CN107393403A - A kind of multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device systematic - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system. Including underground space simulation structure, temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, axial flow fan and simulated fire source, the simulation structure is composed of a main space structure composed of multiple main space structure sections and a branch space structure, and the main space structure sections can be separated and sealed Connection, the branch space structure is connected to one side of the main space structure section, and a protective door that can be opened and closed is provided at the connection between each branch space structure and the main space structure section. The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system of the present invention can expand the applicable scope of the underground space structure fire simulation device, reduce the waste of manufacturing cost of the indoor scale model test of the underground space structure fire, and the structure of the test device is changeable, and can simulate multiple structural forms In the fire scene of the underground space structure, the smoke spread and temperature rise are simulated after a fire occurs in the underground space structure, and the parameters such as smoke temperature, wind speed, and wind pressure are tested and evaluated.

Description

A multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground space structure engineering construction, in particular to the technical field of underground space structure safety engineering construction, and particularly relates to the design of a multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system.

Background technique

With the rapid development of my country's economic construction, the scale of underground space structure is gradually expanding. The underground space structure mainly includes traffic tunnels, underground pedestrian passages, underground railways, underground stations, mine tunnels, etc. The underground space structure not only has the characteristics of not encroaching on ground resources, alleviating urban land shortage and traffic congestion, shortening driving mileage, etc., but also an indispensable and important structural type in resource development.

With the increase of applications and the development of technology, scholars and design engineers at home and abroad have gradually realized the importance of disaster prevention, evacuation and rescue projects for underground space structures, especially the importance of fire disasters for underground space structures. At present, the main methods for studying the fire of underground space structures include field prototype test, indoor scale model test and numerical simulation. Among them, the on-site prototype test will consume huge costs due to factors such as burning materials, equipment and instruments; although the cost of numerical simulation is low, its simulation is based on theory, and the process and results are too ideal; indoor scaled-scale model tests have a lower cost than on-site prototype tests. Therefore, the indoor scale model test is generally the first choice for the fire research method of underground space structures. However, since the test model is used to simulate a fire, the required manufacturing materials and sensors must have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, and the manufacturing process of the model of the underground space structure is relatively complicated, and it still requires a certain amount of material and manufacturing costs. production cost. The general fire test models are mostly designed for a certain type or a certain project, and the application range is small. The fire test models that often cost a certain amount of money are often discarded after only one type of test is carried out, resulting in a waste of research costs. .

Therefore, a multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system is designed to meet the needs of further research and exploration.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system. The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system for the fire combustion simulation research of underground space structures.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

The fire combustion simulation test system for multi-purpose underground space structure, including underground space simulation structure, temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, axial flow fan and simulated fire source, is characterized in that:

The underground space simulation structure is composed of a main space structure and a branch space structure; the main space structure is composed of a plurality of main space structure sections, and the main space structure sections can be separated and sealed, and each main space structure section includes a top wall , side wall and bottom channel structure; there are any number of additional branch space structures in multiple main space structure sections, and the branch space structures are connected to one side of the main space structure section. The branch space structures include top walls, side walls and The channel structure at the bottom, each branch space structure is equipped with a protective door that can be opened and closed at the junction of the main space structure section;

The simulated fire source is an oil pool plate, which is placed in the channel structure of the main space structure or the branch space structure;

The temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor are arranged in the channel structure to simulate the position of the fire source and extend to both ends of the main space structure or branch space structure, including the multi-section extension arrangement and the top wall extension arrangement in the channel structure;

The axial flow fan is arranged at one end of the channel structure of the main space structure or/and at the outer end of the channel structure of the branch space structure.

Further, each main space structure section is provided with an independent steering pulley, which can slide, turn and stop at will; the main space structure sections are connected by bolts to form the main space structure.

Further, each main space structure section is composed of a top wall made of steel plate material, a side wall and a bottom, and a detachable and assembled side wall made of fireproof glass or plexiglass material.

Further, the axial direction of the channel structure of the branch space structure has an included angle of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal plane of the main space structure. That is, the branch space structure and the main space structure can be connected horizontally or at an oblique angle.

The branch space structure is a visible and transparent channel structure made of plexiglass.

Further, the temperature sensors are arranged on the top wall as the distance away from the simulated fire source increases, and the distance between the temperature sensors increases, and the temperature sensors are arranged along the vertical centerline in the same section.

Further, the wind speed sensor is arranged at the center of the vertical centerline of each section, and is arranged at least on both sides of the connection between the branch space structure and the main space structure.

The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system of the present invention can carry out the simulation of smoke spread and temperature rise after the underground space structure fires in the laboratory, and can realize the parameters such as smoke temperature, wind speed, and wind pressure test.

The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system of the present invention, the model structure is composed of two parts: the main space structure and the branch space structure, in addition, there are ventilation system, fire source system, temperature measurement system and wind pressure measurement system .

The main space structure of the present invention can be made up of a plurality of main space structure sections, such as adopting 10 groups of main space structure sections, each main space structure section is 2.5m long, 0.9m wide, and 0.65m high; The whole main space structure is formed by bolt connection, and the main space structure sections can be separated by removing the bolts, and there is a steering pulley with brake function under each main space structure section, which can slide, turn and stop at will. According to needs, some connecting bolts of the whole main space structure are removed and deformed into two or more sections, and then the sections are slid and turned together to form different forms of underground space structures.

There is a protective door at the connection between the main space structure and the branch space structure. The protective door can be opened with different widths of 0-0.5m. The protective door can independently simulate the fire scene of the main space structure.

The main material of the main space structure is steel plate, fireproof glass and plexiglass. The top wall, bottom plate and side wall of the main space structure are made of steel plate, and the other side wall is made of fireproof glass and/or plexiglass, and the fireproof glass And plexiglass is installed for activities, easy to disassemble. The main material of the branch space structure is plexiglass. The use of fire-resistant glass and plexiglass is mainly to help observe the flow of smoke inside the structure during a fire.

The ventilation system is to arrange axial flow fans at the end of the main space structure or the end of the branch space structure. The axial flow fans provide different wind speed boundary conditions, thereby simulating fire scenarios under the wind speed coupling conditions in different underground space structures. The wind speed passes through Adjust the fan speed to change, and the fan speed is controlled by the frequency converter.

The fire source system uses oil pool fire to simulate the fire source. There is a relationship between the size and area of the oil pool plate that simulates the fire source and the release rate of the fire source. The release rate of the fire source is determined by the combustion test. The mass loss rate is then multiplied by the mass loss rate and the burning rate of the burning substance to obtain the heat release rate, thereby determining the size and area of the oil pool disk of the fire source. The amount of fire source heat combustibles should ensure that the burning time can last for about 20 minutes. The burning rate of the burning substance can be obtained by looking up the performance data of the material.

The temperature measurement system adopts armor thermal couples with a range of 0-1000°C and thermocouple trees arranged in the main space structure and branch space structure. The layout principle is that the density near the fire source is relatively high, and the layout spacing gradually increases as the distance from the fire source increases; the layout location is mainly at the top of the space structure and at typical sections. Through the data acquisition system, the temperature change values at the top of the structure and at different heights of the cross section during the fire burning process are collected into the computer for post-processing and analysis.

The wind pressure measurement system adopts a differential pressure transmitter with a range of 0-10m/s and is arranged in the main space structure and branch space structure. The layout position is mainly at the typical section of the space structure. Through the data acquisition system, the wind pressure change value along the distance from the fire source during the fire burning process is collected into the computer for later processing and analysis.

The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test device system of the present invention expands the applicable scope of the underground space structure fire simulation device and reduces the manufacturing cost waste of the underground space structure fire indoor scale model test. Compared with the general fire simulation test device for underground space structure, the present invention has the main advantages as follows:

(1) The structure of the test device is changeable, and it is suitable for the fire test simulation of structures such as single traffic tunnels, underground passages, mine roadways, traffic tunnel groups, and branched traffic tunnels (groups), which greatly saves underground space. The cost of making the ruler test model.

(2) The test device is equipped with a sub-space structure with a slope, which can simulate the fire situation under the fire ventilation system where the main space structure and the sub-space structure are coupled with each other.

(3) The test device can simulate the fire smoke spread and temperature influence test between two or more separate structures, and obtain the law of smoke interaction in the fire mode of underground space structures.

(4) The fireproof glass and plexiglass of the main space structure can be disassembled and installed at will, which is convenient for maintenance of the internal sensors and other accessories of the main space structure.

(5) The system can be combined arbitrarily to form different structural forms, which is more in line with the actual state of the simulation. In particular, it can be combined to form different ratios of length to cross-section parameters of underground space structures, or different ratios of length to cross-section height and width parameters, which is more accurate. Realistic, more in line with the actual state of the simulation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure model of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical layout of the main space structure temperature sensor of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the temperature sensor of the main space structure of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal layout of the wind pressure sensor of the main space structure of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the vertical arrangement of temperature sensors in the branch space structure of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional layout of a temperature sensor of a branch space structure structure of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal layout of the branch space structure pressure velocity sensor of the present invention;

In the figure, 1 is the top wall, 2 is the fireproof glass side wall, 3 is the plexiglass side wall, 4 is the main space structure, 5 is the main space structure section, 6 is the bolt, 7 is the steering pulley, 8 is the branch space structure, 9 is the protective door, 10 is the axial flow fan, 11 is the connecting air duct, 12 is the frequency converter, 13 is the oil pool plate, 14 is the variable smoke material, 15 is the temperature sensor, 16 is the typical section of temperature measurement, 17 is the temperature In the sensor tree, 18 is a typical section for wind speed measurement, and 19 is a wind speed sensor.

detailed description

The present invention is specifically described below through the examples, the examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention, some non-essential claims made by those skilled in the art based on the above-mentioned content of the present invention Improvements and adjustments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system, including underground space simulation structure, temperature and wind speed sensors, axial fans and simulated fire source. The underground space simulation structure is composed of main space structure 4 and branch space structure 8; main space structure 4 It consists of a plurality of main space structure sections 5, which can be separated and hermetically connected. Each main space structure section 5 is a channel structure including a top wall 1, a side wall and a bottom; multiple main space structure sections There are any number of additional branch space structures 8 set in 5, branch space structures 8 are connected to one side of the main space structure section 5, and branch space structures 8 are channel structures including top walls, side walls and bottoms, and each branch space structure 5. A protective door 9 that can be opened and closed is provided at the connection with the main space structure section;

The simulated fire source is the oil pool plate 13, which is placed in the channel structure of the main space structure 4 or the branch space structure 8;

The temperature sensor 15 and the wind speed sensor 19 are arranged in the channel structure to simulate the position of the fire source and extend to both ends of the main space structure 4 or the branch space structure 8, including the multi-section extension arrangement and the top wall extension arrangement in the channel structure; the temperature sensor 15 A thermocouple is adopted, and the wind speed sensor 19 adopts a differential pressure transmitter.

The axial flow fan 10 is arranged at one end of the 4-channel structure of the main space structure, or/and the outer end of the 8-channel structure of the branch space structure.

In the present invention, each main space structure section 5 is provided with an independent steering pulley 7, which can slide, turn and stop at will; the main space structure sections 5 are connected by bolts 6 to form the main space structure 4 .

Each main space structure section 5 is made of a top wall 1 made of steel plate material, a side wall and a bottom, and a detachably assembled other side wall made of fireproof glass or plexiglass material.

The axial direction of the branch space structure 8 channel structure has an included angle of 0-45 degrees with the main space structure 4 horizontal plane.

The branch space structure is a visually transparent channel structure made of plexiglass.

The temperature sensor 15 is extended and arranged on the top wall 1. As the distance away from the simulated fire source increases, the distance between the temperature sensors 15 increases. The temperature sensor 15 is arranged on the same section along the temperature sensor tree 17 of the vertical centerline. The arrangement section of the temperature sensor 15 is typical for temperature measurement. Section 16.

The wind speed sensor 19 is arranged at the center of the vertical center line of each section, and is arranged at least on both sides of the connection between the branch space structure 8 and the main space structure 5. The arrangement section of the wind speed sensor 19 is a typical section 18 for wind speed measurement.

The main space structure 4 in this example is composed of 10 groups of main space structure sections 5, each main space structure section is 2.5m long, 0.9m wide, and 0.65m high.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the entire spatial structure model. The top wall 1, the bottom plate, and one side wall of the model are made of steel plates with a high temperature resistance of 1000 °C, and the other side wall is made of fire-resistant glass with a high temperature resistance of 1200 °C to facilitate the observation of the fire process. The plexiglass side wall 3 is made of wall 2 and the plexiglass of high temperature resistance 150 ℃. The main space structure 4 is 25m long and is composed of 10 main space structure sections 5. The main space structure sections 5 are connected by bolts 6 to form the entire main space structure 4. The main space structure 4 can be separated by removing the bolts. And each main space structure section 5 is provided with a steering pulley 7 with brake function, which can slide, turn and stop at will. The cross-sectional shape of the main space structure 4 is horseshoe-shaped, with a width of 0.9m and a height of 0.65m. The branch space structure 8 adopts the plexiglass plate to make. The cross-sectional shape of the branch space structure 8 is rectangular, with a width of 0.5m and a height of 0.35m, and the slope in this example is 12%. A protective door 9 is set at the intersection of the main space structure 4 and the branch space structure 8, and the opening range of the protective door 9 is 0-0.5m. In this example, a ventilation system is installed at the ends of the main space structure 4 and the branch space structure 8. In this example, an axial flow fan 10 with a power of 3kw is used. The axial flow fan 10 is connected to the main space structure 4 through a connecting air duct 11. The axial flow fan 10 is controlled by frequency converter 12. The fire source system is set in the main space structure 4. In this example, the fire source system is the oil pool pan 13, and the oil sump pan 13 has two sizes, 25cm×34cm and 14cm×15cm. Smoke-producing substances 14 mainly include tobacco cakes, moxa sticks and straw.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of the temperature sensors 15 in the main space structure 4. The top of the main space structure 4 is provided with 41 armored thermocouples with a range of 0-1000°C, and 10 typical temperature measurement sections 16 are provided with a total of 40 with a range of 0. -1000°C armored thermocouple. Among them, the distance between the tops near the fire source is 0.25m, and the distance gradually increases as the distance from the fire source increases, reaching a maximum of 3m; the distance between the typical section 16 for temperature measurement is 1-3m, and it is mainly arranged at the protective door 9 and the oil pool Near disc 13.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional arrangement of temperature sensors in the main space structure 4. Each section is arranged with a temperature sensor tree 17, including 5 armored thermocouples, wherein one armored thermocouple is arranged on the top, and the remaining 4 are arranged according to the distance of 0.1m. The spacing is set at different heights of the temperature sensor tree 17 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal layout of the wind speed sensor 19 in the main space structure 4. The main space structure 4 is provided with 5 typical sections 18 for wind speed measurement to test the wind pressure, and each typical section 18 for wind speed measurement is provided with a measuring range of 0-10m/s The differential pressure transmitter is used as the wind speed sensor 19, which is about 0.3cm away from the top of the structure. The typical section 18 for wind speed measurement is arranged near the protective door 9 and the oil pool pan 13 .

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of the temperature sensors 15 in the branch space structure 8. The branch space structure 8 is provided with two typical temperature measurement sections 16, and a total of 6 armored thermocouples with a range of 0-1000°C are provided. It is mainly arranged near the protective door 9, 0.25m away from the protective door, and the distance is 2.75m.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the temperature sensor 15 in the branch space structure 8, and each section is arranged with a temperature sensor tree 17, which includes 3 armor thermocouples, wherein one armor thermocouple is arranged on the top, and the remaining 2 are set at the top by 0.1 The spacing of m is set at different heights of the temperature sensor tree 17 .

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal arrangement of the wind speed sensors 19 in the branch space structure 8. The branch space structure 8 is provided with two typical wind speed measurement sections 18, and each wind speed measurement typical section 18 is provided with a differential pressure with a range of 0-10m/s Transmitter, about 0.3cm from the top of the structure. The typical section 18 for wind speed measurement is arranged near the protective door 9, 0.25m away from the protective door.

Claims (8)

1. A multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system, comprising an underground space simulation structure, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, an axial flow fan and a simulated fire source, is characterized in that: The underground space simulation structure is composed of a main space structure and a branch space structure; the main space structure is composed of a plurality of main space structure sections, and the main space structure sections can be separated and sealed, and each main space structure section includes a top wall , side wall and bottom channel structure; there are any number of additional branch space structures in multiple main space structure sections, and the branch space structures are connected to one side of the main space structure section. The branch space structures include top walls, side walls and The channel structure at the bottom, each branch space structure is equipped with a protective door that can be opened and closed at the junction of the main space structure section; The simulated fire source is an oil pool plate, which is placed in the channel structure of the main space structure or the branch space structure; The temperature sensor and the wind speed sensor are arranged in the channel structure to simulate the position of the fire source and extend to both ends of the main space structure or branch space structure, including the multi-section extension arrangement and the top wall extension arrangement in the channel structure; The axial flow fan is arranged at one end of the channel structure of the main space structure or/and at the outer end of the channel structure of the branch space structure. 2. The multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each main space structure section is provided with an independent steering pulley, which can slide, turn and stop at will; The space structure segments are connected by bolts to form the main space structure. 3. The multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: said each main space structure section is made of a top wall, a side wall and a bottom made of a steel plate material, and The other side wall is composed of a detachable assembly made of fireproof glass or plexiglass material. 4. The multi-purpose underground space structure fire and combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the axial direction of the channel structure of the branch space structure has an included angle of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal plane of the main space structure. 5. The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the branch space structure is a visible and transparent channel structure made of plexiglass. 6. The multipurpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature sensor is arranged on the top wall as the distance from the simulated fire source increases, and the distance between the temperature sensors increases. Sections are arranged along the vertical centerline. 7. The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wind speed sensor is arranged at the center of the vertical midline of each section, and at least two points at the connection between the branch space structure and the main space structure. The side sections are arranged separately. 8. The multi-purpose underground space structure fire combustion simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the main space structure is composed of 10 groups of main space structure segments, and each main space structure segment is long 2.5m, 0.9m wide and 0.65m high.