CN107395148A - A kind of temperature compensation equalizing circuit of TR components - Google Patents
A kind of temperature compensation equalizing circuit of TR components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，包括温补电路和均衡电路；所述温补电路采用PIN管芯和直流偏置电路实现温度补偿功能；所述直流偏置电路由固定电阻和热敏电阻串联组成；所述均衡电路，包括采用微带开路短截线+集总电阻的方式在开路传输线上实现的均衡电阻；所述均衡电阻在氧化铝陶瓷基片镀金和TaN电阻薄膜实现，并通过金丝焊接工艺实现两个均衡电阻的短路状态。能够较好的应用于超宽带TR组件中，解决超宽带TR组件频带内增益波动大、高低温增益波动大的问题，尤其是用于多个TR组件幅度一致性指标调试中具有较大的优点。
The invention provides a temperature compensation equalization circuit of TR components, including a temperature compensation circuit and an equalization circuit; the temperature compensation circuit adopts a PIN die and a DC bias circuit to realize the temperature compensation function; the DC bias circuit is composed of a fixed resistor Composed in series with a thermistor; the equalization circuit includes an equalization resistance realized on an open transmission line in the form of a microstrip open stub + lumped resistance; the equalization resistance is gold-plated on an alumina ceramic substrate and a TaN resistance film Realize, and realize the short-circuit state of two balance resistors through the gold wire welding process. It can be better applied to ultra-wideband TR components to solve the problems of large gain fluctuations in the frequency band of ultra-wideband TR components and high and low temperature gain fluctuations, especially for the debugging of amplitude consistency indicators of multiple TR components. .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，特别是涉及一种适用于超宽带TR组件的温补均衡电路。The invention relates to a temperature compensation and equalization circuit of a TR component, in particular to a temperature compensation and balance circuit suitable for an ultra-wideband TR component.
背景技术Background technique
近年来电子战装备广泛应用有源相控阵技术，装备性能获得很大的突破。TR组件是构成相控阵天线的基础，是有源相控阵的核心部件，由于是应用于电子战领域，超宽带，小型化是其必备的技术特征。In recent years, active phased array technology has been widely used in electronic warfare equipment, and great breakthroughs have been made in equipment performance. The TR component is the basis of the phased array antenna and the core component of the active phased array. Since it is used in the field of electronic warfare, ultra-wideband and miniaturization are its necessary technical features.
目前，电子战TR组件广泛采用了多功能芯片和高密度集成技术实现其超宽带和小型化技术特征，但是也存在应用频段内增益波动大，高低温增益变化大等技术难点，需要采用一定的增益补偿技术才能够满足应用需求。实现超宽带TR组件增益补偿技术主要有增益均衡和温度补偿技术。At present, multi-function chips and high-density integration technology are widely used in electronic warfare TR components to realize their ultra-wideband and miniaturization technical characteristics, but there are also technical difficulties such as large gain fluctuations in the application frequency band and large changes in high and low temperature gain, etc. Gain compensation technology can meet the application requirements. Gain equalization and temperature compensation technologies are mainly used to realize gain compensation of UWB TR components.
（1）增益均衡技术(1) Gain equalization technology
由于TR组件的频带较宽（3个倍频程），TR组件内部无源电路插损会随频率增大而增大，有源放大器增益在频带低端较高，频段高端较低，这样就造成TR组件的幅度相应波动较大，需要增益均衡电路。而传统的均衡器芯片存在增益均衡量固定无法动态调整，不利于多个TR组件幅度一致性的性能指标改善。Since the frequency band of the TR component is wide (3 octaves), the insertion loss of the passive circuit inside the TR component will increase as the frequency increases, and the gain of the active amplifier is higher at the low end of the frequency band and lower at the high end of the frequency band, so that As a result, the amplitude of the TR component fluctuates relatively large, and a gain equalization circuit is required. However, the traditional equalizer chip has a fixed gain equalization value that cannot be adjusted dynamically, which is not conducive to the improvement of the performance index of the amplitude consistency of multiple TR components.
（2）温度补偿技术(2) Temperature compensation technology
TR组件内部集成多种功能，如收发开关、幅度加权衰减、数控移相等电路，其插损较大，为获得一定幅度增益，需要级联多级放大器。而放大器的增益是负温度特性的（即随温度增加而增益降低），由于使用多级放大器，未使用温补技术的TR组件高低温增益波动达10dB左右。为减小TR组件的温度增益波动，一般采用温度补偿技术，传统的温度补偿芯片采用热敏电阻组成T型或PI型衰减器实现温度补偿功能，存在插损大、无法动态调整的缺点，同时由于趋肤效应稳步衰减器高频段温补效果差。The TR component integrates multiple functions inside, such as transceiver switch, amplitude weighted attenuation, and digitally controlled phase shift circuit. Its insertion loss is relatively large. In order to obtain a certain amplitude gain, it is necessary to cascade multi-stage amplifiers. The gain of the amplifier has a negative temperature characteristic (that is, the gain decreases as the temperature increases). Due to the use of multi-stage amplifiers, the high and low temperature gain fluctuations of TR components without temperature compensation technology can reach about 10dB. In order to reduce the temperature gain fluctuation of TR components, temperature compensation technology is generally used. The traditional temperature compensation chip uses a thermistor to form a T-type or PI-type attenuator to realize the temperature compensation function, which has the disadvantages of large insertion loss and cannot be adjusted dynamically. Due to the skin effect, the temperature compensation effect of the steady attenuator in the high frequency band is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是：The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is:
1、提供一种能够提高多个TR组件幅度一致性性能的TR组件增益均衡电路；1. Provide a TR component gain equalization circuit capable of improving the amplitude consistency performance of multiple TR components;
2、提供一种插损小，高低温增益补偿范围大，能够动态调整，稳步衰减器高频段温补效果好的TR组件温补衰减电路。2. Provide a TR component temperature compensation attenuation circuit with small insertion loss, large high and low temperature gain compensation range, dynamic adjustment, and good temperature compensation effect in the high frequency band of the steady attenuator.
本发明采用的技术方案如下：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，包括温补电路和均衡电路；所述温补电路采用PIN管芯和直流偏置电路实现温度补偿功能；所述直流偏置电路由固定电阻和热敏电阻串联组成；所述固定电阻和热敏电阻之间依次连接扼流电感和二极管后接地；所述扼流电感与所述二极管的正极相连；所述二极管的正极又分别通过一个耦合电容连接温补电路的输入和输出端。A temperature compensation equalization circuit of a TR component, comprising a temperature compensation circuit and an equalization circuit; the temperature compensation circuit adopts a PIN die and a DC bias circuit to realize the temperature compensation function; the DC bias circuit is composed of a fixed resistance and a thermistor connected in series; the fixed resistor and the thermistor are sequentially connected to a choke inductance and a diode, and then grounded; the choke inductance is connected to the anode of the diode; the anode of the diode is respectively connected to a temperature compensation through a coupling capacitor input and output terminals of the circuit.
所述均衡电路，包括采用微带开路短截线+集总电阻的方式在开路传输线上实现的均衡电阻；所述均衡电阻在氧化铝陶瓷基片镀金和TaN电阻薄膜实现，并通过金丝焊接工艺实现两个均衡电阻的短路状态。The equalization circuit includes an equalization resistance realized on an open transmission line by means of a microstrip open-circuit stub + lumped resistance; the equalization resistance is realized on an alumina ceramic substrate plated with gold and a TaN resistance film, and welded by a gold wire The process realizes the short circuit state of the two balancing resistors.
所述均衡电阻包括两个以上的串联均衡电阻。The balancing resistor includes more than two balancing resistors connected in series.
还包括两路隔离电路；每路隔离电路主要由90度电桥组成；一路隔离电路将射频输入信号分为两路，依次经过两路温补电路和两路均衡电路后，再由另一路隔离电路的90度电桥合成后输出；所述每路隔离电路还包括90度电桥隔离端的匹配电阻，用于吸收温补电路和均衡电路的反射信号；所述两路温补电路和两路均衡电路为一一对应关系。It also includes two isolation circuits; each isolation circuit is mainly composed of a 90-degree bridge; one isolation circuit divides the RF input signal into two circuits, and after passing through two temperature compensation circuits and two equalization circuits in turn, it is isolated by another circuit The 90-degree electric bridge of the circuit is synthesized and then output; said each isolation circuit also includes a matching resistor at the isolation end of the 90-degree electric bridge, which is used to absorb the reflected signals of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit; the two temperature compensation circuits and the two The equalization circuit has a one-to-one correspondence.
所述匹配电阻为50欧姆匹配电阻。The matching resistor is a 50 ohm matching resistor.
一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，包括温补电路和均衡电路；所述均衡电路，包括采用微带开路短截线+集总电阻的方式在开路传输线上实现的均衡电阻；所述均衡电阻在氧化铝陶瓷基片镀金和TaN电阻薄膜实现，并通过金丝焊接工艺实现两个均衡电阻的短路状态。A temperature-compensated equalization circuit of a TR component, comprising a temperature-compensated circuit and an equalized circuit; the equalized circuit, comprising an equalized resistance realized on an open-circuit transmission line by means of a microstrip open-circuit stub+lumped resistance; the equalized resistance The aluminum oxide ceramic substrate is plated with gold and the TaN resistance film is realized, and the short-circuit state of two balanced resistances is realized through the gold wire welding process.
所述均衡电阻包括两个以上的串联均衡电阻。The balancing resistor includes more than two balancing resistors connected in series.
还包括两路隔离电路；每路隔离电路主要由90度电桥组成；一路隔离电路将射频输入信号分为两路，依次经过两路温补电路和两路均衡电路后，再由另一路隔离电路的90度电桥合成后输出；所述每路隔离电路还包括90度电桥隔离端的匹配电阻，用于吸收温补电路和均衡电路的反射信号；所述两路温补电路和两路均衡电路为一一对应关系。It also includes two isolation circuits; each isolation circuit is mainly composed of a 90-degree bridge; one isolation circuit divides the RF input signal into two circuits, and after passing through two temperature compensation circuits and two equalization circuits in turn, it is isolated by another circuit The 90-degree electric bridge of the circuit is synthesized and then output; said each isolation circuit also includes a matching resistor at the isolation end of the 90-degree electric bridge, which is used to absorb the reflected signals of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit; the two temperature compensation circuits and the two The equalization circuit has a one-to-one correspondence.
所述匹配电阻为50欧姆匹配电阻。The matching resistor is a 50 ohm matching resistor.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：能够较好的应用于超宽带TR组件中，解决超宽带TR组件频带内增益波动大、高低温增益波动大的问题，尤其是用于多个TR组件幅度一致性指标调试中具有较大的优点；在6-18GHz宽带TR组件测试中表现出良好的性能，增益均衡量和温度补偿范围均可调，输入输出驻波性能优异。对于提升超宽带TR组件的可生产性、可调试性具有积极意义。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can be better applied to ultra-wideband TR components and solve the problems of large gain fluctuations in the frequency band of ultra-wideband TR components and high and low temperature gain fluctuations, especially for multiple It has great advantages in debugging the amplitude consistency index of a TR component; it shows good performance in the 6-18GHz broadband TR component test, the gain equalization amount and temperature compensation range can be adjusted, and the input and output standing wave performance is excellent. It has positive significance for improving the manufacturability and debuggability of ultra-wideband TR components.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明其中一实施例的温补电路原理结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature compensation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明其中一实施例中的均衡电路原理结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of an equalization circuit in one embodiment of the present invention.
图3为图2所示实施例的均衡电路等效电路结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an equivalent circuit of the equalization circuit of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
图4为本发明其中一实施例的TR组件温补均衡电路原理结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature compensation and equalization circuit of a TR component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图5为本发明其中一实施例的隔离电路原理结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of an isolation circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
本说明书（包括摘要和附图）中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或者具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings), unless specifically stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or similar purpose alternative features. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is one example only of a series of equivalent or similar features.
具体实施例1Specific embodiment 1
一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，包括温补电路和均衡电路；所述温补电路采用PIN管芯和直流偏置电路实现温度补偿功能；所述直流偏置电路由固定电阻和热敏电阻串联组成；所述固定电阻和热敏电阻之间依次连接扼流电感和二极管后接地；所述扼流电感与所述二极管的正极相连；所述二极管的正极又分别通过一个耦合电容连接温补电路的输入和输出端。A temperature compensation equalization circuit of a TR component, comprising a temperature compensation circuit and an equalization circuit; the temperature compensation circuit adopts a PIN die and a DC bias circuit to realize the temperature compensation function; the DC bias circuit is composed of a fixed resistance and a thermistor connected in series; the fixed resistor and the thermistor are sequentially connected to a choke inductance and a diode, and then grounded; the choke inductance is connected to the anode of the diode; the anode of the diode is respectively connected to a temperature compensation through a coupling capacitor input and output terminals of the circuit.
本发明中的温补电路如图1所示，采用PIN管芯+外围直流偏置电路实现温度补偿功能，当高温时热敏电阻的阻值几乎为0欧母，使得PIN管芯几乎处于0偏置状态，即射频对地开路状态，此时温补电路网络的插损最小。低温时热敏电阻阻值增大，使得PIN管芯直流偏置接近导通状态，即射频对地低阻抗状态，低温时温补电路网络插损最大，因此温补电路具备高低温温度补偿功能，高低温增益补偿范围大且可动态调整等优点。而传统的温度补偿芯片采用热敏电阻组成T型或PI型衰减器实现温度补偿功能，存在插损大、无法动态调整的缺点，同时由于趋肤效应温补衰减器高频段温补效果差。另外温度补偿电路中扼流电感主要是射频隔离的作用，耦合电容主要是隔离直流电压，导通射频信号的作用，即隔直流通交流作用。The temperature compensation circuit in the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, adopts PIN tube core + peripheral DC bias circuit to realize temperature compensation function, when the resistance value of the thermistor is almost 0 ohm when high temperature, makes PIN tube core be in almost 0 In the bias state, that is, the radio frequency is open to the ground, and the insertion loss of the temperature compensation circuit network is the smallest at this time. The resistance of the thermistor increases at low temperature, making the DC bias of the PIN die close to the on-state, that is, the low impedance state of the radio frequency to the ground. At low temperature, the insertion loss of the temperature compensation circuit network is the largest, so the temperature compensation circuit has the function of high and low temperature temperature compensation , High and low temperature gain compensation range is large and can be adjusted dynamically. The traditional temperature compensation chip uses a thermistor to form a T-type or PI-type attenuator to realize the temperature compensation function, which has the disadvantages of large insertion loss and cannot be adjusted dynamically. At the same time, due to the skin effect, the temperature compensation attenuator has a poor temperature compensation effect in the high frequency band. In addition, the choke inductance in the temperature compensation circuit is mainly used for radio frequency isolation, and the coupling capacitor is mainly used for isolating DC voltage and conducting radio frequency signals, that is, the function of blocking DC and communicating with AC.
具体实施例2Specific embodiment 2
在具体实施例1的基础上，所述均衡电路，如图2所示，包括采用微带开路短截线+集总电阻的方式在开路传输线上实现的均衡电阻；所述均衡电阻在氧化铝陶瓷基片镀金和TaN电阻薄膜实现，并通过金丝焊接工艺实现两个均衡电阻的短路状态。On the basis of specific embodiment 1, the equalization circuit, as shown in Figure 2, includes the equalization resistance realized on the open transmission line in the mode of microstrip open circuit stub+lumped resistance; The ceramic substrate is gold-plated and the TaN resistance film is realized, and the short-circuit state of two balanced resistances is realized through the gold wire welding process.
均衡电路的等效电路如图3所示，均衡电路的工作原理是开路短截线输入阻抗为Zin=-j*Z0*cot（2πL/λ），其中Z0为传输线的特性阻抗，L为开路传输线长度L，λ为微波信号的波长。当开路传输线长度不变时，假设频率f0对应的波长为λ0，且有2πL/λ0=π/2，此时Zin=0，相当于电阻R1接地，此时图3所示的等效电路拓扑网络插损最大。随频率的升高，开路短截线的输入阻抗表现为容性阻抗，且随频率的增加电容值逐渐减小，假定当频率为f1时对应的波长为λ1，且有2πL/λ1=3π/4，此时Zin=∞（无穷大），相当于电阻R1开路，此时图3所示的等效电路拓扑网络的插损最小，因此通过微带开路短截线可以实现微波幅度均衡器功能。另外通过金丝焊接工艺实现均衡电阻R1或R2的短路状态可以实现幅度均衡量的动态调整。均衡电阻的具体尺寸根据特征阻抗传输线的特性进行具体设置。The equivalent circuit of the equalization circuit is shown in Figure 3. The working principle of the equalization circuit is that the input impedance of the open circuit stub is Zin=-j*Z0*cot (2πL/λ), where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, and L is the open circuit The transmission line length L, λ is the wavelength of the microwave signal. When the length of the open-circuit transmission line remains unchanged, assuming that the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f0 is λ0, and there is 2πL/λ0=π/2, at this time Zin=0, which is equivalent to the grounding of the resistor R1. At this time, the equivalent circuit topology shown in Figure 3 The network insertion loss is the largest. As the frequency increases, the input impedance of the open-circuit stub behaves as capacitive impedance, and the capacitance value gradually decreases as the frequency increases. Assume that when the frequency is f1, the corresponding wavelength is λ1, and there is 2πL/λ1=3π/ 4. At this time, Zin=∞ (infinity), which is equivalent to an open circuit of resistor R1. At this time, the insertion loss of the equivalent circuit topology network shown in Figure 3 is the smallest, so the microwave amplitude equalizer function can be realized through the microstrip open circuit stub. In addition, realizing the short-circuit state of the equalizing resistor R1 or R2 through the gold wire welding process can realize the dynamic adjustment of the amplitude equalizing amount. The specific size of the equalizing resistor is specifically set according to the characteristics of the characteristic impedance transmission line.
具体实施例3Specific embodiment 3
在具体实施例2的基础上，所述均衡电阻包括两个以上的串联均衡电阻，在本具体实施例中，包括两个串联均衡电阻R1和R2。采用两个以上串联的均衡电阻，有效提高均衡精度，但应该根据分布电容的影响合理设计均衡电阻的个数。On the basis of the specific embodiment 2, the balancing resistor includes more than two series balancing resistors, and in this specific embodiment, includes two series balancing resistors R1 and R2. Using more than two balancing resistors in series can effectively improve the balancing accuracy, but the number of balancing resistors should be reasonably designed according to the influence of distributed capacitance.
具体实施例4Specific embodiment 4
在具体实施例1到3之一的基础上，如图4和5所示，还包括两路隔离电路；每路隔离电路主要由90度电桥组成；一路隔离电路将射频输入信号分为两路，依次经过两路温补电路和两路均衡电路后，再由另一路隔离电路的90度电桥合成后输出；所述每路隔离电路还包括90度电桥隔离端的匹配电阻，用于吸收温补电路和均衡电路的反射信号，从而实现温补电路和均衡电路与外围电路的隔离，保证其具有良好的输入输出驻波比；所述两路温补电路和两路均衡电路为一一对应关系。On the basis of one of the specific embodiments 1 to 3, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, two isolation circuits are also included; each isolation circuit is mainly composed of a 90-degree bridge; one isolation circuit divides the radio frequency input signal into two After passing through the two-way temperature compensation circuit and the two-way equalization circuit in turn, it is synthesized by the 90-degree bridge of another isolation circuit and then output; each isolation circuit also includes a matching resistor at the isolation end of the 90-degree bridge for Absorb the reflected signal of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit, so as to realize the isolation of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit from the peripheral circuit, and ensure that it has a good input and output VSWR; the two-way temperature compensation circuit and the two-way equalization circuit are one One-to-one correspondence.
具体实施例5Specific embodiment 5
在具体实施例4的基础上，所述匹配电阻为50欧姆匹配电阻。On the basis of the specific embodiment 4, the matching resistor is a 50 ohm matching resistor.
具体实施例6Specific embodiment 6
一种TR组件的温补均衡电路，包括温补电路和均衡电路；所述均衡电路，包括采用微带开路短截线+集总电阻的方式在开路传输线上实现的均衡电阻；所述均衡电阻在氧化铝陶瓷基片镀金和TaN电阻薄膜实现，并通过金丝焊接工艺实现两个均衡电阻的短路状态。A temperature-compensated equalization circuit of a TR component, comprising a temperature-compensated circuit and an equalized circuit; the equalized circuit, comprising an equalized resistance realized on an open-circuit transmission line by means of a microstrip open-circuit stub+lumped resistance; the equalized resistance The aluminum oxide ceramic substrate is plated with gold and the TaN resistance film is realized, and the short-circuit state of two balanced resistances is realized through the gold wire welding process.
具体实施例7Specific embodiment 7
在具体实施例6的基础上，所述均衡电阻包括两个以上的串联均衡电阻，在本具体实施例中，包括两个串联均衡电阻R1和R2。On the basis of the specific embodiment 6, the balancing resistor includes more than two series balancing resistors, and in this specific embodiment, includes two series balancing resistors R1 and R2.
具体实施例8Specific embodiment 8
在具体实施例6或7的基础上，还包括两路隔离电路；每路隔离电路主要由90度电桥组成；一路隔离电路将射频输入信号分为两路，依次经过两路温补电路和两路均衡电路后，再由另一路隔离电路的90度电桥合成后输出；所述每路隔离电路还包括90度电桥隔离端的匹配电阻，用于吸收温补电路和均衡电路的反射信号，从而实现温补电路和均衡电路与外围电路的隔离，保证其具有良好的输入输出驻波比；所述两路温补电路和两路均衡电路为一一对应关系。On the basis of the specific embodiment 6 or 7, it also includes two isolation circuits; each isolation circuit is mainly composed of a 90-degree bridge; one isolation circuit divides the radio frequency input signal into two routes, and passes through the two temperature compensation circuits and the After the two equalization circuits, they are synthesized by the 90-degree bridge of another isolation circuit and then output; each isolation circuit also includes a matching resistor at the isolation end of the 90-degree bridge, which is used to absorb the reflected signal of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit , so as to realize the isolation of the temperature compensation circuit and the equalization circuit from the peripheral circuit, and ensure that it has a good input and output standing wave ratio; the two temperature compensation circuits and the two equalization circuits have a one-to-one correspondence.
具体实施例9Specific embodiment 9
在具体实施例8的基础上，所述匹配电阻为50欧姆匹配电阻。On the basis of the specific embodiment 8, the matching resistor is a 50 ohm matching resistor.
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