CN107399140A - The laminating method and laminating machine of a kind of solar photovoltaic assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to solar-photovoltaic technology field, the laminating method and laminating machine of more particularly to a kind of solar photovoltaic assembly.The laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly, including：Thimble rise, solar photovoltaic assembly is jacked up, make solar photovoltaic assembly be located at heating plate top and not with contact heater plate；The upper chamber of laminating machine and lower room vacuumize, to vacuum state；Thimble declines, and solar photovoltaic assembly is fallen and contact heater plate, continues to keep lower room be in vacuum state, upper chamber is filled with gas and is extremely in normal atmosphere pressure condition；It is 5kpa to 20kpa that lower room, which is filled with gas to lower room air pressure, is kept for 5 minutes to 15 minutes；Lower room is filled with gas to standard pressure state is in, and laminating machine is uncapped, and solar photovoltaic assembly enters subsequent processing.Laminating method can reduce the glass bending deformation in component in this programme, the problems such as avoiding hungry area, bubble, shift, and can shorten lamination times, improve production efficiency.

Description

Lamination method and lamination machine for solar photovoltaic modules

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of solar photovoltaic technology, and in particular relates to a lamination method and a lamination machine of a solar photovoltaic module.

Background technique

In recent years, solar energy has received extensive attention and research as a new renewable energy source. Solar photovoltaic (also known as solar cell) is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical energy. At present, polycrystalline silicon solar cell components are commonly used. The indicators for testing their performance are long working life, high mechanical strength, and low combination cost. etc., the preparation process is: sorting, single welding, series welding, lamination, final assembly, where the lamination process determines the final performance of the product. Generally, the stacking sequence of polycrystalline silicon solar cell components is: EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is stacked on both sides of the welded solar cell array, and tempered glass and back sheet are placed on the outside. When laminating, put the stacked components into the laminator with the tempered glass facing down, draw out the air in the components by vacuuming, and then heat and pressurize to melt the EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), and the The layers of the component are bonded together.

In the currently commonly used lamination process, in order to shorten the heating time of the heating plate of the laminator and improve production efficiency, the temperature of the heating plate is always maintained at 100°C to 200°C. The heating plate is in direct contact, and the heating method is mainly heat conduction. Due to the thickness of the glass itself and the low thermal conductivity of the glass, it will cause uneven heating of the glass and warping around, resulting in uneven heating of the EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) in the middle and edges. In addition, the warping around the glass will also form a concentrated stress point at the edge, which is under greater pressure than other parts. The EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) at the edge of the component is easily extruded to cause degumming, or to form a sandwich bubble. Moreover, due to the uneven heating of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), the degree of melting is different, which affects the fluidity of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer). This flow force will also cause other effects such as: the conductive tin-coated solder strip used to connect the positive and negative electrodes in series is deformed and bent, affecting product performance and appearance.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a lamination method and lamination machine for solar photovoltaic modules that prevent glass from being heated during the vacuuming stage.

The first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a laminator, including:

an upper chamber, the upper chamber is a closed cavity, and is provided with a first air hole for inflating and deflating the upper chamber, and the bottom plate is a deformable flexible material; and

A lower chamber, the lower chamber is located below the upper chamber, the upper chamber can move downwards and form a closed cavity with the lower chamber, and the lower chamber is provided for connecting the lower chamber and the upper chamber The formed airtight cavity fills and deflates the second air hole;

The lower chamber includes a housing, a heating plate and a thimble, the heating plate is fixed in the cavity of the housing, and the thimble is located below the heating plate and can penetrate the heating plate.

Further, the lower chamber also includes a cylinder, the cylinder is fixed in the cavity of the casing, the lower end of the thimble is connected with the telescopic rod of the cylinder, and the thimble can be driven upward by the cylinder. movement throughout the heating plate.

The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for laminating solar photovoltaic modules, which is suitable for the above-mentioned laminator, and the method includes:

(1) Put the solar photovoltaic module into the lower chamber of the laminator, and control the temperature of the heating plate to 130°C to 180°C, wherein the glass side of the solar photovoltaic module faces downward;

(2) The upper chamber of the laminator moves downward to form a closed cavity with the lower chamber;

(3) Control the thimble to rise, and lift the solar photovoltaic module so that the solar photovoltaic module is located above the heating plate and does not contact the heating plate;

(4) Vacuum the upper and lower chambers of the laminator so that the upper and lower chambers remain in a vacuum state for 3 to 8 minutes;

(5) Control the drop of the thimble, make the solar photovoltaic module fall and contact the heating plate, continue to keep the lower chamber in a vacuum state, and fill the upper chamber with gas to make the upper chamber in a state of standard atmospheric pressure, and keep it for 10 to 70 seconds;

(6) Fill the lower chamber with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber is 5kpa to 20kpa, and keep it for 5 to 15 minutes;

(7) Fill the lower chamber with gas so that the lower chamber is in a state of standard air pressure, open the cover of the laminator, and the solar photovoltaic module enters the next process.

Further, in the step (1), the temperature of the heating plate is controlled to be 135°C to 175°C, and is maintained in steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) constant.

Further, in the step (4), after the upper chamber and the lower chamber are in a vacuum state, keep it for 4 minutes to 6 minutes.

Further, in the step (4), after the upper chamber and the lower chamber are in a vacuum state, they are kept for 5 minutes to 5.5 minutes.

Further, in the step (5), after the upper chamber is in the state of standard atmospheric pressure, keep it for 20 seconds to 60 seconds.

Further, in the step (5), after the upper chamber is in the state of standard atmospheric pressure, keep it for 30 seconds to 50 seconds.

Further, in the step (6), the lower chamber is filled with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber is 8kpa to 12kpa and kept for 6 minutes to 12 minutes.

Further, in the step (6), the lower chamber is filled with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber is 10kpa and kept for 8 minutes to 10 minutes.

Owing to having adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the technical progress that the present invention obtains is:

The thimble rises to lift the module, so that the solar photovoltaic module is located above the heating plate without direct contact with the heating plate, and then the upper and lower chambers are evacuated. Therefore, during the vacuuming stage, the solar photovoltaic module is mainly heated by thermal radiation. , The glass in the solar photovoltaic module is heated more evenly, thereby reducing the problem of glass self-explosion caused by warping or bending around the glass. Moreover, due to the low heating efficiency, the melting rate of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is relatively slow, and the melting degree of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) in different parts is similar, thereby reducing the temperature caused by EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer). ) flow caused by local degumming, air bubbles, cell displacement and ribbon bending and other quality problems, so that the vacuuming effect is better.

After the upper chamber is kept at standard atmospheric pressure for a period of time, the lower chamber is filled with gas until the air pressure in the lower chamber is 5kpa to 20kpa. Because if the lower chamber is always in a vacuum state, the heat transfer mode after the direct contact between the glass and the heating plate is mainly heat conduction, the heating efficiency is low, the lamination time is long, and the production efficiency is reduced. After a certain amount of gas is passed into the lower chamber, the lower gas is heated and rises, and the upper cooler gas descends, forming gas convection, improving heating efficiency, shortening lamination time, and improving production efficiency.

Description of drawings

The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vacuum stage described in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the lamination stage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

10-upper chamber, 20-lower chamber, 21-heating plate, 22-thimble, 23-cylinder, 30-solar photovoltaic module.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. The specific exemplary embodiments and descriptions described here are only for explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

This embodiment provides a laminator, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the laminator includes an upper chamber 10 and a lower chamber 20 . The upper chamber 10 is a closed cavity, and is provided with a first air hole for inflating and deflating the upper chamber, and the bottom plate is made of deformable flexible material. The lower chamber 20 is located below the upper chamber 10, and the upper chamber can move downward to form a closed cavity with the lower chamber, and the lower chamber 20 is provided with a The airtight cavity formed by the chamber 10 is filled with a second air hole for deflation. The lower chamber 20 includes a housing, a heating plate 21 and a thimble 22, the heating plate 21 is fixed in the cavity of the housing, the thimble 22 is located below the heating plate 21 and can penetrate through the heating plate twenty one.

The upper chamber 10 is inflated or evacuated through the first air hole. The bottom plate of the upper chamber 10 is a flexible material. When the air pressure of the upper chamber 10 is greater than that of the lower chamber 20, the flexible material expands and deforms downwards, squeezing the solar photovoltaic module 30. Preferably, a silicone diaphragm is used. The airtight cavity formed by the lower chamber 20 and the upper chamber 10 is inflated or evacuated through the second air hole.

During the vacuuming stage, the thimble 22 moves upwards, penetrates the heating plate 21 , and lifts the solar photovoltaic module 30 , so that the solar photovoltaic module 30 is located above the heating plate 21 and does not directly contact the heating plate 21 . In the lamination stage, the thimble 22 moves downward, driving the solar photovoltaic module 30 to fall on the heating plate 21 , and the heating plate 21 heats the solar photovoltaic module 30 .

Specifically, the lower chamber 20 also includes a cylinder 23, the cylinder 23 is fixed in the cavity of the housing, the lower end of the thimble 22 is connected with the telescopic rod of the cylinder 23, and the thimble 22 is in the Driven by the air cylinder 23 , it can move upwards through the heating plate 21 . The cylinder 23 drives the thimble 22 to act. Multiple thimbles 22 can be provided, and each thimble 22 is connected to one cylinder 23 , and multiple thimbles 22 can also be connected together and then connected to one cylinder 23 . In addition, the thimble 22 can also be set as a whole top plate, as long as it can support the solar photovoltaic module 30 .

This embodiment also provides a lamination method of a solar photovoltaic module, which is suitable for the above-mentioned laminator. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the steps of the lamination method of a solar photovoltaic module are as follows:

(1) Put the solar photovoltaic module 30 into the lower chamber 20 of the laminator, and control the temperature of the heating plate 21 to be 130°C to 180°C, wherein the glass surface of the solar photovoltaic module 30 faces downward;

(2) The upper chamber 10 of the laminator moves downward to form a closed cavity with the lower chamber 20;

(3) Control the thimble 22 to rise, and lift the solar photovoltaic module 30 so that the solar photovoltaic module 30 is located above the heating plate 21 and does not contact the heating plate 21;

(4) Vacuum the upper chamber 10 and the lower chamber 20 of the laminator, so that the upper chamber 10 and the lower chamber 20 maintain a vacuum state for 3 minutes to 8 minutes;

(5) Control the thimble 22 to descend, so that the solar photovoltaic module 30 falls and contacts the heating plate 21, and continues to keep the lower chamber 20 in a vacuum state, and the upper chamber 10 is filled with gas to make the upper chamber 10 in a state of standard atmospheric pressure, and keep it for 10 seconds to 70 Second;

(6) Fill the lower chamber 20 with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber 20 is 5kpa to 20kpa, and keep it for 5 minutes to 15 minutes;

(7) Fill the lower chamber 20 with gas so that the lower chamber 20 is in a state of standard air pressure, open the cover of the laminator, and the solar photovoltaic module 30 enters the next process.

The lamination process of solar cell modules is very important, which directly affects the output power, working life and mechanical strength of the modules. In the vacuuming stage, the thimble 22 rises to lift the solar photovoltaic module 30, so that the solar photovoltaic module 30 is located above the heating plate 21 and does not directly contact the heating plate 21. At this time, the heating mode of the solar photovoltaic module 30 is mainly heat radiation (thermal radiation) The transfer is divided into three ways: conduction, convection and radiation, radiation is one of the heat transfer methods), the glass in the solar photovoltaic module 30 is heated more evenly, thereby reducing the problem of glass self-explosion caused by warping or bending around the glass . Moreover, due to the low heating efficiency, the melting rate of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is relatively slow, and the melting degree of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) in different parts is similar, thereby reducing the temperature caused by EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer). ) flow caused by local degumming, local over-curing, air bubbles, cell displacement and ribbon bending and other quality problems, so that the vacuuming effect is better.

In the lamination stage, the thimble 22 descends, driving the solar photovoltaic module 30 to fall and contact the heating plate 21, the lower chamber 20 continues to maintain a vacuum state, and the upper chamber 10 is in a state of standard atmospheric pressure. At this time, the air pressure in the upper chamber 10 is greater than the air pressure in the lower chamber 20, and the flexible material at the bottom of the upper chamber 10 deforms and presses down on the solar photovoltaic module 30, while the EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) in the solar photovoltaic module 30 is heated After melting, under the action of pressure, the solar cell array, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), tempered glass and back sheet in the solar photovoltaic module 30 are glued together as a whole.

In the lamination stage, if the lower chamber 20 is always in a vacuum state, the heat transfer mode after the direct contact between the glass and the heating plate 21 is mainly heat conduction (heat is transferred from the part with a higher temperature of the object to the part with a lower temperature along the object, which is The main way of heat transfer in solids), the heating efficiency is low, the lamination time is long, and the production efficiency is reduced. Therefore, after upper chamber 10 is kept in the state of standard atmospheric pressure for a period of time, lower chamber 20 is filled with gas until lower chamber 20 air pressure is 5kpa to 20kpa, and now the pressure of lower chamber 20 is still less than the pressure of upper chamber 10. The flexible material still has pressure on the solar photovoltaic module 30, and the influence on the pressure is negligible, and at this time the gas in the lower chamber 20 can be used as a heat transfer medium, the gas in the lower layer rises when heated, and the cooler gas in the upper layer descends, forming gas convection (convection is One of the ways of heat transfer, is the main way of heat transfer in liquid or gas). Therefore, at this stage, the heat transfer methods are solid conduction and gas convection, which improves heating efficiency, shortens lamination time, and improves production efficiency.

Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the heating plate 21 is controlled to be 135°C to 175°C, and in the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) stay the same. The temperature of the heating plate is always maintained at 135° C. to 175° C. The purpose is to shorten the heating time of the heating plate 21. After the solar photovoltaic module 30 is in place, the laminator can start working immediately to improve production efficiency.

Preferably, in the step (4), after the upper chamber 10 and the lower chamber 20 are in a vacuum state, they are kept for 4 minutes to 6 minutes. The purpose of evacuating the lower chamber 20 is to squeeze out the gas in the solar photovoltaic module 30 to prevent the formation of air bubbles during the lamination stage, and the air bubbles will seriously affect the service life and output power of the solar photovoltaic module 30 . The purpose of vacuuming the upper chamber 10 at the same time is to keep the pressure of the upper chamber 10 and the lower chamber 20 the same, so as to prevent the pressure on the solar photovoltaic module 30 during the vacuuming stage, resulting in incomplete vacuuming, poor lamination effect, and affecting product quality. .

Specifically, in the step (4), the upper chamber 10 and the lower chamber 20 are kept in a vacuum state for 5 minutes to 5.5 minutes. According to the experimental data and production experience, the vacuum stage can be kept for 5 minutes to 5.5 minutes to completely squeeze out the gas, and the vacuum effect is the best.

Preferably, in the step (5), after the upper chamber 10 is in the state of standard atmospheric pressure, keep it for 20 to 60 seconds, and start to inflate the lower chamber 20 at this time, so as to maintain the pressure of the upper chamber 10 on the solar photovoltaic module 30 , and can speed up the heating rate of the solar photovoltaic module 30 and improve the production efficiency. According to the experimental data and production experience, in the step (5), after the upper chamber 10 is in the state of standard atmospheric pressure, keep it for 30 to 50 seconds, and then inflate the lower chamber 20, the effect is the best.

Preferably, in the step (6), the lower chamber 20 is filled with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber 20 is 8kpa to 12kpa, and kept for 6 minutes to 12 minutes. The air pressure in the lower chamber 20 after inflation is lower than the standard atmospheric pressure in the upper chamber 10, the purpose is to ensure the pressure of the upper chamber 10 on the solar photovoltaic module 30, and increase the gas convection to improve the heat transfer efficiency. The air pressure in the lower chamber 20 increases, the pressure of the upper chamber 10 on the solar photovoltaic module 30 becomes smaller, and the adhesion effect of each layer is not good, which affects the lamination effect, but it can strengthen the gas convection effect; the air pressure in the lower chamber 20 decreases , the pressure of the upper chamber 10 on the solar photovoltaic module 30 becomes larger, and the adhesion effect of each layer is enhanced, but the gas convection effect is weakened. According to the experimental data and production experience, in the step (6), the lower chamber 20 is filled with gas so that the air pressure in the lower chamber 20 is 10kpa, and the effect is optimal for 8 to 10 minutes.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. laminating machine, it is characterised in that including：

Upper chamber, the upper chamber are airtight cavity, and provided with for the first stomata for the upper chamber inflation/deflation, bottom plate is to deform Flexible material；With

Lower room, the lower room are located at the lower section of the upper chamber, and the upper chamber can move downward forms closed chamber with the lower room Body, the lower room are provided with the second stomata of the airtight cavity inflation/deflation for being used for being formed with the upper chamber for the lower room；

The lower room includes housing, heating plate and thimble, and the heating plate is fixed in the cavity of the housing, the thimble position In the lower section of the heating plate and the heating plate can be run through.

2. laminating machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lower room also includes cylinder, and the cylinder is fixed on In the cavity of the housing, the lower end of the thimble is connected with the expansion link of the cylinder, drive of the thimble in the cylinder It can be moved upwards through the heating plate under dynamic.

A kind of 3. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly, it is characterised in that suitable for the laminating machine described in claim 1 or 2, Methods described includes：

（1）Solar photovoltaic assembly is put into the lower room of laminating machine, the temperature for controlling heating plate is 130 DEG C to 180 DEG C, wherein, The glass of the solar photovoltaic assembly is face-down；

（2）The upper chamber of laminating machine is moved downward, and airtight cavity is formed with lower room；

（3）Control thimble rise, solar photovoltaic assembly is jacked up, make solar photovoltaic assembly be located at heating plate top and not with Contact heater plate；

（4）Upper chamber and lower room to laminating machine vacuumize, and to cause upper chamber and lower room to keep vacuum state, are kept for 3 minutes to 8 points Clock；

（5）Control thimble to decline, solar photovoltaic assembly is fallen and contact heater plate, continue to keep lower room to be in vacuum shape State, upper chamber is filled with gas and causes upper chamber to be in normal atmosphere pressure condition, and is kept for 10 seconds to 70 seconds；

（6）Downward room is filled with gas and make it that lower room air pressure is 5kpa to 20kpa, and is kept for 5 minutes to 15 minutes；

（7）Downward room is filled with gas and causes lower room to be in standard pressure state, and laminating machine is uncapped, under solar photovoltaic assembly enters One process.

A kind of 4. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step（1） In, the temperature for controlling heating plate is 135 DEG C to 175 DEG C, and in step（2）、（3）、（4）、（5）、（6）（7）In remain unchanged.

A kind of 5. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step（4） In, after upper chamber and lower room are in vacuum state, kept for 4 minutes to 6 minutes.

A kind of 6. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The step（4） In, after upper chamber and lower room are in vacuum state, kept for 5 minutes to 5.5 minutes.

A kind of 7. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step（5） In, after upper chamber is in normal atmosphere pressure condition, kept for 20 seconds to 60 seconds.

A kind of 8. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The step（5） In, after upper chamber is in normal atmosphere pressure condition, kept for 30 seconds to 50 seconds.

A kind of 9. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step（6） In, downward room is filled with gas and make it that lower room air pressure is 8kpa to 12kpa, is kept for 6 minutes to 12 minutes.

A kind of 10. laminating method of solar photovoltaic assembly according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The step（6） In, downward room is filled with gas and make it that lower room air pressure is 10kpa, is kept for 8 minutes to 10 minutes.