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CN107408813B - 用于电激励的旋转机电发电机的转子的滑环体 - Google Patents

用于电激励的旋转机电发电机的转子的滑环体 Download PDF

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CN107408813B
CN107408813B CN201680016883.2A CN201680016883A CN107408813B CN 107408813 B CN107408813 B CN 107408813B CN 201680016883 A CN201680016883 A CN 201680016883A CN 107408813 B CN107408813 B CN 107408813B
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support element
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CN107408813A (zh
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赫伯特·宾德尔
奥利弗·梅明杰
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/08—Slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/34—Connections of conductor to slip-ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
    • H02H3/162—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for AC systems
    • H02H3/165—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass for AC systems for three-phase systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/38—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
    • H02H3/385—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current using at least one homopolar quantity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/42—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to product of voltage and current
    • H02H3/422—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to product of voltage and current using homopolar quantities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/003—Structural associations of slip-rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/02—Connections between slip-rings and windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于旋转机电发电机(1)的可围绕轴线(10)旋转的电激励的转子的滑环体(2)，所述滑环体具有至少一个环绕的滑动接触面(12)，所述滑动接触面与至少一个轴向地从滑环体(2)的端侧伸出的电接口(11)导电地连接，其中滑环体(2)的端侧设有基本上对应于滑环体(2)的横截面的电绝缘的支撑元件(4)，所述支撑元件轴向地围绕接口(11)并且径向地支撑。

Description

用于电激励的旋转机电发电机的转子的滑环体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电激励的旋转机电发电机的转子的滑环体、旋转机电发电机、还有其在风力设备的发电机中的应用。
背景技术
对于旋转机电发电机而言，尤其在其作为风力发电机的应用中已知不同的设计。在此，一个设计是：经由滑环对转子的绕组馈电。该风力发电机的转子的电流必须从转子的绕组中导出并且连接到滑环体上。对此，应用具有大于90mm2的相对大的横截面的绞合线。
从现在开始，由于转子的飞逸转速的提高而存在如下危险：由于离心力负荷损坏滑环体的连接栓或其锚固松动，其中所述离心力负荷通过所述绞合线的自由重量产生。结果会使发电机高度损坏或失效和维修成本相对高。
由于电流强度高，从现在开始，为了导电能力而能够提供这种绞合线横截面。由此，从现在开始自由旋转的质量相对大，并且不再可忽略。在此，已知的是：电馈线具有三个铜型材并且在轴的内部中设有存在的刚性的引线，其经由栓钉和柔性的铜层压带将相应滑环的和转子的绕组连接。在此不利的是：在这种馈线失效时，高电流馈线是昂贵的并且同样维护强度高。
发明内容
以上述内容为基础，本发明的所基于的目的是：提供一种滑环体，所述滑环体也结合高电流的转子绕组提高离心力负荷。
所提出的目的的解决目的通过用于旋转机电发电机的可围绕轴线旋转的电激励的转子的滑环体来实现，所述滑环体具有至少一个环绕的滑动接触面，所述滑动接触面与至少一个轴向地从滑环体的端侧伸出的电接口导电地连接，其中滑环体的端侧设有基本上对应于滑环体的横截面的电绝缘的支撑元件，所述支撑元件将接口轴向地围绕并且径向地支撑。
根据本发明，借助支撑元件的离心力支撑装置将接口支撑在滑环体的端侧上，特别地相对于固定在该接口上的绞合线的离心力负荷和原本的离心力负荷支撑连接栓。支撑元件以满足双重任务：即首先经受住离心力负荷并且支撑绞合线和连接栓，还相对于滑环体设置电绝缘。
有利地，构成支撑环的支撑元件精确匹配地包围全部接口或连接栓，并且经由低公差的配合尺寸沿轴向方向支撑连接栓。因此，从现在开始，支撑元件吸收作用于连接栓上的离心力，进而对滑环体的接口减荷。因此，根据本发明避免了：连接栓在滑动体处损坏或者从其预设的固定部脱出。另一优点在于：从现在开始，能够通过相对更便宜的绞合线导体取代接口处的高电流馈线的高成本的解决方案，因为离心力负荷根据本发明由支撑元件所吸收。
因此，在旋转机电发电机的情况下根据本发明使用滑环时，在工业领域中和在风力发电机中，在机器转速高的情况下能够实现高电流。
附图说明
本发明以及本发明的其他有利的设计方案根据示意的实施例来详细阐述。其中示出：
图1示出机电发电机的原理纵截面图，
图2示出滑环体的立体图，
图3至图5示出不同相的滑环体的部分纵截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有滑环体2的机电发电机1的纵截面的原理图。滑环体2和转子7因此抗转动地固定在轴9上、同轴地定向并且以相同的转速围绕轴线10转动。
经由滑环体2，经由未详细示出的电刷设备3对转子7的绕组系统8供电。此外，定子5同样具有绕组系统6。绕组系统6和8分别在定子5和转子7的端侧上构成绕组头。绕组系统6、8设置在定子5和转子7中的未详细示出的槽中。转子7的绕组系统8和与滑环体2之间的电连接经由绞合线导体21进行，所述绞合线导体与接口、尤其连接栓11电连接。在此，接口具有一个或多个连接栓11，所述连接栓分别接触滑环体2的一个电相位。
图2示出滑环体2的立体图，所述滑环体具有轴钻孔13，所述滑环体在朝向观察者的一侧具有支撑元件4，六个连接栓11从所述支撑元件中伸出。连接栓11在其从滑环体2的端侧伸出的轴向长度上由支撑元件4包围，所述支撑元件构成为支撑环。连接栓11除了接触部位之外由绝缘部34包围。在此，在连接栓11的轴向端部处在支撑元件4的区域中分别露出一个接触面14，以便能够使绞合线导体21与连接栓11电接触。
将滑环体2轴向地连接到支撑元件4上，所述滑环体包括轴向地由端板25、26围住的绝缘元件和滑环接触面12的轴向序列。在此，为每个电相位L1、L2、L3对应于附图标记15、16、17地设有滑动接触面12。每个相位15、16、17在该实施方式中设有两个连接栓11。滑动接触面12优选沿环周方向观察具有波形伸展的沟槽20，以便确保均匀的炭刷磨损。
有利地，支撑元件4精确匹配地包围全部接口11或连接栓，并且经由低公差的配合尺寸沿径向方向支撑连接栓，所述支撑元件构成为一件式的支撑环。因此，从现在开始，支撑元件4在电机运行时吸收作用于连接栓上的离心力，并且因此对滑环体2的接口减荷。因此从现在开始避免了：连接栓在滑动体2处损坏或者从其预设的固定部脱出。
另一优点在于：从现在开始，能够通过相对更便宜的、具有绞合线导体21的解决方案能够取代接口11处的高电流馈线的高成本的解决方案，因为接口11的、尤其连接栓的离心力负荷根据本发明由支撑元件4所吸收。
在此，将应被取代的该耗费成本的高电流馈线尤其理解为轴内部中的、由铜型材构成的刚性的引线，所述引线通过多个栓钉和柔性的铜层压带将滑环和转子绕组彼此电连接。
图3至5在几乎相同的实施方案中具有滑环体2的部分纵截面，其中图3、图4和图5分别仅通过相应的连接栓11与其相应的滑动接触面12的接触来区分。连接栓11、尤其相位L1的连接栓，附图标记15，穿过另外的相位的另外的接触面绝缘地引导直至滑环体2的端侧上。这尤其能够比较图3至图5来确定。
在相应的相位L1、L2、L3的各个滑动接触面12之间存在绝缘元件19和24，所述绝缘元件应避免相位之间的电飞弧。
尤其在相位L1和L3的轴向外部的滑动接触面12与另外的构件、即例如接地的端板之间同样存在绝缘元件18和22，所述绝缘元件应避免接地的构件和相位之间的电飞弧。
在此，为了延长在不同的电势之间的这些爬电路径，在此将肋片23设置在绝缘元件18、19、24和22上。
支撑元件4有利地构成为由电绝缘材料构成的一件式的支撑环，所述支撑环在其外环周面27和/或其内环周面28上具有用于扩大爬电路径的肋片29。整个支撑元件的直径31大致对应于滑环体2的直径。径向的伸展部29根据对离心力补偿的要求对应于支撑环的连接栓11的直径33的1.5至5倍，如这例如可从图5中得出。支撑元件4的轴向厚度32还与离心力负荷相关并且对应于连接栓11的直径33的0.5至3倍。
有利地，支撑元件4具有保持相同的轴向厚度32。然而，也可行的是：一件式的支撑元件4尤其在围绕连接栓11的区域中已经在制造时就设有轴向的凸出部，以便获得改进的径向的支撑。该轴向的凸出部在此以如下厚度的环包围连接栓11，所述厚度大致对应于连接栓11的直径。
此外，支撑元件4的外部的和内部的环周面27、28基本上平行地定向。设置在外部的和内部的环周面27、28上的肋片的径向肋片高度是相同的。
在本发明的思想的另一形式中，支撑元件4的外部的和/或内部的环周面27、28锥形地构成。即外部的环周面27在其轴向伸展中始于滑环体2的端侧朝向轴线10。补充于此或替选于此，内部的环周面28在其轴向伸展中始于滑环体2的端侧远离轴线10伸展。
因此，在环周方向观察存在支撑元件4的、即支撑环的梯形横截面。这通过如下方式实现：支撑元件4的基本体、尤其其设置有肋片29的基础环周面与此相应地构成，和/或，-只要如在图2至图5中那样示出多个肋片29-变化该环绕的肋片29的肋片高度。于是，例如，在支撑元件4上处于滑环体2的端侧的肋片29具有比与更远离端侧设置的肋片更大的肋片够高度。
换言之，各个在环周方向上伸展的肋片的肋片高度在进一步的轴向的伸展中下降。
滑环体2的简单的且有效的结构允许这种旋转电机的可靠的且低维护的运行，尤其当所述旋转电机用作为分离设施中的发电机离岸或在岸使用时如此。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于旋转机电发电机(1)的能围绕轴线(10)旋转的电激励的转子的滑环体(2)，所述滑环体具有至少一个环绕的滑动接触面(12)，所述滑动接触面与至少一个轴向地从所述滑环体(2)的端侧伸出的电的连接栓(11)导电地连接，其中所述滑环体(2)的端侧设有基本上对应于所述滑环体(2)的横截面的、电绝缘的支撑元件(4)，所述支撑元件将所有连接栓(11)轴向地围绕并且径向地支撑，其中所述滑环体(2)轴向地连接到所述支撑元件(4)上，所述滑环体包括轴向地由端板(25、26)围住的绝缘元件和滑环接触面(12)的轴向序列，其中所述连接栓(11)除了接触面以外由绝缘部包围，其中所述支撑元件(4)构成为一件式的支撑环并且安装在所述端板的外侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑环体(2)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(4)具有用于扩大爬电路径的机构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滑环体(2)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(4)在所述支撑元件的径向外部的环周面(27)处具有用于扩大爬电路径的机构。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的滑环体(2)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(4)为了扩大爬电路径而具有环绕的肋片(29)。
5.一种旋转机电发电机(1)，具有电激励的转子(7)，在所述转子的轴向的延长部中设有围绕与所述转子(7)相同的轴线(10)旋转的、根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的滑环体(2)。
6.一种风力发电机，具有根据权利要求5所述的旋转机电发电机(1)。
7.一种风力设备，具有根据权利要求6所述的风力发电机。
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CN111355346B (zh) 2022-12-02
ES2772827T3 (es) 2020-07-08
CA2982666A1 (en) 2016-10-20
CN107408813A (zh) 2017-11-28
US20180131149A1 (en) 2018-05-10
CA2982666C (en) 2020-03-10
WO2016165939A1 (de) 2016-10-20
BR112017021933B1 (pt) 2022-10-04
CN111355346A (zh) 2020-06-30
EP3251181B1 (de) 2019-11-27
US10389074B2 (en) 2019-08-20
BR112017021933A2 (pt) 2018-07-03
EP3251181A1 (de) 2017-12-06
EP3082202A1 (de) 2016-10-19

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