CN107389377B - A net for sampling microplastics in surface water bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a net for sampling micro-plastics in a surface water body and a matched sample bottle. The sample bottle can leak water but can retain micro plastic, and the micro plastic retained by the filter cartridge can automatically enter the sample bottle when being movably connected with the filter cartridge. Compared with the prior art, the net has a self-suspension function, the net port is vertical to the water surface, the water level height is automatically maintained, the floating height of the net port on the water surface does not need to be manually controlled, and the net can be used for accurately calculating the micro-plastic storage of a unit water body.

Description

A net for microplastic sampling in surface water bodies

technical field

The invention relates to the field of marine environmental protection, in particular to a net suitable for sampling microplastics in a surface water body and a sample bottle matched therewith.

Background technique

Most of the plastic waste is a stable long-chain polymer, which is not easy to degrade in the natural environment, but can be broken into tiny plastic particles under the action of light, tide, temperature difference or wind erosion, and become microplastic waste. Microplastics are plastic fibers, particles or films with a size of less than 5 mm. Microplastics in the water environment have the characteristics of huge quantity, fast growth rate, accumulation and release of toxic and harmful substances, and can harm human health along the food chain, which has attracted widespread attention. The research on microplastics in water bodies in my country is still in the initial exploratory stage, and only sporadic surveys and sampling have been carried out in some waters. At present, the large-scale continuous sampling of microplastics in the surface water body mostly borrows plankton nets, and the plankton nets are designed as submerged nets. The net mouth is round, the diameter is small, and the water intake is also small. The survey ship will be torn up if the speed is slightly higher Moreover, it is not easy to control the water layer when sampling microplastics in the surface water body, and the deviation of the water inflow from the mesh port is large, so it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the sampling. There is currently a lack of a special net suitable for large-scale continuous and accurate sampling of surface water microplastics.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and discloses a net for sampling microplastics in a surface water body and a sample bottle matched with it,

The net includes: a net, the net is surrounded by a filter cartridge that can filter water but can retain microplastics, the front end of the filter cartridge is a water inlet, most of the water inlet is immersed below the water surface, and a small part floats. above the water.

The matched sample bottle can filter water but can retain microplastics, and is movably connected with the filter cartridge, and the microplastics retained by the filter cartridge can enter the sample bottle along with the water flow.

Further, the net for sampling microplastics in surface water bodies includes:

A mesh frame, the frame includes a metal wire with a circular cross-section bent into a rectangular outer frame, a cross beam cut from a circular wire with a circular cross-section, and slides sleeved on the two vertical sides of the rectangular outer frame. The sliding sleeve is provided with a screw hole whose axial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sliding hole, and a jack screw is arranged in the screw hole, and the inner end of the jack screw is pressed against the vertical edge of the rectangular outer frame; the Both ends of the beam are respectively fixed on the two sliding sleeves and are parallel to the lateral sides of the rectangular outer frame;

A plurality of buoys, the buoys are arranged on the beams, and the beams between the buoys and between the buoys and the two vertical sides of the rectangular outer frame are also sleeved to prevent the buoys from moving left and right moving stopper;

a plurality of counterweights, a plurality of connecting pieces are evenly fixed on the lower lateral side of the rectangular outer frame, and the connecting pieces are connected to a plurality of the counterweight blocks by quick hooks;

Four cables, the four cables are of equal length, one end of which is fixed together, and the other ends are respectively tied at the four corners of the rectangular outer frame;

a tow rope, one end of which is fixed with the four cables fixed together at one end, and the other end is tied to the sampling vessel;

A filter cartridge support, the diameter of the filter cartridge support is less than a quarter of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rectangular outer frame, and the inner wall thereof is provided with internal threads;

Four double-layer canvas ribs, one end of the four double-layer canvas ribs is respectively fixed at the four corners of the rectangular outer frame and opposite to the four cables, and the other end is evenly attached to the filter cartridge support The outer wall is fixed on the outer wall of the filter cartridge support by rivets;

The mesh is made of four pieces, the shape is an isosceles trapezoid, and its height is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame and the outer end of the filter cartridge support, and the two waists are sandwiched between the four double-layer canvas ribs of the double-layer canvas. between and sewed with sewing thread.

Further, horizontal wings are formed by extending horizontally outward on the outer wall of the filter cartridge support, and vertical fins are formed by extending vertically outward.

Further, the length of the horizontal side of the rectangular outer frame is 100cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70cm.

Further, the mesh is 300 mesh sieve silk; the rectangular outer frame and the beam are aluminum alloy or stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1 cm; the cable and the tow rope are metal or cotton rope; the floating It is a solid compressed foam, PE plastic sphere; the counterweight is a lead weight.

Further, this sample bottle includes a bottle mouth, a bottle neck, a bottle shoulder, a bottle body, and a bottle bottom, and the bottle mouth is provided with an outer thread screwed with the inner thread provided on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; the bottle body is evenly opened. A plurality of windows are also provided on the bottom of the bottle, and the net coat is bonded in the sample bottle at a position corresponding to the window.

Further, the sample bottle is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, and the mesh number of the mesh is 300-mesh sieve.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

① The existing special collection devices for microplastics in surface water can only sample water in a small area, which is time-consuming and inefficient. The net device of the invention can conveniently and quickly carry out large-area station trawling to collect samples.

②At present, when collecting microplastics in surface water, plankton nets are often used. In order to keep about half of the net mouth surfaced, uninterrupted human intervention is required. In case of bad sea conditions, the quality of the samples cannot be guaranteed. The net of the invention has a self-suspending function, the net mouth is perpendicular to the water surface, the water level is automatically maintained, and the height of the net mouth floating on the water surface does not need to be controlled manually.

③The traditional sample collection bottle is fixed on the net and cannot be disassembled. After the sample is collected, it needs to be washed and transferred at sea, which is time-consuming and laborious, and the microplastic particles that may remain in the bottle are easy to make the next station. Error in sample collection. Affected by the fluctuation of the sea surface, the offshore operation is not stable, the sample bottle designed by the present invention can be quickly removed, and a new sample bottle can be replaced for sample collection at the next station. Effortless and comfortable.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the upper dashed frame in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view at the upper imaginary frame in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the lower dotted frame in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of some components of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the dotted frame in FIG. 5 .

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, if the terms "first", "second" and "third" are used, they are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise expressly specified and limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

See attached picture: a net for sampling microplastics in surface water, including:

A mesh frame 1, the frame 1 includes a metal wire with a circular cross-section bent into a rectangular outer frame 11, and a cross beam 12 cut from a circular metal wire, sleeved on the rectangular outer frame 11. Two The sliding sleeve 13 on the vertical side, the sliding sleeve 13 is provided with a screw hole whose axial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sliding hole, and a jack screw 14 is arranged in the screw hole, and the inner end of the jack screw 14 is pressed against the rectangular on the vertical side of the outer frame 11; the two ends of the beam 12 are respectively fixed on the two sliding sleeves 13 and are parallel to the horizontal side of the rectangular outer frame 11;

Four buoys 2, the buoys 2 are worn on the beams 12, and the beams 12 between the buoys 2 and between the buoys 2 and the two vertical sides of the rectangular outer frame 11 are also sleeved A stopper 21 is provided to prevent the float 2 from moving left and right;

Three counterweights 3, a plurality of connecting pieces 31 are evenly fixed on the lower lateral side of the rectangular outer frame 11, and the connecting pieces 31 are connected to the plurality of the counterweight blocks 3 through a quick hook 32;

Four cables 4, the four cables 4 are of equal length, one end of which is fixed together, and the other ends are respectively tied at the four corners of the rectangular outer frame 11;

A tow rope 5, one end of which is fixed with the four cables 4, and the other end is tied to the sampling vessel;

A filter cartridge support 6, the diameter of the filter cartridge support 6 is less than a quarter of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rectangular outer frame 11, and its inner wall is provided with internal threads;

Four double-layer canvas ribs 7, one end of the four double-layer canvas ribs 7 is respectively fixed at the four corners of the rectangular outer frame 11 and opposite to the four cables 4, and the other end is evenly attached to the The outer wall of the filter cartridge support 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the filter cartridge support 6 through rivets 71;

Four pieces of net clothes (not shown in the figure) are of isosceles trapezoid shape, the height of which is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame 11 and the outer end of the filter cartridge support 6, and the two waists are sandwiched between the four double-layered The double-layer canvas of the canvas rib 7 is sewn by sewing thread.

The length of the horizontal side of the rectangular outer frame 11 is 100 cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70 cm. The rectangular outer frame and beam are aluminum alloy or stainless steel wire with a diameter of 1cm; the cable and the tow rope are metal or cotton hemp rope; the float is a solid compressed foam, PE plastic sphere; the counterweight is lead fall.

The sample bottle 8 includes a bottle mouth 81, a bottle neck 82, a bottle shoulder 83, a bottle body 84, and a bottle bottom 85, and the bottle mouth 81 is provided with an outer thread screwed with the inner thread provided on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; A plurality of windows are evenly opened on the bottle body 84 , and a window is also opened on the bottle bottom 85 , and the mesh is bonded in the sample bottle 8 at a position corresponding to the window. The sample bottle 8 is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, whether it is the mesh on the net or the mesh on the sample bottle, the mesh number is 300 mesh sieve.

Under the combined action of the float and the counterweight, it can be ensured that the net frame 1 is always vertical. By loosening and tightening the top wire 14, the position of the sliding sleeves 13 on the two vertical sides can be adjusted, so as to adjust the position of the beam relative to the upper horizontal side, and finally the proportion of the part of the net frame 1 that floats on the water can be adjusted. , so as to adapt to different collection requirements; in this way, when the collection ship sails on the water body, the net clothing is set as a filter cartridge support and is dragged on the surface water body to row, and the water enters from the front end of the filter cartridge, and the water flows from the filter cartridge. The body wall and the mesh on the bottle body and bottom of the sample bottle 8 flow out, and the microplastics in the water are blocked and accumulated in the sample bottle 8. After the collection is completed, the sample bottle 8 can be unscrewed from the filter cartridge for subsequent follow-up. analytical work. The collection of microplastic samples in surface water can be carried out conveniently, quickly and accurately, and new sample bottles can be easily and quickly replaced after completing one-station sample collection.

Most of the water inlet is immersed below the water surface, and a small part floats above the water surface; the rear end of the filter cartridge support is enclosed into a microplastic enrichment area.

Embodiment 2 is the same as Embodiment 1 except that horizontal wings 9 are formed horizontally outwardly on the outer wall of the filter cartridge support 6 , and vertical fins 10 are formed vertically outwardly on the outer wall of the filter cartridge support 6 . The horizontal wings 9 and the vertical fins 10 can ensure that the rear end of the net will not turn over and entangle when the ship's heading direction changes and the water flow is disturbed.

Claims (6)

1. A netting gear for sampling micro-plastics in surface water, comprising: netting, netting gear frame and strain a section of thick bamboo and prop its characterized in that: the netting is surrounded into a filter cylinder which can filter water and can retain micro plastic, the front end of the filter cylinder is a water inlet, most of the water inlet is immersed below the water surface, and a small part of the water inlet floats above the water surface; the netting gear frame comprises a metal wire with a circular section, a rectangular outer frame, a cross beam cut by the metal wire with the circular section, sliding sleeves sleeved on two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame, screw holes with axial directions perpendicular to the axial directions of sliding holes of the sliding sleeves, jackscrews matched in the screw holes, and the inner ends of the jackscrews are abutted to the vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame; two ends of the cross beam are fixedly connected to the two sliding sleeves respectively and are parallel to the transverse edges of the rectangular outer frame, a plurality of floats are arranged on the cross beam above the rectangular outer frame, blocking sleeves for preventing the floats from moving left and right are sleeved on the cross beam between the floats and two vertical edges of the rectangular outer frame, and a balancing weight is arranged on the cross beam below the rectangular outer frame; the filter cartridge comprises a filter cartridge support, wherein a horizontal wing is formed by extending the outer wall of the filter cartridge support horizontally outwards, a vertical fin is formed by extending the outer wall of the filter cartridge support vertically outwards, a sample bottle is arranged at the rear end of the filter cartridge, the sample bottle can filter water and can trap micro plastic, the sample bottle is movably connected with the filter cartridge, and the micro plastic trapped by the filter cartridge can enter the sample bottle along with water flow.

2. The netting gear for sampling the micro plastic in the surface water body according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

the transverse edge below the rectangular outer frame is uniformly and fixedly provided with a plurality of connecting pieces, and the connecting pieces are connected with a plurality of balancing weights through fishing lines;

the four cables are equal in length, one ends of the four cables are fixedly connected together, and the other ends of the four cables are tied at four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively;

one end of the towing rope is fixedly connected with one end of the four mooring ropes, and the other end of the towing rope is tied to the sampling ship;

the diameter of the filter cylinder support is less than one fourth of the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the rectangular outer frame, and internal threads are arranged on the inner wall of the filter cylinder support;

one ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are fixedly connected to four corners of the rectangular outer frame respectively and are opposite to the four mooring ropes, and the other ends of the four double-layer canvas ribs are uniformly attached to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support and are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter cylinder support through rivets;

the netting is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, the length of the netting is equal to the distance between the inner end of the rectangular outer frame and the outer end of the filter cylinder support, and two waists of the netting are clamped between the four double-layer canvas of the double-layer canvas ribs and sewn through sewing threads.

3. The netting gear for sampling the micro plastic in the surface water body according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the transverse side of the rectangular outer frame is 100cm, and the height of the vertical side is 70 cm.

4. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the netting is a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes; the rectangular outer frame and the beam are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1 cm; the mooring rope and the towing rope are metal or cotton-flax ropes; the buoy is a solid compressed foam or PE plastic sphere; the balancing weight is a lead weight.

5. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the sample bottle comprises a bottle mouth, a bottle neck, a bottle shoulder, a bottle body and a bottle bottom, wherein the bottle mouth is provided with an external thread which is in threaded connection with an internal thread arranged on the inner wall of the filter cartridge support; the bottle body is uniformly provided with a plurality of windows, the bottle bottom is also provided with a window, and the netting is bonded in the sample bottle at the position corresponding to the window.

6. The netting gear for sampling micro plastic in surface water body according to claim 2, wherein: the sample bottle is a metal bottle or a plastic bottle, and the netting is a bolting silk with the mesh number of 300 meshes.

Images