CN107346944A - A kind of efficiently two-way mixing three-phase voltage type rectifier - Google Patents
A kind of efficiently two-way mixing three-phase voltage type rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2173—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/1566—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，包括依次连接的三相不控整流器、超级电容组E1、双向三相三重DC/DC变流器，三相不控整流器输入端通过空开K1连接电网，双向三相三重DC/DC变流器输出端连接负载或者逆变器；负载或者逆变器输入端还连接B整流器，B整流器输入端连接电网；双向三相三重DC/DC变流器连接第一控制系统并受其控制，B整流器连接第二控制系统并受其控制。本发明运用电力电子技术、全数字化智能化技术，混合三相电压型整流器实现整流器的高效、高功率密度、高可靠性以及高的电能质量，具有的能量存储功能，避免了能源的浪费，实现节能环保，提高了整个产品的控制和使用安全性能。
The invention discloses a high-efficiency bidirectional mixed three-phase voltage rectifier, which comprises a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier connected in sequence, a supercapacitor group E1, a bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, and the input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier passes through the air Open K1 to connect to the power grid, the output end of the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter is connected to the load or inverter; the input end of the load or inverter is also connected to the B rectifier, and the input end of the B rectifier is connected to the power grid; the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC The converter is connected to and controlled by the first control system, and the B rectifier is connected to and controlled by the second control system. The invention uses power electronic technology, full digital intelligent technology, mixed three-phase voltage type rectifier to realize high efficiency, high power density, high reliability and high power quality of the rectifier, and has excellent energy storage function, avoiding the waste of energy, realizing Energy saving and environmental protection, improve the control and use safety performance of the whole product.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力技术领域，尤其涉及一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器。The invention relates to the field of electric power technology, in particular to a high-efficiency bidirectional mixed three-phase voltage rectifier.
背景技术Background technique
随着变流器等电力电子装置广泛应用于工业生产、交通运输、航空航天、城市轨道等各个方面，这些电力电子装置，前端基本全是采用不控整流器，具有比较好的功率密度、效率，可靠性高，但存在输出中间直流电压不可控、输入电流畸变、谐波含量高、功率因数低、能量不能双向流动等缺点。而可控整流器例如PWM整流器，功率密度低，不适用于大容量负载的应用。同时电力电子器件定额有限，即其耐压和电流是有限的，为了增大电力电子装置的容量，一种方法是采用功率器件串联或者并联的形式满足高电压或大电流的要求，这就需均压或者均流控制措施；还有一种方法是采用同结构同工作模式的装置串或并联为同一负载供电，由于每个器件或装置必须均分所带的负载且电压或电流也必须均分一旦不均分就会造成器件或装置损坏。加之很多应用场合，处于节能环保或者从实际应用考虑，采用了不同的整流器共同给同一负载供电。随着全球能源的紧缺，国家加强了对节能环保的要求，同时为了满足工业上对整流器的综合性能的要求，要求整流器高效、高功率密度、高功率因数、低谐波、低成本、可靠运行，这就需要混合整流器，充分利用不同结构不同频率下整流器的综合性能优点，给同一负载供电。混合整流器具有各种综合性能优点，但也带来一些技术问题，输入电流的畸变问题、功率分配问题、控制策略问题、以及混合整流器的效率、功率密度、单位功率因数、谐波电流含量、输入电流正弦化、开关频率等各个指标的综合优化问题。As power electronic devices such as converters are widely used in various aspects such as industrial production, transportation, aerospace, urban rail, etc., the front ends of these power electronic devices basically use uncontrolled rectifiers, which have relatively good power density and efficiency. High reliability, but there are disadvantages such as uncontrollable output intermediate DC voltage, input current distortion, high harmonic content, low power factor, and energy cannot flow in both directions. However, controllable rectifiers such as PWM rectifiers have low power density and are not suitable for applications with large capacity loads. At the same time, the rating of power electronic devices is limited, that is, their withstand voltage and current are limited. In order to increase the capacity of power electronic devices, one method is to use power devices in series or in parallel to meet the requirements of high voltage or high current, which requires Voltage or current sharing control measures; another method is to use devices with the same structure and working mode in series or in parallel to supply power to the same load, because each device or device must share the load and the voltage or current must be shared equally Once it is unevenly divided, it will cause damage to the device or device. In addition, in many applications, different rectifiers are used to supply power to the same load for energy saving and environmental protection or for practical application considerations. With the global energy shortage, the country has strengthened the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection. At the same time, in order to meet the comprehensive performance requirements of the rectifier in the industry, the rectifier is required to be efficient, high power density, high power factor, low harmonics, low cost, and reliable operation. , which requires a hybrid rectifier to fully utilize the comprehensive performance advantages of rectifiers with different structures and different frequencies to supply power to the same load. The hybrid rectifier has various comprehensive performance advantages, but it also brings some technical problems, such as input current distortion, power distribution, control strategy, and hybrid rectifier efficiency, power density, unit power factor, harmonic current content, input Comprehensive optimization of various indicators such as current sinusoidalization and switching frequency.
为了获得整流器的综合性能要求，国外学者提出了混合整流器的概念，根据拓扑电路结构不同，主要分为三种类型。目前国内外主要研究由工作在不同拓扑结构和工作频率下的整流器A、B并联组成，共为同一负载供电，如图1所示。整流器A、B的输入电流合成为与电网电压同步的正弦电流，其中整流器A一般由三相不控整流器和DC-DC变换器组成，负担大部分负载功率；整流器B为工作于高频的三相电压型PWM整流器，负担小部分功率。负载功率由两个整流器负担，这样的混合三相电压型整流器在所期望的控制策略下，具有不控整流器所具有的可靠、高效、高功率密度的特点，同时具有PWM整流器所具有的高功率因数，低谐波，输入电流正弦化，输出直流电压可控，能量双向流动的特点，因此，可以获得两种整流器的综合性能指标优点，满足不同的应用需求。In order to obtain the comprehensive performance requirements of rectifiers, foreign scholars have proposed the concept of hybrid rectifiers, which are mainly divided into three types according to different topological circuit structures. At present, the main research at home and abroad is composed of parallel connection of rectifiers A and B working under different topological structures and operating frequencies, and jointly supply power to the same load, as shown in Figure 1. The input currents of rectifiers A and B are synthesized into a sinusoidal current synchronous with the grid voltage. Rectifier A is generally composed of a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier and a DC-DC converter, which bears most of the load power; rectifier B is a three-phase The phase voltage type PWM rectifier bears a small part of power. The load power is borne by two rectifiers. Under the desired control strategy, such a hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier has the characteristics of reliability, high efficiency, and high power density of an uncontrolled rectifier, and at the same time has the high power of a PWM rectifier. factor, low harmonics, sinusoidal input current, controllable output DC voltage, and bidirectional flow of energy. Therefore, the advantages of comprehensive performance indicators of the two rectifiers can be obtained to meet different application requirements.
图1所示的混合整流器，是目前国外研究的主要拓扑电路结构，国内尚未开始系统的研究。对于整流器A，如图2所示一般由不控整流和DC-DC升压变换器组成的单向三相电压型整流器，为了实现流入负载电流与流回电流相等，将Boost型DC-DC变换器的电感和快速整流二极管上下对称设置，一般作为混合整流器中的一个固定拓扑电路结构。而国内外的学者主要研究整流器B的不同拓扑电路结构，与整流器A组成的混合整流器供电系统。The hybrid rectifier shown in Figure 1 is the main topological circuit structure studied abroad at present, and systematic research has not yet started in China. For the rectifier A, as shown in Figure 2, it is generally a unidirectional three-phase voltage rectifier composed of an uncontrolled rectification and a DC-DC boost converter. The inductance of the rectifier and the fast rectifier diode are arranged symmetrically up and down, generally as a fixed topology circuit structure in the hybrid rectifier. Scholars at home and abroad mainly study the different topological circuit structures of rectifier B and the hybrid rectifier power supply system composed of rectifier A.
国外学者对混合整流器提出了不同的拓扑电路结构，针对这些不同拓扑电路结构的混合整流器，先计算分析了其性能指标优点，具有单个整流器的最优性能指标，同时通过不同的控制策略实现了这些混合整流器的运行。从控制策略算法上，对于整流器A，一般采用直流电压外环、电流内环的控制策略，电压控制器为整流器A和B共用。整流器B根据其结构不同，控制策略算法也不同，一般采用直流电压外环、电流内环的控制结构和采取PR控制器的多环控制结构，实现了混合整流器运行时的功率的分配，具有一定的综合性能指标优点；也采用PI控制器，单周期控制方案、反馈线性化控制器，从不同控制算法上实现了混合整流器的控制性能。Foreign scholars have proposed different topological circuit structures for hybrid rectifiers. For these hybrid rectifiers with different topological circuit structures, they first calculated and analyzed the advantages of their performance indicators. They have the optimal performance indicators of a single rectifier. Operation of hybrid rectifiers. In terms of control strategy algorithm, for rectifier A, the control strategy of DC voltage outer loop and current inner loop is generally adopted, and the voltage controller is shared by rectifier A and B. Depending on the structure of the rectifier B, the control strategy algorithm is also different. Generally, the control structure of the DC voltage outer loop and the current inner loop and the multi-loop control structure of the PR controller are used to realize the power distribution of the hybrid rectifier during operation. The advantages of comprehensive performance indicators; PI controller, single-cycle control scheme, and feedback linearization controller are also used to realize the control performance of the hybrid rectifier from different control algorithms.
国内对于整流器的控制，主要体现在单个整流器的控制算法上，对PWM整流器采用了以下控制方法：(1)提出了基于定频SVPWM和不定频滞环SVPWM的三相电压型PWM整流器虚拟磁链直接功率控制策略的原理。在此基础上，从开关频率、谐波含量以及控制性能等几方面对上述两种控制策略进行了对比；(2)采用电压外环，功率内环的直接功率控制策略。(3)设计了dq坐标系下基于空间矢量调制(Space Vector Modulation，SVM)的固定频率直接功率控制，利用dq坐标变换消除了电网电压eα和eβ对于参考电压vα和vβ的耦合影响。最后，结合三相电压型PWM整流器的稳动态变化过程，对上述控制策略进行了综合性的仿真比较；(4)提出了交替采用有功功率开关表和无功功率开关表的双开关表控制策略，可提高系统的动、静性能；在负载电流扰动时，通过负载电流反馈控制双开关表转换信号的占空比，可减少直流动态压降或消除稳态直流压降。(5)基于三相混合电压型整流器的无源性，外环采用PI控制，内环采用无源控制的无源混合控制方案。仿真验证了该无源混合控制器在整流器带阻感负载情况下运行的可行性。Domestic control of rectifiers is mainly reflected in the control algorithm of a single rectifier. The following control methods are used for PWM rectifiers: (1) A three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier virtual flux linkage based on fixed frequency SVPWM and variable frequency hysteresis loop SVPWM is proposed. Principle of direct power control strategy. On this basis, the above two control strategies are compared from the aspects of switching frequency, harmonic content and control performance; (2) The direct power control strategy adopts the voltage outer loop and the power inner loop. (3) A fixed-frequency direct power control based on Space Vector Modulation (SVM) in the dq coordinate system is designed, and the dq coordinate transformation is used to eliminate the coupling influence of the grid voltage eα and eβ on the reference voltage vα and vβ. Finally, combined with the steady and dynamic change process of the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier, a comprehensive simulation and comparison of the above control strategies is carried out; (4) A dual-switch meter control strategy using active power switch meters and reactive power switch meters alternately is proposed , can improve the dynamic and static performance of the system; when the load current is disturbed, the duty cycle of the conversion signal of the double switch meter can be controlled by the load current feedback, which can reduce the DC dynamic voltage drop or eliminate the steady-state DC voltage drop. (5) Based on the passivity of the three-phase mixed voltage rectifier, the outer loop adopts PI control, and the inner loop adopts a passive hybrid control scheme of passive control. The simulation verifies the feasibility of the passive hybrid controller operating under the condition that the rectifier has an inductive load.
混合三相电压型整流器的效率、功率密度、开关频率、单位功率因数等指标之间存在矛盾，如何处理混合整流器元器件参数与各性能指标以及各性能指标之间的矛盾，也是急需研究的。国内学者提出了以下控制方法：(1)研究了两电平PWM整流器效率、功率密度、开关频率评价方法；(2)通过建立元器件的成本模型研究了基于成本为优化目标的方法；(3)提出基于NSGA—II算法的变换器效率、尺寸及成本折中方案；(4)给出了一种三相PWM整流器H2/H∞混合控制策略，针对H2/H∞混合控制器采用传统方法求解增加系统保守性的问题，采用粒子群优化算法进行H2/H∞混合控制器的求解；(5)采用了一种基于功率守恒的负载电流前馈的控制策略，以抵消负载扰动的影响。同时将粒子群算法应用于整流器的PI参数优化设计中，提高了整流器的性能。(6)将改进的粒子群神经PID控制应用于电压型PWM整流器直流电压的控制；(7)提出了一种改进的粒子群优算法，并将其用于优化PWM整流器参数中。There are contradictions among the efficiency, power density, switching frequency, unit power factor and other indicators of the hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier. How to deal with the contradiction between the parameters of the hybrid rectifier components and various performance indicators and various performance indicators is also in urgent need of research. Domestic scholars put forward the following control methods: (1) studied the efficiency, power density, and switching frequency evaluation methods of two-level PWM rectifiers; (2) studied the method based on cost as the optimization goal by establishing the cost model of components; (3) ) proposed a trade-off scheme based on NSGA-II algorithm for converter efficiency, size and cost; (4) proposed a three-phase PWM rectifier H2/H∞ hybrid control strategy, using the traditional method for the H2/H∞ hybrid controller To solve the problem of increasing the conservatism of the system, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the H2/H∞ hybrid controller; (5) A load current feedforward control strategy based on power conservation is adopted to offset the influence of load disturbance. At the same time, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to the PI parameter optimization design of the rectifier, which improves the performance of the rectifier. (6) The improved particle swarm neural PID control is applied to the control of the DC voltage of the voltage-type PWM rectifier; (7) An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed and used to optimize the parameters of the PWM rectifier.
这些控制策略从不同角度提高了这些混合整流器的控制性能，但没有全面提高混合整流器控制性能，有些控制策略还是处于仿真研究阶段，未做实验调试。仅仅是针对单个整流器的参数进行了优化，从不同角度提高了这些单个整流器的综合控制性能，但还是没有全面提高混合整流器的综合性能指标，还没有涉及到混合整流器的多目标参数优化方面的研究。研究具有综合性能优点运行可靠实用的混合整流器控制方法是非常有意义的事。These control strategies have improved the control performance of these hybrid rectifiers from different angles, but they have not fully improved the control performance of the hybrid rectifier. Some control strategies are still in the stage of simulation research without experimental debugging. Only the parameters of a single rectifier are optimized, and the comprehensive control performance of these single rectifiers is improved from different angles, but the comprehensive performance index of the hybrid rectifier is still not comprehensively improved, and there is no research on the multi-objective parameter optimization of the hybrid rectifier. . It is very meaningful to study the control method of hybrid rectifier with comprehensive performance advantages and reliable and practical operation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，设计巧妙，控制有效，智能化程度高，具有综合性能指标优点，能满足电能质量要求外，还具有高效、高功率密度、高可靠性等特点，提高电气设备的效率和寿命，拓展了其应用范围，使用安全节能环保等优点。In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier, which is ingenious in design, effective in control, high in intelligence, has the advantages of comprehensive performance indicators, and can meet the requirements of power quality In addition to the requirements, it also has the characteristics of high efficiency, high power density, and high reliability, which improves the efficiency and life of electrical equipment, expands its application range, and has the advantages of safety, energy saving, and environmental protection.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，包括A整流器、B整流器、第一控制系统、第二控制系统，所述A整流器包括依次连接的三相不控整流器、超级电容组E1、双向三相三重DC/DC变流器，所述三相不控整流器输入端通过空开K1连接电网，所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器输出端连接负载或者逆变器；所述负载或者逆变器输入端还连接B整流器，所述B整流器输入端连接电网；所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器连接第一控制系统并受其控制，所述B整流器连接第二控制系统并受其控制。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier, including A rectifier, B rectifier, a first control system, and a second control system, and the A rectifier includes sequentially connected three-phase uncontrolled rectifiers , a supercapacitor bank E1, a bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, the input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier is connected to the power grid through an air switch K1, and the output end of the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter is connected to a load or Inverter; the input end of the load or the inverter is also connected to the B rectifier, and the input end of the B rectifier is connected to the power grid; the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter is connected to and controlled by the first control system, so The B rectifier is connected to and controlled by the second control system.
上述的一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，其特征在于：所述超级电容组E1为两个或者两个以上超级电容先并联再串联。The above-mentioned high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is characterized in that: the supercapacitor group E1 is composed of two or more supercapacitors connected in parallel first and then in series.
上述的一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，其特征在于：所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器输出端通过电感L5、电容E2组成的LC滤波电路连接负载或者逆变器。The above-mentioned high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is characterized in that: the output end of the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter is connected to a load or an inverter through an LC filter circuit composed of an inductor L5 and a capacitor E2.
上述的一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，其特征在于：所述B整流器为三相PWM整流器。The above-mentioned high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is characterized in that: the B rectifier is a three-phase PWM rectifier.
上述的一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，其特征在于：所述三相PWM整流器输入端连接滤波单元电路，所述滤波单元电路包括三组电感电容串联电路，三组电感电容串联电路每一组的电感分别连接三相PWM整流器输入端每一相，三组电感电容串联电路的电容均连接一起。The above-mentioned high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is characterized in that: the input end of the three-phase PWM rectifier is connected to a filter unit circuit, and the filter unit circuit includes three sets of inductance-capacitor series circuits, and each of the three sets of inductance-capacitor series circuits One set of inductors is respectively connected to each phase of the input terminal of the three-phase PWM rectifier, and the capacitors of the three sets of inductor-capacitor series circuits are connected together.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明运用电力电子技术、全数字化智能化技术，混合三相电压型整流器实现整流器的高效、高功率密度、高可靠性以及高的电能质量，利用超级电容组的有机结合能更加有效的实现电气装备的各种特殊工况应用，实现对再生能量的有效利用，负载起动瞬间和重载情况下，基于超级电容组能量的补充，避免了不必要的故障，延长了电气装备的使用寿命和使用效率，具有的能量存储功能，避免了能源的浪费，取消了制动单元环节，实现节能环保，提高了整个产品的控制性能和使用安全性能。The present invention uses power electronic technology, all-digital intelligent technology, and a hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier to realize high efficiency, high power density, high reliability and high power quality of the rectifier, and utilizes the organic combination of supercapacitor groups to more effectively realize electrical The application of various special working conditions of the equipment realizes the effective use of regenerative energy. At the moment of load starting and under heavy load conditions, based on the energy supplement of the super capacitor bank, unnecessary failures are avoided, and the service life and use of electrical equipment are extended. Efficiency, with advanced energy storage function, avoids energy waste, cancels the braking unit link, realizes energy saving and environmental protection, and improves the control performance and safety performance of the entire product.
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。The idea, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有技术的混合整流器组成框图。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hybrid rectifier in the prior art.
图2是图1的整流器A系统框图；Fig. 2 is a system block diagram of the rectifier A of Fig. 1;
图3是本发明的系统整体框图。Fig. 3 is an overall block diagram of the system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图3所示，一种高效双向混合三相电压型整流器，包括A整流器1、B整流器2、第一控制系统3、第二控制系统4，所述A整流器1包括依次连接的三相不控整流器11、超级电容组E1、双向三相三重DC/DC变流器12，所述三相不控整流器11输入端通过空开K1连接电网，所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器12输出端连接负载或者逆变器；所述负载或者逆变器输入端还连接B整流器2，所述B整流器2输入端连接电网；所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器12连接第一控制系统3并受其控制，所述B整流器2连接第二控制系统4并受其控制。As shown in Figure 3, a high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier includes an A rectifier 1, a B rectifier 2, a first control system 3, and a second control system 4, and the A rectifier 1 includes sequentially connected three-phase different Controlled rectifier 11, supercapacitor group E1, bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter 12, the input end of the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier 11 is connected to the power grid through an air switch K1, and the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter 12 The output end is connected to the load or inverter; the input end of the load or inverter is also connected to the B rectifier 2, and the input end of the B rectifier 2 is connected to the power grid; the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter 12 is connected to the second A control system 3 is controlled by it, and the B rectifier 2 is connected to and controlled by a second control system 4 .
本实施例中，所述超级电容组E1为两个或者两个以上超级电容先并联再串联，所述双向三相三重DC/DC变流器12输出端通过电感L5、电容E2组成的LC滤波电路连接负载或者逆变器，所述B整流器2为三相PWM整流器。In this embodiment, the supercapacitor group E1 is two or more supercapacitors first connected in parallel and then connected in series, and the output terminal of the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter 12 is filtered by an LC composed of an inductor L5 and a capacitor E2 The circuit is connected with a load or an inverter, and the B rectifier 2 is a three-phase PWM rectifier.
此外,所述三相PWM整流器输入端连接滤波单元电路，所述滤波单元电路包括三组电感电容串联电路，三组电感电容串联电路每一组的电感分别连接三相PWM整流器输入端每一相，三组电感电容串联电路的电容均连接一起。In addition, the input end of the three-phase PWM rectifier is connected to a filter unit circuit, and the filter unit circuit includes three sets of inductance-capacitor series circuits, and the inductance of each of the three sets of inductance-capacitor series circuits is respectively connected to each phase of the input end of the three-phase PWM rectifier. , the capacitors of the three sets of inductance-capacitor series circuits are all connected together.
本发明的混合整流器由于整流器A采用了超级电容组和双向三相三重DC/DC变流器，整流器B采用电压型PWM整流器，能量双向流动，在任意功率分配的情况下可获得高功率因数，也不受整流器A和整流器B的波形限制。若整流器A负担全部负载功率，则整流器B作为有源电力滤波器，能够补偿电流谐波，使混合整流器高功率因数运行。In the hybrid rectifier of the present invention, because the rectifier A adopts a supercapacitor bank and a bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, and the rectifier B adopts a voltage-type PWM rectifier, the energy flows bidirectionally, and a high power factor can be obtained under the condition of arbitrary power distribution. It is also not limited by the waveforms of rectifier A and rectifier B. If rectifier A bears all the load power, rectifier B acts as an active power filter, which can compensate current harmonics and make the hybrid rectifier operate with high power factor.
混合三相电压型整流器为非线性系统，上述基于线性模型的PI或PR控制器，不能对非线性对象进行有效控制；输入电流又为两个整流器电流的合成，会产生电流畸变，这样控制算法需要能快速跟踪突变电流；加之混合整流器中两种整流器对于负载功率的分配没有一个明确的分配方法。本发明提出了一种“混合”预测自适应直接功率控制算法，在同一个控制系统下，以混合三相电压型整流器的精确模型为基础，对总输入和各自整流器输入的电流矢量进行测量，根据混合整流器中产生的电压矢量来产生未来电流的预测值，同时通过负载参考电流或检测负载电流，对负载有功功率进行估计，使用这些预测值来计算未来的有功功率和无功功率。从而有效实现对混合整流器电流的快速跟踪，使输入电流正弦化，自适应不同工作状态下的功率分配。The hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is a nonlinear system. The above-mentioned PI or PR controller based on the linear model cannot effectively control the nonlinear object; the input current is the synthesis of the two rectifier currents, which will generate current distortion. It needs to be able to quickly track the sudden change of current; in addition, there is no clear distribution method for the distribution of load power between the two types of rectifiers in the hybrid rectifier. The invention proposes a "hybrid" predictive adaptive direct power control algorithm, under the same control system, based on the accurate model of the mixed three-phase voltage type rectifier, the current vector of the total input and the input of each rectifier is measured, According to the voltage vector generated in the hybrid rectifier, the predicted value of the future current is generated, and at the same time, the load active power is estimated through the load reference current or the detected load current, and these predicted values are used to calculate the future active power and reactive power. Therefore, the fast tracking of the hybrid rectifier current is effectively realized, the input current is sinusoidalized, and the power distribution under different working states is adaptive.
混合三相电压型整流器的效率、功率密度、单位功率因数、低交流电流谐波与整流器的开关器件、器件参数以及开关频率紧密相关，而这些指标之间又存在矛盾，这就需要对各个指标和器件参数进行优化，获得最优的综合性能指标。本发明针对这种多目标性能指标优化，结合“混合”预测自适应直接功率控制算法采取改进的粒子群优化控制算法，将混合整流器的效率、功率密度、单位功率因数、电流谐波含量、开关频率、功率分配、恒定直流输出电压作为优化目标进行综合寻优，使得各个参数朝目标最佳协调点的方向进行进化，从而是混合整流器获得最优的综合性能指标。The efficiency, power density, unit power factor, and low AC current harmonics of the hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier are closely related to the switching devices, device parameters and switching frequency of the rectifier, and there are contradictions between these indicators, which requires the analysis of each indicator And device parameters are optimized to obtain the best comprehensive performance index. The present invention aims at this kind of multi-objective performance index optimization, and adopts an improved particle swarm optimization control algorithm in combination with the "hybrid" predictive adaptive direct power control algorithm, and the efficiency, power density, unit power factor, current harmonic content, switch Frequency, power distribution, and constant DC output voltage are used as optimization objectives for comprehensive optimization, so that each parameter evolves toward the best coordination point of the target, so that the hybrid rectifier obtains the optimal comprehensive performance index.
其工作原理和控制方法如下所示：Its working principle and control method are as follows:
1、如图3所示，高效双向混合三相电压型整流器(整流器A和整流器B)由6个部分组成，整流器A由三相不控整流器、超级电容组、双向三相三重DC/DC变流器组成，整流器B由二电平或者三电平或者多电平PWM整流器组成，控制系统1、控制系统2等，本混合整流器能实现整流输出电压的稳压和再生制动能量的吸收利用，高效、高功率密度、高可靠性、高的电能质量要求，具有综合性能指标优点；1. As shown in Figure 3, the high-efficiency bidirectional hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier (rectifier A and rectifier B) is composed of 6 parts. Rectifier A is composed of three-phase uncontrolled rectifier, super capacitor group, bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC transformer Composed of rectifiers, rectifier B is composed of two-level or three-level or multi-level PWM rectifiers, control system 1, control system 2, etc. This hybrid rectifier can realize the regulation of rectified output voltage and the absorption and utilization of regenerative braking energy , high efficiency, high power density, high reliability, high power quality requirements, and has the advantages of comprehensive performance indicators;
2、当混合整流器给负载供电时，能量从电网流向负载：电网→超级电容组→三相三重双向DC/DC变流器→负载(逆变器)，同时电网→PWM整流器→负载(逆变器)，实现混合供电；当系统处于再生制动运行时，能量从负载经过双向三相三重DC/DC变流器流向超级电容组或者经过PWM整流器回到电网：负载(逆变器)→三相三重双向DC/DC变流器→超级电容组或者负载(逆变器)→PWM整流器→电网；2. When the hybrid rectifier supplies power to the load, the energy flows from the grid to the load: grid → supercapacitor bank → three-phase triple bidirectional DC/DC converter → load (inverter), while the grid → PWM rectifier → load (inverter) Converter) to realize hybrid power supply; when the system is in regenerative braking operation, the energy flows from the load to the supercapacitor bank through the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter or returns to the power grid through the PWM rectifier: load (inverter) → three Phase triple bidirectional DC/DC converter → super capacitor bank or load (inverter) → PWM rectifier → power grid;
3、控制系统1和控制系统2依据检测电网、超级电容组的状态，依据负载的运行状态以及运行停止等指令启动智能化高效运行，自动调整分配功率，同时两控制系统直接交换数据，自动调整智能化运行；3. Control system 1 and control system 2 start intelligent and efficient operation according to the detection of the state of the power grid and super capacitor group, according to the operating state of the load and instructions such as operation stop, and automatically adjust the distributed power. At the same time, the two control systems directly exchange data and automatically adjust Intelligent operation;
4、混合三相电压型整流器起动时，先通过PWM整流器、双向三相三重DC/DC变流器给超级电容组充电，或配合不控整流器给超级电容组充电，可给比供电电网功率配置高的负载供电，应用一些特殊场合，扩展了应用范围。4. When the hybrid three-phase voltage rectifier is started, first charge the supercapacitor bank through the PWM rectifier, bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, or charge the supercapacitor bank with an uncontrolled rectifier, which can be used for power configuration of the power supply grid High load power supply, used in some special occasions, expanding the scope of application.
5、当混合三相电压型整流器运行时，根据负载的功率，整流器A中的双向三相三重DC/DC变流器工作在升压工况，可输出稳定的直流电压，能够适应负载的不同变化，承担全部或者大部分的功率；承担全部功率时，整流器B即PWM整流器作为有源滤波器来工作，能够补偿电流谐波，使混合整流器高功率因数运行。当整流器A承担大部分功率时，其双向三相三重DC/DC变流器工作在恒流工况，PWM整流器工作在恒压工况，保持输出稳定的直流电压供给负载或者逆变器；使得混合整流器高效、高功率密度、高稳定性、高电能质量运行。5. When the mixed three-phase voltage type rectifier is running, according to the power of the load, the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter in the rectifier A works in the step-up condition, and can output a stable DC voltage, which can adapt to different loads change, to bear all or most of the power; when bearing all the power, the rectifier B, that is, the PWM rectifier, works as an active filter, which can compensate current harmonics and make the hybrid rectifier operate with a high power factor. When rectifier A bears most of the power, its bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter works under constant current conditions, and the PWM rectifier works under constant voltage conditions to maintain a stable output DC voltage for the load or inverter; so that The hybrid rectifier has high efficiency, high power density, high stability, and high power quality operation.
6、当负载紧急制动时，制动能量首先通过双向三相三重DC/DC变流器存储到超级电容组中，双向三相三重DC/DC变流器工作在恒流工况；如果制动能量过多，则起动PWM整流器工作在逆变状态，将多余的制动能量回馈回到电网，防止再生制动能量损伤电气设备，无需外加制动电阻单元，提高了混合三相电压型整流器的控制性能、可靠性以及效率，同时提高了电气装备的安全性能和适应性能，促进了电气装备的节能环保和国民经济的发展等，使用安全节能环保。6. When the load brakes urgently, the braking energy is first stored in the supercapacitor bank through the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, and the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter works under constant current conditions; If the dynamic energy is too much, the starting PWM rectifier will work in the inverter state, and the excess braking energy will be fed back to the grid to prevent the regenerative braking energy from damaging the electrical equipment. It improves the control performance, reliability and efficiency of electrical equipment, improves the safety performance and adaptability of electrical equipment, and promotes the energy saving and environmental protection of electrical equipment and the development of the national economy. It is safe, energy-saving and environmentally friendly to use.
7、当混合三相电压型整流器运行时，当负载瞬间起动，供电电网结合超级电容组和双向三相三重DC/DC变流器配合PWM整流器协调并联运行，给负载供电，能够稳定输入电网电压，不至因负载瞬间起动造成过高的电流而拉低电网电压，损坏电气设备，减少了故障率。7. When the mixed three-phase voltage type rectifier is running, when the load starts instantly, the power supply grid combines the super capacitor bank and the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter with the PWM rectifier to coordinate parallel operation to supply power to the load and stabilize the input grid voltage , will not pull down the grid voltage due to the high current caused by the instantaneous start of the load, damage the electrical equipment, and reduce the failure rate.
8、控制系统1控制双向三相三重DC/DC变流器运行，控制系统2控制PWM整流器运行，两控制系统通过CAN总线进行数据交换，合理控制混合三相电压型整流器运行，可以有效应付不同的工作状况和恶劣环境，自动自适应调整功率分配，使混合整流器始终工作在最高的运行效率，不过度使用，保护了电气装备的寿命。尤其是在再生制动的过程中，快速存储能量，起动的瞬间快速补充能量，不会拉低电网电压，还提高了电气装备的寿命，降低了故障类，节能环保。8. The control system 1 controls the operation of the bidirectional three-phase triple DC/DC converter, the control system 2 controls the operation of the PWM rectifier, and the two control systems exchange data through the CAN bus to reasonably control the operation of the mixed three-phase voltage type rectifier, which can effectively cope with different The working condition and harsh environment, automatic self-adaptive adjustment of power distribution, so that the hybrid rectifier always works at the highest operating efficiency, without excessive use, and protects the life of electrical equipment. Especially in the process of regenerative braking, energy is stored quickly, and energy is quickly replenished at the moment of starting, which will not lower the voltage of the grid, and also improve the life of electrical equipment, reduce faults, and save energy and protect the environment.
与现有技术相比本发明的优点在于：运用电力电子技术、全数字化智能化技术，混合三相电压型整流器实现整流器的高效、高功率密度、高可靠性以及高的电能质量，利用超级电容组的有机结合能更加有效的实现电气装备的各种特殊工况应用，实现对再生能量的有效利用，负载起动瞬间和重载情况下，基于超级电容组能量的补充，避免了不必要的故障，延长了电气装备的使用寿命和使用效率，具有的能量存储功能，避免了能源的浪费，取消了制动单元环节，实现节能环保，提高了整个产品的控制性能和使用安全性能。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of: using power electronic technology, full digital intelligent technology, hybrid three-phase voltage type rectifier to achieve high efficiency, high power density, high reliability and high power quality of the rectifier, using supercapacitor The organic combination of groups can more effectively realize the application of various special working conditions of electrical equipment, and realize the effective use of regenerative energy. At the moment of load starting and under heavy load, based on the energy supplement of super capacitor group, unnecessary failures are avoided. , prolong the service life and efficiency of electrical equipment, have a unique energy storage function, avoid energy waste, cancel the braking unit link, realize energy saving and environmental protection, and improve the control performance and safety performance of the entire product.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
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