CN107415747A - A kind of power-driven system and electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

This application discloses a kind of power-driven system and electric automobile, and the system is applied to electric automobile, specifically including motor and power supply unit.Motor includes rotor and stator, and more set driving coils are provided with stator；Power supply unit is connected with more set coils respectively, for being powered to more set driving coil power supplies or individually to a set of driving coil of certain selected simultaneously.By above-mentioned arrangement the often set driving coil in more set driving coils can be made to work independently, other driving coils can also drive working rotor when failure occurs for driving coil in part.Under the environment higher applied to this reliability of electric automobile, the problem of can avoiding causing electric automobile not run due to the partial fault of driving coil, simultaneously, there is provided more vast motor high efficiency range.

Description

A kind of power-driven system and electric automobile

Technical field

The application is related to electric vehicle engineering field, more specifically to a kind of power-driven system and electric automobile.

Background technology

Electric automobile refers to, using vehicle power as power, be travelled with power wheel, meets road traffic, security legislation The vehicle of requirements.Because the relatively conventional automobile of effect on environment is smaller, its prospect is had an optimistic view of extensively, but current techniques are still not Maturation is, it is necessary to do many perfect.

Because the driving power needed for electric automobile is larger, therefore, meeting relatively high power and limited driving voltage Under the premise of, motor generally requires to be driven using larger driving current, causes motor to need the long period to exist Worked under larger live load.Due to foregoing, the coil of motor is possible to the live load because larger Break down, so as to cause electric automobile can not normal operation, result even in the generation of traffic accident.

The content of the invention

In view of this, the application provides a kind of power-driven system and electric automobile, for driving electric automobile to carry out work Make, with avoid due to driving coil break down and cause electric automobile can not run-.

To achieve these goals, it is proposed that scheme it is as follows：

A kind of power-driven system, applied to electric automobile, the power-driven system includes motor and power supply is set It is standby, wherein：

The motor includes rotor and stator, and more set driving coils are provided with the stator；

The power supply unit is connected with more set coils respectively, for simultaneously to more set driving coils power supplies or Then individually powered to a set of driving coil of certain selected.

Optionally, often covering the driving coil includes three-phase coil, the wiring construction of the three-phase coil for star or Triangle.

Optionally, the corresponding single phase winding for often covering the driving coil is an independent coil.

Optionally, the corresponding single phase winding for often covering the driving coil is the different segmentations in a complete coil, The lead at the both ends of the segmentation is the centre tap of the complete coil.

Optionally, the power supply unit includes multiple cell apparatus and multiple drive devices, wherein：

The cell apparatus includes multiple battery cells, and the multiple battery cell is connected by connecting with parallel way；

The electrical energy inputs of each drive device are connected with the corresponding cell apparatus respectively, electric energy output end It is connected with the corresponding driving coil.

Optionally, the cell apparatus includes multiple battery cells, wherein：

The part battery cell is connected by series system, forms multiple monomer chains；

Multiple monomer chains form the power pack of the cell apparatus after being connected in parallel.

Optionally, the quantity of the quantity of the drive device and the driving coil matches, and each driving dress Put and be connected respectively with the corresponding driving coil.

Optionally, the power supply unit also includes charging module, wherein：

The charging module is used to be charged to the battery cell or the cell apparatus.

Optionally, the charging module includes multiple charhing units, wherein：

The charhing unit is used to be the part battery cell or a battery list in the multiple battery cell Body is charged.

A kind of electric automobile, it is provided with power-driven system as described above.

It can be seen from the above technical scheme that this application discloses a kind of power-driven system and electric automobile, this is System is applied to electric automobile, specifically including motor and power supply unit.Motor includes rotor and stator, on stator It is provided with more set driving coils；Power supply unit is connected with more set coils respectively, for simultaneously to more set driving coils power supplies or Person individually powers to a set of driving coil of certain selected.Often set in more set driving coils can be made by above-mentioned arrangement Driving coil can work independently, and other driving coils can also drive rotor work when in part, failure occurs for driving coil Make.Under the environment higher applied to this reliability of electric automobile, it can avoid leading due to the partial fault of driving coil Send a telegraph the problem of electrical automobile can not be run.

Meanwhile the number of driving coil startup can be determined according to the size of load.

Brief description of the drawings

, below will be to embodiment or existing in order to illustrate more clearly of the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art There is the required accompanying drawing used in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this Some embodiments of application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for power-driven system embodiment that the application provides；

Fig. 1 a are another structural representation for the power-driven system that the application provides；

Fig. 1 b are another structural representation for the power-driven system that the application provides.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application is carried out clear, complete Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only some embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made Embodiment, belong to the scope of the application protection.

The research and development of the electric automobile major scientific and technological projects in China start from 2001, and the science and technology by two five-year plans is attacked Close and the Olympic Games, the application of Expo, " ten thousand, cities " Demonstration Platform pull, from scratch, technology is in and held Electric Cars in China Continuous progressive state, it is established that there is the full industrial chain technical system of electric automobile of independent intellectual property right.

Currently, in the technology path of various electric automobiles, using hybrid power, pure electric automobile and fuel cell car as The electric automobile of representative is generally considered the Main way of future automobile energy power system Transformation Development, has become the world Automobile is made the country prosperous and Main Auto manufacturer development priority.China has been world car great industry nation, but " greatly without strong ", China Following auto industry must seek new thinking.Ev industry is expected to open up new growth point for Chinese Automobile Industry '.

From the point of view of development abroad situation, although the electrically-charging equipment construction of external Main Developed Countries also in the starting stage, But governmental support dynamics is very big.From the point of view of domestic development situation, Chinese electrically-charging equipment, which builds Primary Actor, includes country The enterprises such as the extra large oil in grid company, Southern Power Grid Company, general day, sinopec, BYD.In recent years, China had gone into operation one The charging station and charging pile of fixed number amount, charging modes have fast charge, trickle charge, change that battery etc. is a variety of, and work in advance is built to be follow-up Provide invaluable experience.Instantly, the enterprise such as State Grid Corporation of China, Southern Power Grid Company, the extra large oil in general day, sinopec with majority Local government has signed strategic cooperation agreement, has formulated more clear and definite construction object and plan, and charging station construction starts to present The impetus of accelerated development.

The famous automobile factory commercial city in countries in the world is stepping up to develop all kinds of electric automobiles, and achieve it is a certain degree of enter Exhibition and breakthrough.

First, Japan all the time, for the concern to energy crisis and environmental protection and captures future world automobile city The consideration of field, Japan attach great importance to the development and exploitation of electric automobile.From the point of view of instantly worldwide whole situation, Japan It is one of electric vehicle engineering a few countries with the fastest developing speed, particularly the production development side in hybrid vehicle Face, Japan occupy first place in the world.Enterprise, only Japanese Toyota and Honda Liang Jia motor corporations.In December, 1997, Toyota's vapour Che companies are proposed the hybrid power car PRIUS of first item batch production in the world in the Japanese market first.The car in Start in July, 2000 to export North America, the same year September starts outlet Europe, in the national list marketing in more than 20, the whole world.Instantly The product of release has been the second generation product after multiple improve, and its production technology is more ripe.According to Toyota Motor Corporation Test, PRIUS cars are under the operating mode of city than the corolla car fuel-economizing 44.4% of equal discharge capacity；In suburbs, fuel-economizing 29.7%, comprehensive Close fuel-economizing 40.5%.Relevant statistics shows that Toyota Motor Corporation has occupied the part in global hybrid vehicle market 90% Volume.On September 15th, 2004, the First Automobile Group and Toyota Motor company have held hybrid vehicle collaborative project label in Beijing Word ceremony, announce both sides in 2005.Co-production Toyota PRIUS hybrid power cars.PRIUS hybrid power cars will be The same year enters Chinese market.

After PRIUS hybrid power cars, Toyota Motor Corporation is also proposed ESTIMA hybrid vehicles and carrying The CROWN cars of soft hybrid power system.Low burn consumption, low emission and improvement of the Toyota Motor Corporation in popularization hybrid power system Walked in terms of driving performance in the forefront in the world.In addition.The Insight hybrid electric vapour of Honda Motors Co.'s exploitation Car has also been launched, and supply falls short of demand.Civic hybrid powers have been launched on American market by April, 2002, Honda Motors Co. Automobile.Nissan Motor announces, will sell Ahima board hybrid vehicles to American market in 2006, this be it in First product that Joint Production hybrid vehicle agreement is signed with Toyota Motor Corporation in 2002.

Second, the U.S..The motor corporation in the U.S. is more inferior than the colleague from Japan many in terms of electric vehicle industrialization, Only small lot produced and sold pure electric automobile for big three automakers, and hybrid power and fuel cell electric vehicle are also not Industrialization can be realized, the mixing power electric automobile from Japan occupies leading position on American market.

3rd, Norway.Norway's electric automobile sales volume has reached 10,000 within 2012, and the ratio for accounting for new car sales volume then reaches 5.2%, this is quite noticeable for the population only Norway of 5,000,000 populations.The electric automobile in Norway market is mostly to produce Leaf daily Vehicle, daily output Leaf types car is ranked first 3 in Norway's sale of automobile in the market within 2012, and the electric automobile of other brands has Revas and KewetBuddies etc..

Climate change, the energy and environmental problem are the long-standing problems that human society faces jointly.As the U.S. represents to return COP15(《UNFCCC》The 15th meeting of contracting party) and using China, India as representative emerging nation It is included into wherein, and major country actively implements the energy and environment protection strategy, the whole world, which enters, really solves mankind society The epoch of meeting common issue.Whether greenhouse gas emission, energy resource consumption and the exhaust emissions three major issues of traffic and transport field have Effect solution directly affects mankind's common issue and can effectively solve the problem that, therefore, global government of major country, tissue, car manufactures, Energy supplier, risk investment enterprise common action get up, and promote the upgrading of Global Auto industrial structure change and dynamical system electricity Dynamicization strategic transformation, promote the electric automobile social base industry with multilayered structure to be formed and protected with corresponding policy, tissue Hinder System Construction, the formation of sustainable development needs electric automobile society.

As world energy consumption big country and environmental protection important force, China actively implements electric automobile science and technology development strategy, Promote auto industry industrial structure upgrading and the transition of dynamical system motorized, cultivate and Development of EV is social, and achieve Certain effect, but still be faced with policy environment and need that perfect, industrial foundation is weak, international competitiveness is weak, open collaborative innovation badly Environment is poor, intellectual property protection and standardizing consciousness are low, indivedual key technologies have to be strengthened, vehicle cost height, business model to visit The problems such as rope is insufficient.This report is on the basis of brief analysis foreign countries electric automobile social development present situation and stage characteristic, emphatically The development course of Electric Cars in China society is summarized, forms the basic industry design feature of Electric Cars in China society, electronic vapour Policy, standard, organization system current situation needed for car social construction, and combine new-energy automobile emerging strategic industries Cultivate and the suggestion of Electric Cars in China social development is improved in development, proposition.

It is to solve Global climate change important means to reduce field of traffic greenhouse gas emission, is to build sustainable development electricity Electrical automobile society precondition.Main Countries government, tissue have all formulated strict automobile exhaust emission standard, it is intended to subtract Few field of traffic influences to caused by global climate and environment.

In addition, Los Angeles,U.S photochemical fog, world oil crisis, middle-east situation turmoil, Beijing thick weather etc. one A little events have promoted automotive engineering in world wide to focusing on environmental protection, ensureing that national oil proposes safely an urgent demand It is progressive, accelerate electric automobile social construction.

When 2000, under environmental protection and the promotion of national oil security strategy, electric automobile society quilt is built Schedule is mentioned, China enters electric automobile society " science and technology guiding " initial stage of development.(the Tenth Five-Year Plan period and " ten in stage Early stage First Five-Year Plan ") with electric automobile key technology research and develop for principal character, emphatically carry out the original innovation of electric automobile key technology and System integration innovation, test environment construction, professional technician culture, Technical Standard System are built, open collaborative innovation environment A series of activities such as construction, transformation of scientific and technical result activity.

Tenth Five-Year Plan Period, to capture electric automobile Scientific And Technical Problems as point of penetration, fully taking into account, Chinese industrial basis is thin The present situations such as weak, research strength is not strong, enterprise's R＆D input is limited, it is excellent to play the socialist system that China concentrates our resources to get big jobs done More property, Department of Science and Technology's creativeness propose " three vertical three is horizontal " electric automobile research and development strategical planning layout, make the overall arrangement for electric automobile pass Key technology is tackled key problems, so as to complete the original innovation of Electric Cars in China key technology and system integration innovation.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan phase Between, on the basis of conscientiously previous research is summarized, power system of electric automobile technology platform and key components and parts research and development are focused on, Strengthen scale industrialization research of technique.

The species of electric automobile mainly includes pure electric automobile (BEV), hybrid vehicle (PHEV) and fuel cell vapour Car (FCEV).

The automobile that pure electric automobile is driven by motor.It is for fuel-engined vehicle, main difference is that four big portions Part：Motor, speed setting controller, electrokinetic cell and onboard charger.It is four big that the quality discrepancy of pure electric automobile depends on this Part, it is worth the quality that height also depends on this four big part.The purposes of pure electric automobile is also matched somebody with somebody in the selection of four big parts Put directly related.

The speed per hour speed and toggle speed of pure electric automobile depend on motor power and performance, its mileages of continuation it Length depends on the size of vehicle mounted dynamic battery capacity, and the weight of vehicle mounted dynamic battery depends on which kind of electrokinetic cell selected, such as Plumbic acid, zinc carbon and lithium battery etc., their volumes, proportion, specific power, be different from than energy, cycle life, it is specific choose and what Kind of battery is depending on positioning and purposes and market of the manufacturer to vehicle class define, the market segments.

The motor of pure electric automobile has DC brush, point that be brushless, having permanent magnetism, electromagnetism, then has exchange stepper motor Deng their selection is also relevant with vehicle configuration, purposes, class.The speed regulating control of other motor also divide step speed regulation and Stepless speed regulation, have using electronic speed controller and point without speed setting controller.Motor has wheel hub motor, internal rotor electricity Machine, there are single motor driving, multi-motor driving and composition motor driving etc..

The relatively easy maturation of technology of pure electric automobile, as long as the place for having supply of electric power can charge.But there is also The shortcomings that certain, as battery cell's weight storage energy very little, also because the battery of electric car is more expensive, do not form economic rule again Mould, therefore purchasing price is more expensive, as use cost, some are more expensive than automobile using price, and some prices are only the 1/3 of automobile, this Depend primarily on the life-span of battery and oil, the electricity price lattice of locality.

Hybrid vehicle refers at least obtain the automobile of power from the energy of following two classes on-board storages, is respectively Consume the engine of fuel and rechargeable storage device.It can be divided into tandem mixing according to power system architecture form and move Power automobile (SHEV), parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and Series-Parallel HEV (CHEV).

The driving force of serial type hybrid automobile (SHEV) derives from the hybrid power of motor.It is structurally characterized in that and starts Machine drives electrical power generators, and electric energy is conveyed to motor by electric machine controller, running car is driven by motor.It is in addition, dynamic Power battery individually can also provide electrical energy drive running car to motor.

The driving force of parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is concurrently or separately supplied by motor and engine.Structure is special Point is that parallel drive system can be used alone engine or motor as power source, can also simultaneously using motor with Engine is as power source drive running car.

Series-Parallel HEV (CHEV) has the characteristics of tandem, parallel type of drive.Structure is can be Work, can also be worked under parallel hybrid mode, and taken into account the excellent of series and parallel simultaneously under series hybrid mode Point.

In addition, with the development of mixed power electric car technology, it is several that its type is not limited to the above, can also be according to it Its pattern divides.On domestic market, the main flow of motor vehicle driven by mixed power is all gasoline hybrid power, and diesel oil on international market Hybrid electric vehicle develops also quickly.

For hybrid vehicle, using after hybrid power can by averagely need to power determine the internal combustion engine most It is high-power, it is now in working under the optimum operating condition that oil consumption is low, pollution is few.When needing heavy duty underpower, by electricity Pond supplements；When load is few, power more than needed can generate electricity and charge the battery, and due to the sustainable work of internal combustion engine, battery again can be with Charging is continuously available, therefore its stroke is as general-utility car.

Because there is battery, when can very easily reclaim braking, descending when, idling when energy.In bustling urban district, Internal combustion engine can be closed down, is operated alone by battery, realizes the zero-emission of pollutant.There is internal combustion engine very easily to solve to consume The problem that the pure electric automobiles such as the big air-conditioning of energy, heating, defrosting run into.Existing gas station can be utilized to refuel, it is not necessary to throw again Money.Battery can be allowed to be maintained at good working order, do not overcharge, cross and put, extend its service life, reduce cost.Shortcoming It is that run at high speed substantially can not be fuel-efficient over long distances.

Fuel cell is the automobile using fuel cell as electrical source of power.The chemical reaction process of fuel cell will not produce Noxious products, therefore fuel-cell vehicle is pollution-free automobile, the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell is higher than internal combustion engine by 2~3 Times, therefore in terms of the utilization and environmental protection of the energy, fuel cell car is a kind of preferable vehicle.

Single fuel cell must be combined into fuel cell unit, to obtain required power, meet what vehicle used It is required that.

In recent years, fuel cell technology had been achieved for great progress.World-renowned automobile factory, such as wears nurse Le-Chrysler, Ford, Toyota and General Motors Corporation have announced, plan to throw fuel cell car before 2004 To market.Instantly, the sample car of fuel-cell car is tested, and is the transport motor bus of power in North America using fuel cell Several cities in carry out demonstrative project.Technical challenges, such as fuel are remained in fuel cell car is developed The integration of battery pack, commercialization electric automobile fuel processor and assisted parts automobile factory are improved all towards integrated component Direction effort with component costs are reduced, and has achieved significant progress.

Compared with orthodox car, fuel cell car has advantages below：Zero-emission or approximate zero-emission；Reduce machine oil Reveal the water pollution brought；Reduce the discharge of greenhouse gases；Improve fuel economy；Improve engine combustion efficiency； Operate steadily, noiseless.

For a kind of any of the above described electric automobile, its basic composition can include substantially：Driven by power and control The mechanical systems such as system, driving force transmission, the equipment for completing assigned tasks etc..Driven by power and control system are electronic vapour The core of car, and be different from the maximum difference of internal-combustion engines vehicle, other devices of electric automobile are substantially and internal-combustion engines vehicle It is identical.Wherein, driven by power and control system are made up of speed-regulating control device of drive motor, power supply and motor etc..

Power supply provides electric energy for the drive motor of electric automobile, and the electric energy of power supply is converted into mechanical energy by motor.Should It is lead-acid accumulator with most commonly used power supply, but as the development of electric vehicle engineering, lead-acid accumulator fill because energy is low Electric speed is slow, short life, is gradually substituted by other batteries.The power supply developed mainly have sodium-sulphur battery, nickel-cadmium cell, Lithium battery, fuel cell etc., the application of these novel power supplies, wide prospect is opened for the development of electric automobile.

As most important part in electric automobile, its electrokinetic cell performance determines its mileages of continuation and cost.Electricity The R＆D work of electrical automobile battery experienced the evolution from lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery to lithium battery, and each battery is each There are pros and cons.

Lead-acid battery occurs earliest, and the time used is also most long, belongs to battery series.The security performance of lead-acid battery Preferably, seldom there is phenomena such as blast, catch fire, simply energy storage effect is not ideal.Later, people have developed Ni-MH battery, It is all more preferable than lead-acid battery to store the effect of electric energy and power, but caused hydrogen holds in charging process due to Ni-MH battery Easily explode, so enterprise is in available or unavailable state to Ni-MH battery.

To before and after 2000, people have succeeded in developing lithium battery.The electric energy of lithium battery storage is the 2-3 of lead-acid battery Times, but because the lithium ion that it contains is active in layer on surface of metal, easily occur situations such as spontaneous combustion, blast, danger in atmosphere It is dangerous higher.So research and development of the various countries to lithium battery mainly control its safety and stability.

Lithium battery probably energy cycle charging 1000 times or so, the energy storage effect of wherein ferric phosphate lithium cell compares cobalt acid lithium battery It is weaker with the effect of lithium manganate battery, but its security performance is best, stored energy ratio lead-acid battery is much higher, so now Ferric phosphate lithium cell is most expected.Current driving force battery includes following several：

1) ultracapacitor

The advantage of ultracapacitor is that quality specific power is high, had extended cycle life, and weakness is that specific energy is low, acquisition price It is expensive, but cycle life is up to 500,000~1,000,000 times, therefore single cycle is inexpensive, with lead-acid battery, energy type lithium-ion electric Pond parallel connection can be with the excellent dynamic power system of component property.

2) lead-acid battery

Lead-acid battery production technology is ripe, and security is good, cheap, the easy reclaiming of refuse battery.In the last few years, passed through New technology, it is lower than energy, cycle life is short, charging when occur acid mist, production in may have the shortcomings that Lead pollution environment not Breaking in overcoming, indices improve a lot, and can not only be well used as the power supply of electric bicycle and battery-operated motor cycle, and Good effect can be also played on electric automobile.

3) lithium ion battery using LiFePO4 as positive pole

Negative pole is that carbon, the lithium battery integrated performance of just extremely LiFePO4 are good, and security is higher, without the raw material of costliness, Without harmful element, cycle life is up to 2000 times, and has overcome the shortcomings that electrical conductivity is low.The mass-energy density of energy-type cells Reachable 120Wh/kg is measured, it is used in parallel with ultracapacitor, can be with the comprehensive electrical source of power of component property.The mass ratio of power-type Energy also has 70~80Wh/kg, can be used alone without super capacitors in parallel.

4) lithium ion battery using lithium titanate as negative pole

Lithium titanate Volume Changes in recharge-discharge are minimum, ensure that the motor mechanism stable long-life with battery；Metatitanic acid Lithium electrode point position is higher (being 1.5V relative to Li+/Li electrodes), can not generate lithium dendrite arm when battery charges, ensure that electricity The high security in pond.But also because lithium titanate electrode potential is higher, even if being matched with the higher lithium manganate cathode of electrode potential, battery Voltage also only about 2.2V, so the ratio energy of battery only has about 50~60Wh/kg.Even so, this battery high security, The outstanding advantages of long-life, and other batteries are unrivaled.

The effect of drive motor is that the electric energy of power supply is converted into mechanical energy, passes through transmission device or direct drive of wheel And equipment.But dc motor, due to commutation spark be present, power is small, efficiency is low, and maintenance work amount is big；With electricity The development of machine control technology, certainly will gradually by DC Brushless Motor (BLDCM), switched reluctance motor (SRM) with exchange it is different Step motor is substituted, such as non-shell disk axial magnetic field D.C. series motor.

According to driving principle, the motor of electric automobile can be divided into following 4 kinds：

1) dc motor.

Early stage Development of Electric Vehicles, many electric automobiles are all to use dc motor scheme.It is primarily to see and suffers The characteristics of product of direct current generator is ripe, and control mode is easy, and speed governing is excellent.But due to the short slab of dc motor in itself very Prominent, its own complicated mechanical structure (brush and mechanical commutator etc.), momentary overload capacity and the motor for constraining it turns The further raising of speed；And in the case where working long hours, the mechanical structure of motor can produce loss, improve maintenance into This.In addition, spark during motor operation can make rotor heating, energy is wasted, radiating is difficult, can also cause high-frequency electromagnetic Interference, these factors can all influence specific vehicle performance.

The shortcomings that due to dc motor, is very prominent, and current electric automobile eliminates direct current generator.

2) AC asynchronous motor.

AC induction motor is to apply quite varied a kind of motor in current industry, is characterized in stator and rotor by silicon steel Piece is overrided to form, and both ends are encapsulated with aluminium lid, the mechanical part not contacted with each other between stator and rotor, simple in construction, reliable It is durable, it is easy to maintenance.AC induction motor is more efficient compared with the dc motor with power, the about light half of quality Left and right.If using the control mode of vector controlled, the controllability to be compared favourably with direct current generator and broader speed governing can be obtained Scope.Due to there is the advantages such as efficiency high, specific power are larger, are suitable for running at high speed, alternating current asynchronous machine is current high-power electricity Most widely used motor on electrical automobile.

To ensure that motor cools down but the rotor heating of motor is serious in the case where running at high speed, during work, at the same it is asynchronous The driving of motor, control system are very complicated, and the cost of motor body is also higher, and frequency converter is also needed to when running in addition and is provided additionally Reactive power establish magnetic field, therefore mutually compared with magneto and switched reluctance machines, the efficiency and power of asynchronous machine are close Spend it is relatively low, be not efficiency optimize selection.

The more area of asynchronous motor application is the U.S., and this is also artificially relevant with road conditions.It is public at a high speed in the U.S. Road has certain scale, and in addition to big city, automobile is typically persistently travelled with certain high speed, so can allow at a high speed The asynchronous motor for operating and having greater efficiency in high speed is used widely.

3) permanent magnet motor.

Permanent magnet motor can be divided into two types according to the difference of the current waveform of stator winding, and one kind is brushless direct-current Motor, it has rectangular wave pulse electric current；Another kind is permagnetic synchronous motor, and it has sine-wave current.Both motors exist Be substantially the same in structure and operation principle, rotor is all permanent magnet, reduces and is lost caused by excitation, be provided with stator around Group produces torque by alternating current, so cooling is relatively easy.Because this kind of motor need not install brush and mechanical commutation Structure, commutation spark will not be produced during work, safe and reliable to operation, easy to maintenance, capacity usage ratio is higher.

The control system of permanent magnet motor is simpler compared to for the control system of AC induction motor.But by In being limited in itself by permanent-magnet material, under conditions of high temperature, vibrations and excessively stream, the permanent magnet of rotor can produce demagnetization now As so under relative complex condition of work, permanent-magnetic electric machine is easily damaged, therefore this part need to be continued development to change It is kind.

And permanent-magnet material price is higher, therefore whole electric motor and controller system cost is higher, and only rare earth provides at present The electric automobile drive scheme using magneto is tended in the abundant Chinese comparison in source.As Japan, Europe, otherwise it is using light The permanent-magnet material of rare earth makees magneto, or being directly to use instead without rare earth material, but requires higher to controller design Switched reluctance machines.

4) switched reluctance machines.

Switched reluctance machines are as a kind of New-type electric machine, for other kinds of motor, switched reluctance machines Structure it is the simplest, stator and rotor are the double-salient-pole structure that oOrdinary silicon steel sheet is overrided to form, and do not have winding, stator on rotor Equipped with simple concentratred winding, have it is simple in construction it is firm, reliability is high, light weight, cost are low, efficiency high, temperature rise is low, is easy to Many advantages, such as maintenance.And it has the good good characteristic of controllability of Direct Current Governor System, while it is applied to adverse circumstances, The motor for being highly suitable as electric automobile uses.

But switched reluctance machines have that torque ripple is big, needs position detector, mission nonlinear characteristic, magnetic field is jumping characteristic Rotation, control system are complicated；The shortcomings of very big pulse current can be produced to dc source.Other switched reluctance motor is double Salient-pole structure, is inevitably present torque ripple, and noise is the most important shortcoming of switched reluctance motor.

But recent studies indicate that using rational design, manufacture and control technology, the noise of switched reluctance motor Good suppression can be obtained completely.Picture research of the Japan to switched reluctance machines at present is more deep, the switch of Nidec Reluctance motor is also widely used in all kinds of industries such as electric automobile, household electrical appliances.China also has producer to pay close attention to this gradually at present The future thrust of block driving motor for electric automobile

Speed regulation control device of motor is for settings such as the speed change of electric automobile and direction transformations, and it is control electricity that it, which is acted on, The voltage or electric current of motivation, complete the driving torque of motor and the control of direction of rotation.

On the electric automobile of early stage, the speed governing of dc motor is using series resistor or the circle of change motor field coil Count to realize.Because its speed governing has level, and additional energy expenditure can be produced or use the complicated of motor, very It is few to use.Using it is wide be IGCT chopping regulating speed, by equably changing the terminal voltage of motor, control motor Electric current, to realize the stepless speed regulation of motor.In the continuous development of electron electric power technology, it is also gradually by other electric power crystal (such as GTO, MOSFET, BTR and IGBT etc.), chopper speed regulating device substitutes pipe.From the point of view of the development of technology, along with new drive The application of dynamic motor, the speed regulating control of electric automobile are changed into the application of DC inversion technology, by as the trend of certainty.

In the rotation direction conversion control of drive motor, dc motor changes armature or the electric current in magnetic field by contactor Direction, realizes the rotation direction conversion of motor, and this causes circuit complexity, reliability to reduce.Driven when using AC asynchronous motor When, the change that motor turns to need to only convert the phase sequence of magnetic field three-phase current, can simplify control circuit.In addition, using Ac motor and its Frequency Conversion and Speed Regulation Technique, the Brake energy recovery of electric automobile is set to control more convenient, control circuit It is simpler.

The effect of transmission device of electric vehicle is that the driving torque of motor is transmitted to the drive shaft of automobile, when using electronic During wheel drive, most parts of transmission device can usually be ignored.Because motor can be started with bringing onto load, electric automobile On clutch without traditional combustion engine automobile.Because the rotation direction of motor can be controlled by circuit and realize conversion, Electric automobile is without the reverse gear in internal-combustion engines vehicle speed changer.When using motor stepless speed regulation control, electric automobile can be with Ignore the speed changer of orthodox car.When using In-wheel-motor driving, electric automobile can also omit traditional combustion engine vehicle transmission The differential mechanism of system.

The effect of mobile devices is that the driving moment of motor is become to the active force in face in couples, driving moment by wheel Walking.It is identical with the composition of other automobiles, is made up of wheel, tire and suspension etc..

Transfer is set to realize the turning of automobile, by turning machine, steering wheel, steering mechanism and deflecting roller etc. Composition.The controling power of effect on the steering wheel, deflecting roller is deflected certain angle by turning machine and steering mechanism, realize vapour The steering of car.Most electric automobiles are front-wheel steer, and the electri forklift in industry usually uses rear-axle steering.Electric automobile Transfer has the types such as mechanical steering, fluid-link steering and hydraulic power-assisted steering.

The brake apparatus of electric automobile is the same with other automobiles, is set for car deceleration or parking, generally by making Dynamic device and its manipulation device composition.

Typically there is electro-magnetic braking device on electric automobile, it can realize electronic using the control circuit of drive motor The generator operation of machine, make the electric current of the paired battery charging of energy conversion during retarding braking, so as to obtain regeneration.It is domestic Electric automobile is had legs NAILI sliding-vane air compressors, mainly to air damping equipment is provided in high-power passenger car The mode of braking of compressed air.

Equipment is that commercial power electrical automobile is to fulfil assignment to require and specially set, as the raising of electri forklift fills Put, door frame, pallet fork etc..The raising of pallet fork and the inclination of door frame are generally completed by the hydraulic system of motor driving.

Embodiment one

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for power-driven system embodiment that the application provides.

As shown in figure 1, the power-driven system that the application provides is applied to electric automobile, for substituting traditional internal combustion hair Motivation specifically includes motor M and power supply unit to drive electric automobile to operate.

The motor can be direct-drive motor or AC driven motor, and the motor of that all includes corresponding Stator and rotor.Wherein, stator is used to receive power supply unit output electric energy, and to drive rotor to rotate, rotor is then in stator It is rotated by, drives electric automobile to operate by rotating.

In the application motor compared to traditional motor for, distinguish that more sets are being provided with stator is separate Driving coil, often covering driving coil can work under the driving for the electric energy that power supply unit exports, i.e., can be using only The electrical energy drive rotor of power supply unit output rotates.

The structure of driving coil is specifically described by taking 3 sets of driving coils as an example in the present embodiment.Often cover driving coil Including three-phase coil L1, i.e. 3 single phase windings, this 3 single phase windings connect into triangular structure or star structure, so as to structure Into above-mentioned single set driving coil.

For set coil more, the position phase of the single phase windings for covering every suit driving coil in coil in the stator more Together.For example, can be wound on three bundle conductors in stator into one, every wire is then used as respective drive line in three wires The single phase winding of circle.Single wire coiling in the stator can also be utilized, then this is challenge by oneself by tapped mode and led Line is divided into three parts, as shown in Figure 1a.Three separate corresponding single phase windings of single wire coiling can also be utilized, This three separate single wires can be hierarchies, can also be the structure that other are mixed.

Power supply unit is used to power to motor, specifically includes multiple cell apparatus 10 and multiple drive devices 20, and two Person's quantity is identical.Cell apparatus therein can be called batteries again, and electricity consumption batteries are driven currently as electric automobile Typically it is made up of lithium battery monomer, because lithium battery has many advantages, and the raising with yield and skill relative to lead accumulator The lifting of art, also possesses suitable cost advantage.

Cell apparatus generally comprises multiple battery cell (not shown), and battery cell here can include a lithium battery Monomer or one group of lithium battery monomer.The output voltage of battery cell is generally inadequate to drive the motor fortune of electric automobile Turn, therefore be combined by the way of series and parallel.Can be by the way that battery cell be connected into a monomer chain, each monomer The output voltage of chain can match the driving voltage of motor；Then multiple monomer chains are subjected to parallel connection, to meet driving electricity The power demand of machine.First parallel connection can also be used, in the structure of series connection.

Power supply unit includes multiple drive devices, and the quantity of drive device can be with the quantity phase of above-mentioned driving coil Together, i.e., the corresponding drive device of a set of driving coil, as shown in Figure 1 b.The electrical energy inputs of each drive device respectively with electricity Pool device is connected, i.e., can receive the electric energy of cell apparatus output；The electric energy output end of drive device then with driving coil It is connected, i.e., each drive device is connected with corresponding driving coil.

All driving coils can be powered simultaneously, can also be driven to certain selected set by the control to drive device Coil power supply, i.e., all or part of driving coil of motor is set to work by the switch control to drive device.Both often covered Driving coil can be worked independently, and the work of motor is not interfered with even if the damage of part driving coil yet.Driving coil Number depend on vehicle load.

Power supply unit also includes being used for the charging module (not shown) for charging to cell apparatus, the electric power of charging module Source is generally charging pile, cell apparatus is charged after charging pile inputing power is received, i.e., to the cell apparatus All battery cells are charged simultaneously, and so charging module needs larger charging current.Charging module can be with profit Formed with multiple charhing units, each charhing unit one is used to charge to a battery cell, passes through the negative of charhing unit Lotus is shared, and overall load pressure is obtained so as to reduce charging module.Each charhing unit also thinks that several battery cells are carried out Charging, the i.e. number of charhing unit can not equivalent and battery cells.

It can be seen from the above technical proposal that present embodiments providing a kind of power-driven system, the system is applied to electricity Electrical automobile, specifically including motor and power supply unit.Motor includes rotor and stator, and more sets are provided with stator Driving coil；Power supply unit is connected with more set coils respectively, for simultaneously to more set driving coil power supplies or individually to choosing The a set of driving coil power supply of certain fixed.The often set driving coils covered in driving coils can be made all by above-mentioned arrangement more It can work independently, other driving coils can also drive working rotor when in part, failure occurs for driving coil.Applied to Under the higher environment of this reliability of electric automobile, can avoid causing due to the partial fault of driving coil electric automobile without The problem of method is run.

Embodiment two

The present embodiment is provided with the power-driven system that above example is provided, and the power-driven system includes driving electricity Machine and power supply unit.Motor includes rotor and stator, and more set driving coils are provided with stator；Power supply unit respectively with it is more Set coil is connected, for being supplied to more set driving coil power supplies or individually to a set of driving coil of certain selected simultaneously Electricity.By above-mentioned arrangement the often set driving coil in more set driving coils can be made to work independently, be driven in part Other driving coils during failure, which occurred, for coil can also drive working rotor.Higher applied to this reliability of electric automobile Under environment, the problem of can avoiding causing electric automobile not run due to the partial fault of driving coil.

Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, what each embodiment stressed be and other The difference of embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.To the upper of the disclosed embodiments State bright, professional and technical personnel in the field is realized or using the application.A variety of modifications to these embodiments are to ability It will be apparent for the professional and technical personnel in domain, generic principles defined herein can not depart from the application's In the case of spirit or scope, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the application be not intended to be limited to it is shown in this article these Embodiment, and it is to fit to the most wide scope consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of power-driven system, applied to electric automobile, it is characterised in that the power-driven system includes motor And power supply unit, wherein：

The motor includes rotor and stator, and more set driving coils are provided with the stator；

The power supply unit is connected more with the coils that cover respectively, for simultaneously to more set driving coil power supplies or list Solely powered to a set of driving coil of certain selected.

2. power-driven system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that often covering the driving coil includes three-phase coil, The wiring construction of the three-phase coil is star or triangle.

3. power-driven system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that often cover the corresponding single-phase of the driving coil Coil is an independent coil.

4. power-driven system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that often cover the corresponding single-phase of the driving coil Coil is the different segmentations in a complete coil, and the lead at the both ends of the segmentation is the centre tap of the complete coil.

5. power-driven system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the power supply unit include multiple cell apparatus and Multiple drive devices, wherein：

The cell apparatus includes multiple battery cells, and the multiple battery cell is connected by connecting with parallel way；

The electrical energy inputs of each drive device are connected with the corresponding cell apparatus respectively, electric energy output end and phase The driving coil answered is connected.

6. power-driven system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the cell apparatus includes multiple battery cells, Wherein：

The part battery cell is connected by series system, forms multiple monomer chains；

Multiple monomer chains form the power pack of the cell apparatus after being connected in parallel.

7. power-driven system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the quantity of the drive device and the drives line The quantity of circle matches, and each drive device is connected with the corresponding driving coil respectively.

8. power-driven system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the power supply unit also includes charging module, its In：

The charging module is used to be charged to the battery cell or the cell apparatus.

9. power-driven system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the charging module includes multiple charhing units, Wherein：

The charhing unit is used to be that the part battery cell or a battery cell enter in the multiple battery cell Row charging.

10. a kind of electric automobile, it is characterised in that the power-driven system described in just like any one of claim 1~9 is set.