的情况。较低频率范围内的天线元21(图2A)的输入反射系数用S参数S11表示,而较高频率范围内的天线元22的输入反射系数用C参数S22表示。实际上,反射系数应该小于-15 dB(Rmax)。此外,两个频带之间的交叉耦合系数也应该很小,例如小于-20 dB(Cmax)。用这些标准,可以定义工作频带FB1和FB2,示意性地如图2C所示。因此,虽然相应频率实际上是部分交叠的,但所选频带FB1和FB2是相互分开、相互区分的。
第一和第二频带应具有如下关系的中心频率:
2/3 < f1/f2 < 3/2, f1 ≠ f2
而可能的中心频率的典型实例有:
f1 = 850 MHz, f2 = 900 MHz;
f1 = 1800 MHz, f2 = 2000 MHz;
f1 = 1900 MHz, f2 = 2100 MHz;
f1 = 2000 MHz, f2 = 2500 MHz。
这些天线元可以是补片、偶极子、交叉极化天线元、介质谐振器天线(DRA)或技术人员可用的任何其他类型的天线元。本发明的基本特征是每个天线元只在一个频带内工作,这些天线元沿直线单列交错配置在反射器上,如图2所示。
图3、4和5示出了图2所示情况的不同实施例。
图3示出了双频带天线装置30,它具有第一类型天线元31,实现为在较低频带FB1内发送和接收的双补片天线元。第二类型天线元32实现为在较高频带FB2内发送和接收的补片天线元。较低频带的例子可以是1710-2170 MHz,较高频带的例子可以是2.5-2.7 GHz。这两种天线元是熟悉该技术领域的人员众所周知的。
两个相邻的天线元的中心之间的间距“x”对于阵列内的所有天线元基本上是一样的,对于上面所例示的频带,在0.3-0.7λ(λ为两个频带中最高频带的中心频率的波长)或者说28-54 mm的范围之内。在较低频带的同一个频带内工作的天线元31之间的第一距离“y”在与(较低的)频带的中心频率的波长(λ)的0.5-0.9λ相应的距离范围之内。类似,在较高频带内工作的天线元32之间的第二距离“z”在与(较高的)频带的中心频率的波长(λ)的0.5-0.9λ相应的距离范围之内。距离y可以与距离z不同,但由于这会导致不希望有的影响,因此优选的是距离y等于z。例如,y和z都选为100 mm左右。
结合图3所说明的实施例含有颇大的天线元,而且可能有涉及在两个天线元相互配置得太远时会出现栅瓣的问题。
在图4和5所示的实施例中就考虑了这个问题。
在图4中示出了双频带天线阵的第二实施例40的透视图。双频带天线阵40含有两种天线元,第一类型天线元41用于较低频带,第二类型天线元42用于较高频带。例如,第一类型天线元41只接收在1920-1980 MHz范围内的RF信号,而第二类型天线元42只发送在2110-2170 MHz范围内的RF信号,这两个频带之间留下了130 MHz的抑制频带。因此,UMTS频带的传统天线被替代为具有分别用于Rx频带和Tx频带的独立天线元的双频带天线,从而可以实现简化的Tx和Rx无线电信道。
这两种天线元41和42由比传统的补片天线小许多的DRA(介质谐振器天线)构成。用DRA的缺点是,与其他类型的天线元相比,DRA具有较窄的带宽,但是如果仅用于接收或发送,它们能以满足要求的方式工作。与如结合图3所说明的补片天线元相比,DRA的尺寸可以大大减少出现的栅瓣,因为与结合图2所说明的天线元相比这些天线元可以配置得相互更为接近。
在图5中示出了双频带天线阵50的第三实施例的透视图。双频带天线阵50含有两种天线元,第一类型天线元51用于较低频带,第二类型天线元52用于较高频带。例如,第一类型天线元51发送和接收在1710-2170 MHz范围内的RF信号,与结合图3所说明的天线元31类似。第二类型天线元52发送和接收在2.5-2.7 GHz范围内的RF信号,这个频带与天线元32(图3)的工作频带相同。
前面所说明的天线元32与天线元52之间的差别是所用的天线元的类型。在结合图5所说明的第三实施例中,将DRA用作第二类型天线元。虽然DRA也许带宽窄一些,但第二天线元足以保证正常工作。为了减小相邻天线元之间的耦合(从而降低对滤波器的需求),在各个天线元51、52之间加了屏蔽墙53,而距离(x、y和z)保持与结合图3所说明的那样。
优选的是,将介质谐振器天线(DRA)用于较高频带,因为它的带宽比较窄。
图6和7示出了本发明的包括三个不同频带的多频带天线阵60的实施例。这个实施例包括三种类型天线元,第一类型天线元61用于较低频带FB1,第二类型天线元62用于中间频带FB2,第三种天线元63用于较高(或者更低)频带FB3。作为例子,可以有以下的中心频率f1、f2、f3的一些组合:
F1 = 850 MHz, f2 = 900 MHz, f3 = 1800 MHz;
f1 = 850 MHz, f2 = 900 MHz, f3 = 1900 MHz;
f1 = 850 MHz, f2 = 900 MHz, f3 = 2000 MHz;
f1 = 1800 MHz, f2 = 2000 MHz, f3 = 2500 MHz;
f1 = 1800 MHz, f2 = 2000 MHz, f3 = 2500 MHz;
f1 = 2000 MHz, f2 = 2500 MHz, f3 = 900 MHz。
有五个补片天线元61,其中有三个方形DRA 62与最低的三个补片天线元61交错,有三个圆形DRA 63与最上面三个补片天线元61交错。这样就形成了单个列,具有十一个交错的天线元,在三个分开的频带内工作。由于用了DRA,因此在列内各天线元之间就可以加屏蔽墙64,以将栅瓣减到最少。
相邻天线元之间的距离基本上与结合图3所说明的相同。两个相邻天线元中心之间的间距“x”对于列内所有天线元基本上是一样的。优选的是,工作在较低频带内的两个天线元61之间的第一距离“y”是与较低频带的中心频率(在本例中为1940 MHz)的0.5-0.9λ相应的距离。优选的是,工作在中间频带内的两个天线元62之间的第二距离“z”是与中间频带的中心频率(在本例中为2.35 GHz)的0.5-0.9λ相应的距离。优选的是,工作在较高频带内的两个天线元63之间的第三距离“w”是与较高频带的中心频率(在本例中为2.6 GHz)的0.5-0.9λ相应的距离。
距离y、z和w可以相互有些不同,但由于这将导致不希望的结果,因此优选的是距离y、z和w相互相等。
图8为示出按照本发明设计的天线系统80内的信号通路的方框图。这些信号通路可以分成发送通路Tx和接收通路Rx,它们接到如图所示的各自天线元81和82上或者接到一个共用天线元(未示出)上。
接收通路Rx包括滤出所希望的射频(RF)频带的带通滤波器BP1和与之串联的任选的低通滤波器LP,用于在经滤波的RF信号馈入低噪声放大器LNA之前消除寄生谐振。经放大的RF信号由本机振荡器LO和混频器83频移成IF(中频)信号。此后,IF信号用包括模数变换器(ADC)的装置变换成数字信号。
图8中示出了三个不同的安排。第一选项包括将全部RF频带变换成16 s/c(采样/码片)的数字流的宽带A/D变换器W/ADC。第二选项包括若干个一起将全部RF频带变换成16s/c的数字流的载波A/D变换器SC/ADC。
第一和第二选项中的16 s/c数字信号然后馈入数字滤波器DF和数字下变换器DDC。DDC将16 s/c的信号变换成7 s/c的信号后馈送给接收控制信号(优选的是数字形式的)数字移相器DPS。控制信号是通过诸如光纤85之类的通信线路从所连接的基站(未示出)接收到的。DPS对数字化IF信号的相位φ和振幅α进行控制。来自DPS的信号与来自其他任选的天线元的信号一起馈入相加模块84。
将IF信号变换成数字化信号的第三选项包括模拟移相器APS,模拟移相器APS被馈有通过诸如光纤85之类的通信线路从所连接的基站(未示出)接收到的控制信号(优选的是模拟形式的)。APS控制IF信号的相位φ和振幅α,它们经后面的将信号变换成16 s/c的数字流的模数变换器ADC数字化。第三选项中的16 s/c数字信号然后馈入数字滤波器DF和数字下变换器DDC。DDC将16 s/c的信号变换为7 s/c的信号后与来自其他任选天线元的信号一起馈入相加模块84。
此后,2 s/c的数字I和Q信号通过光纤85发送给基站。通过光纤的通信可以使用CPRI标准通信协议。
基站还将要发送的1 s/c的数字I和Q信号提供给分离器86。信号可以以数字或模拟方式予以控制,这两种情况都将结合图8进行说明。
在数字选项中,来自分离器86的信号馈送给数字移相器DPS,它被提供有数字控制信号以对基站通过光纤85发来的发送信号的相位φ和振幅α进行控制。信号然后馈送给用于数字上变换DUC的装置87,数字预矫正PDP和峰值因子缩减CFR然后与数字发送信号连接。DUC将信号从7 s/c变换到16 s/c。DPD用来使信号在放大后成为线性信号,而CFR用来限制信号内的峰值,以优化放大器AMP的性能。这个数字信号此后在数字/模拟变换器DAC内进行处理,成为IF发送信号。
在模拟选项中,信号然后馈送给用于数字上变换DUC的装置87,数字预矫正PDP和峰值因子缩减CFR随后与数字发送信号连接。数字信号此后在数字模拟变换器DAC内进行处理,成为IF发送信号,再馈送给被提供有模拟控制信号的模拟移相器APS,以对从基站通过光纤85传来的发送信号的相位φ和振幅α进行控制。
信号然后通过利用本机振荡器LO和混频器88频移成RF发送信号。RF发送信号在后接有任选滤波器F的放大器AMP内加以放大。发送通路的最末尾是带通滤波器BF2,在通过天线元82发送之前选择所希望的射频频带。RF信号在带通滤波器BF2前被检测,用本机振荡器LO和混频器89频移成IF反馈信号。IF反馈信号用数字模拟变换器DAC变换为数字信号后馈入装置87内的DPD。对于发送通路来说,所用的本机振荡器是同一个本机振荡器LO。
在本例中,用不同的天线元81、82来发送和接收信号,当然也可以用公共天线元来发送和接收信号。
图9示出了多频带天线阵的第二实施例110的示意图。多频带天线阵110包括附加滤波器LP、BP和HP,以在天线装置的工作频带FB1、FB2和FB3之间提供更好的隔离。
天线装置110包括两种类型天线元,第一天线元111是接收第一频带FB1内的RF信号和发送第二频带FB2内的RF信号的双频带天线元。在第一频带FB1内接收到的RF信号馈入低通滤波器LP或低频带通滤波器,然后馈送给第一收发器电路T1。来自第一收发器电路T1的发送RF信号馈入带通滤波器BP然后馈送给双频带天线元111。
第二类型天线元112在较高的第三频带FB3内工作,即接收和发送FB3内的RF信号。来自第二收发器电路T2的RF信号通过高通滤波器HP或高频带通滤波器馈送给天线元112,而来自天线元112的RF信号通过高通滤波器HP或高频带通滤波器馈送给第二收发器电路T2。收发器电路T1和T2与基站BS(未示出)连接。
抑制装置呈现为配置在各天线元111、112之间的金属条113,以使这些天线元相互屏蔽。每个金属条以绝缘方式固定在反射器114上,例如在金属条与反射器之间用绝缘材料绝缘。滤波器可以提供超过30 dB的更大隔离,而这种结构本身仅能给出15-20 dB的隔离。
在这个实施例中,为工作在同一频带内的所有天线元只配置了一个滤波器,而在图11中例示了另一个实施例,为每个天线元各使用一个独立的滤波器。
图10示出了多频带天线装置的包括三种类型DRA天线元116、117和118的第三实施例115的示意图。这些元交错配置,使得在两个相同类型的天线元之间配置有两个不同类型的天线元。距离y、z和w优选的是与结合图6所说明的相同,相邻天线元116、117和118之间的距离x优选的是相互相等的。
进一步增大多频带天线各频带之间的隔离的适当措施示于图11。图11示出了具有诸如结合图2A、2B、3、4和5所说明的之类的双频带天线装置101的通信系统100,每个在低频频带内工作的天线元102与低频频带的收发器电路T1之间有一个低通滤波器(或带通滤波器) LP,而每个在高频频带内工作的天线元103与高频频带的收发器电路T2之间有一个高通滤波器(或带通滤波器)HP。每个收发器电路T1、T2已结合图8作了说明,与接到PSTN上的基站BS连接,如该技术领域内的专业人员众所周知。
天线系统100还包括由基站BS控制的遥控电俯仰装置RET。RET对执行器104进行控制,使天线101的波瓣的电俯仰角改变,如该技术领域内的专业人员众所周知。
如果天线装置101包括超过两个频带的天线装置,诸如图6、7、9和10所示的实施例,工作在中间频带内的每个天线元都配有一个带通滤波器,以增大与较低和较高频带的隔离。这些滤波器可以提供超过30 dB的更大隔离,而这种结构本身仅能给出15-20 dB的隔离。
天线元的馈电可以包括可用于各种所设想的诸如补片天线、DRA、偶极子天线、交叉极化天线之类的天线元的探针馈电、小孔馈电。
Claims (8)
1.一种天线,包括:
双频带阵列,所述双频带阵列包括第一类型的天线元和第二类型的天线元,
其中所述第一类型的天线元和所述第二类型的天线元在形状上是不同的;
其中所述第一类型的天线元将要在更低频带内接收和传送信号;
其中所述第二类型的天线元将要在更高频带内接收和传送信号;
其中所述更低频带和所述更高频带是分开的并且是不相重叠的;
其中所述第一类型的天线元和所述第二类型的天线元是交错的并且被布置成非重叠配置;
其中所述第一类型的天线元中的相邻元件被规则地间隔开并且所述第二类型的天线元中的相邻元件被规则地间隔开。
2.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中所述第一类型的天线元包括交叉极化天线元并且被规则地间隔开的所述第一类型的天线元中的相邻元件是基于所述更低频带的。
3.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中被规则地间隔开的所述第二类型的天线元中的相邻元件是基于所述更高频带的。
4.如权利要求2所述的天线,其中被规则地间隔开的所述第一类型的天线元中的相邻元件之间间隔的距离基于所述更低频带的中心频率来确定。
5.如权利要求4所述的天线,其中被规则地间隔开的所述第一类型的天线元中的相邻元件之间间隔的距离在0.5-0.91λ的范围内,其中λ是所述更低频带的中心频率的波长。
6.如权利要求4所述的天线,其中被规则地间隔开的所述第二类型的天线元中的相邻元件之间间隔的距离在0.5-0.9λ的范围内,其中λ是所述更高频带的中心频率的波长。
7.如权利要求4所述的天线,其中被交错的相邻元件之间间隔的距离在0.3-0.7λ的范围内,其中λ是所述更低频带和所述更高频带当中最高一个的中心频率的波长。
8.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中所述更低频带和所述更高频带相互比较接近。
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US7808443B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
CN107425296B (zh) | 2021-05-04 |
EP1908147B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
CN101228665A (zh) | 2008-07-23 |
WO2007011295A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US20090135078A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1908147A4 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
EP1908147A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
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