CN107340019B - A kind of water and soil conservation on-Line Monitor Device and monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-line monitoring device and method for soil and water conservation, comprising a main rod, a brazing sensor and a soil moisture sensor; a rain sensor, a wind speed sensor, a video monitoring module, a solar module, a wind direction sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor are installed on the main rod , an antenna module and a data acquisition and transmission circuit module; the outputs of the brazing sensor, soil moisture sensor, rainfall sensor, wind speed sensor, video monitoring module, solar module, wind direction sensor, and temperature and humidity sensor are all connected to the data acquisition and transmission circuit module; The data acquisition and sending circuit module is connected to the antenna module. The invention combines soil and water conservation monitoring work with modern testing technology and communication technology, integrates soil erosion impact factors, soil erosion volume and other index monitoring instruments and installs them on the project site for regular monitoring, and the monitoring results are displayed on site and transmitted remotely. Avoid the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems of traditional monitoring and large measurement errors.

Description

An online monitoring device and monitoring method for soil and water conservation

technical field

The technology of the invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation monitoring, and in particular relates to an automatic monitoring device for soil and water conservation influencing factors and water and soil loss.

Background technique

The traditional soil and water conservation monitoring work is to manually bring the required monitoring instruments to the monitoring point on a regular basis, each instrument works independently, and records the monitoring results. This method requires surveyors to arrive at the site regularly for monitoring, and at the same time, they need to carry a large number of instruments and equipment each time. Moreover, there are large errors and many uncertain factors in manual measurement and recording, which seriously affect the accuracy of monitoring.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an integrated soil and water conservation on-line monitoring device and monitoring method, which are used for automatic monitoring of water and soil loss influencing factors and water and soil loss in soil and water conservation monitoring, so as to solve the above technical problems.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

An on-line monitoring device for water and soil conservation, including a main pole, a brazing sensor and a soil moisture sensor; a rain sensor, a wind speed sensor, a video monitoring module, a solar module, a wind direction sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an antenna module and data acquisition are installed on the main pole Sending circuit module; the output ends of the brazing sensor, soil moisture sensor, rainfall sensor, wind speed sensor, video monitoring module, solar module, wind direction sensor, and temperature and humidity sensor are all connected to the data acquisition and sending circuit module; the data acquisition and sending circuit module is connected to Antenna module.

Further, the drill measuring sensor includes a drill rod; the top of the drill rod is fixed with an ultrasonic transceiver module, and the drill rod is also provided with a standard reflector with a fixed distance from the ultrasonic transceiver module.

Further, the ultrasonic transceiver module includes an ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit, an ultrasonic receiving circuit and an ultrasonic transducer; The output end is connected to the control end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the output end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the input end of the ultrasonic receiving circuit; the standard reflector is set on the side where the ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic waves.

Further, the ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine is used as the main control chip of the system to control the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves, and when each ultrasonic wave is transmitted or received, it controls the timing as the propagation time of ultrasonic waves; at the same time, the single-chip microcomputer reserves RS485 interface for data transmission.

Further, the model of the ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine is TDC1011.

A monitoring method of an online monitoring device for water and soil conservation comprises the following steps:

The rain sensor, wind speed sensor, video monitoring module, wind direction sensor and temperature and humidity sensor on the main pole, as well as the brazing sensor and soil moisture sensor send each measured real-time value to the data acquisition and sending circuit module installed in the main pole. The single-chip microcomputer and multi-channel data conversion, transceiver and acquisition card set in the data acquisition and sending circuit module process and convert each channel of data into 3G/4G signals and transmit them to the data center through the antenna module for data storage, backup and analysis, realizing remote monitoring in different places And accumulate local soil erosion factors and soil erosion volume information.

A monitoring method of an online monitoring device for water and soil conservation, comprising the following steps:

The rain sensor, wind speed sensor, video monitoring module, wind direction sensor and temperature and humidity sensor on the main pole, as well as the brazing sensor and soil moisture sensor send the current values of each measurement to the data acquisition and sending circuit module installed in the main pole. The single-chip microcomputer and multi-channel data conversion, transceiver and acquisition card set in the data acquisition and sending circuit module process and convert each channel of data into 3G/4G signals and transmit them to the data center through the antenna module for data storage, backup and analysis, realizing remote monitoring in different places And collect local soil erosion factors and soil erosion volume information;

Among them, when the brazing sensor monitors, it includes: inserting the drill rod into the slope to be measured, the ultrasonic transceiver module sends out ultrasonic waves, when the ultrasonic waves propagate to the standard reflector, the ultrasonic waves return once, and the ultrasonic transceiver module receives the returned ultrasonic waves once; The ultrasonic wave propagates to the slope to be measured and returns for the second time, and the ultrasonic transceiver module receives the ultrasonic wave returned for the second time; through the time of the two propagations, the distance of the second propagation is determined, that is, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module and the slope is measured.

Further, specifically, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module and the standard reflector is S _n ; the time when the ultrasonic waves return for the first time is the standard time T _n ; the time when the ultrasonic waves return for the second time is T _x , and the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver modules is S The face distance is

Further, according to the set time gradient, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module and the slope is repeatedly monitored, and the thickness information of the soil erosion amount at this position is calculated by the difference between the two measurement data.

The present invention can select temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, wind direction sensors, rainfall sensors, soil moisture sensors, self-calibration ultrasonic brazing sensors and other required monitoring index sensors.

The present invention adopts a hexagonal prism-shaped main rod formed by bending galvanized steel sheets. All the circuit parts go inside the main rod, and a unified interface is designed to meet the convenience and versatility of the installation of monitoring sensors. That is, the sensors and functional modules designed in this system can be Choose whether to install or not according to the site conditions. If there are monitoring factors that the system has not designed, you can also choose a suitable sensor to install and use.

The present invention all adopts the monitoring sensor of industrial grade RS485 communication interface, realizes data uploading and automatic monitoring.

The invention utilizes the network wireless transmission technology to realize remote data transmission in different places.

The system power supply module of the present invention uses solar panels to assist municipal power supply.

The system of the present invention is equipped with a camera for 360-degree on-site monitoring, and at the same time, it can remotely control and monitor the on-site water and soil loss conditions and the implementation status of water and soil conservation measures.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The hexagonal prism-shaped main rod formed by bending galvanized steel plate is used. The circuit part is all inside the main rod, and the unified interface is designed so that the system sensors and functional modules can be installed or not according to the site conditions. If there is monitoring that is not designed for the system Factors can also be used to select suitable sensor installations.

2. Through system integration, the labor cost of traditional measurement is saved, and at the same time, monitoring errors caused by inaccurate manual reading records are avoided.

3. System regular monitoring, video monitoring, remote transmission, comprehensive and timely understanding of the project's water and soil loss situation.

4. The system pays attention to low energy consumption design, the power supply is connected to 220V municipal power supply, and solar modules are installed at the same time, in case of power failure, the instrument will continue to operate.

The invention combines soil and water conservation monitoring work with modern testing technology and communication technology, integrates soil erosion impact factors, soil erosion volume and other index monitoring instruments and installs them on the project site for regular monitoring, and the monitoring results are displayed on site and transmitted remotely. Avoid the time-consuming and labor-intensive problems of traditional monitoring and large measurement errors.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-line monitoring device for water and soil conservation;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another perspective of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another perspective of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the system flowchart of soil and water conservation on-line monitoring device;

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a self-calibrating ultrasonic brazing device;

Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a measurement method of a self-calibrating ultrasonic brazing device.

The marks in the drawings and the names of corresponding parts: 1 is the rain sensor, 2 is the wind speed sensor, 3 is the video monitoring module, 4 is the solar module, 5 is the wind direction sensor, 6 is the temperature and humidity sensor, 7 is the antenna module, 8 is the The main rod, 9 is a data acquisition module, 10 is a brazing sensor, and 11 is a soil moisture sensor.

The drawings described here are used to provide further understanding of the embodiments of the invention, constitute a part of the application, and do not limit the embodiments of the invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1. The schematic embodiment of the invention and its description are only used to explain the present invention, and do not serve as an explanation of the present invention. limited.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, an online monitoring device for water and soil conservation of the present invention includes a rainfall sensor 1, a wind speed sensor 2, a video monitoring module 3, a solar module 4 powered by solar energy, a wind direction sensor 5, a temperature and humidity sensor 6, a signal The remote antenna module 7, the main rod 8, the data acquisition and sending circuit module 9, the self-calibration ultrasonic brazing sensor 10 and the soil moisture sensor 11.

The main rod 8 is a hexagonal prism main rod formed by bending and forming a steel plate, which is buried and fixed at the monitoring site. There are six cantilevers evenly distributed on the main pole 8, and sensors are installed on each of the six cantilevers. connected; the wind speed sensor 2 is installed on the main pole 8, and the signal output terminal is connected with the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8; the video monitoring module 3 is installed on the main pole 8, and the signal output terminal is connected with the The data collection and sending circuit module 9 on 8 is connected; On the pole 8, the signal output end is connected with the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8; the temperature and humidity sensor 6 is installed on the main pole 8, and the signal output end is connected with the data acquisition and transmission circuit module installed on the main pole 8 9 are connected; the antenna module 7 for signal remote transmission is installed on the main pole 8, and the signal output terminal is connected with the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8; the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 is installed on the main pole 8; The brazing sensor 10 is arranged near the main pole 8 nearby, and the signal output terminal is connected with the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8; the soil moisture module 11 is arranged near the main pole 8, and the signal output terminal is connected with the The data acquisition and sending circuit module 9 on the 8 is connected.

The rain sensor 1 is a rain sensor with pulse output. The rain sensor 1 is independently installed on the main pole 8, and the signal line is routed independently, which is a modular installation.

The wind speed sensor 2 adopts the wind speed sensor with RS485 interface, and the wind speed sensor 2 is independently installed on the main pole 8, and the signal line is routed independently, which is modular installation.

The video surveillance module 3 selects a network digital surveillance pan-tilt camera with a pan-tilt, and the video surveillance module 3 is independently installed on the main pole 8, and the signal wires are routed independently, which is a modular installation. Long-distance 360-degree monitoring of the site situation, the operating status of each sensor, and the damage to various equipment by humans and animals.

The solar module 4 is a 50W monocrystalline solar module, the solar module 4 is independently installed on the main pole 8, and the signal lines are routed independently, which is a modular installation.

The wind direction sensor 5 is an RS485 interface wind direction sensor, the wind direction sensor 2 is independently installed on the main pole 8, and the signal lines are routed independently, which is a modular installation.

The temperature and humidity sensor 6 is a temperature and humidity sensor with an RS485 interface. The temperature and humidity sensor 2 is independently installed on the main pole 8 to monitor the local atmospheric temperature and humidity. The signal line is routed independently and installed in a modular manner.

The antenna module 7 for signal remote transmission is a wireless router 3G/4G antenna module, and the antenna module 7 is independently installed on the main pole 8 to transmit real-time data remotely.

The data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 selects a data acquisition and transmission circuit module that integrates reception and transmission. The data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 is independently installed on the main pole 8, receives signals from various sensors, and sends relevant data to the data center through the antenna module 7 .

The brazing sensor 10 adopts a self-calibrating ultrasonic brazing sensor, which is installed near the main pole 8, and the signal line is independently routed into the data acquisition and sending circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8 to monitor the local soil loss.

Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , the drill sensor 10 includes a drill rod 101 , an ultrasonic transceiver module 102 and a standard reflector 103 . The ultrasonic transceiver module 102 and the standard reflector 103 are connected to the drill rod 101 , and the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 and the standard reflector 103 is fixed. Wherein, the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 is provided with a single chip microcomputer and a TDC1011 ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip 104 , an ultrasonic transmitting circuit 105 , an ultrasonic receiving circuit 106 and an ultrasonic transducer 107 . Single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip 104 connect the input end of ultrasonic transmitting circuit 105 and the output end of ultrasonic receiving circuit 106, the output end of ultrasonic transmitting circuit 105 connects the control end of ultrasonic transducer 107, the output end of ultrasonic transducer 107 The input end of the ultrasonic receiving circuit 106 is connected; the standard reflector 103 is set facing the side where the ultrasonic transducer 107 emits ultrasonic waves.

The combination of the standard reflector 103 and the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 builds an ultrasonic transmitting and receiving ranging platform, realizes the automatic calibration function of test parameters, and avoids the influence of test environment interference on ultrasonic waves.

When the self-calibrating ultrasonic measuring device is used for monitoring water and soil loss, first insert the measuring rod 101 into the slope surface 108 to be measured, and determine the depth of the device inserted into the ground according to the difference between the soil type and the site environment, so as to ensure that the device can monitor stability during the period.

First, a measurement is carried out. The single-chip microcomputer and TDC1011 ultrasonic transceiver chip 104 control the transmitting circuit 105 to send the ultrasonic wave 109 through the ultrasonic transducer 107. When the ultrasonic wave 109 propagates to the standard reflector 103, the ultrasonic wave 109 returns once, and the ultrasonic transducer 107 receives Return the ultrasonic wave 109 once, and pass it back to the single-chip microcomputer and the TDC1011 ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip 104 through the ultrasonic receiving circuit 106;

The unreturned ultrasonic wave 109 propagates to the slope to be measured 108 and then returns for the second time. The ultrasonic transducer 107 receives the second return ultrasonic wave 109 and sends it back to the single chip microcomputer and the TDC1011 ultrasonic transceiver chip 104 through the ultrasonic receiving circuit 106 . Because the distance between the standard reflector 103 and the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 is constant, and the ultrasonic wave velocity of the two propagations is the same, then by determining the two propagation times, the distance of the secondary propagation can be obtained, that is, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 and the slope of the sample plot can be obtained. the distance.

In the monitoring work of water and soil loss, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module 102 and the slope of the sample plot is measured again after passing through the determined time gradient. The data is transmitted to the host computer through RS485 communication, and information such as the thickness of the water and soil loss at the location can be calculated by the difference between the two measurement data.

The invention utilizes the principle of ultrasonic ranging to monitor data related to water and soil loss, and then realizes data transmission through RS485 communication, and the system automatically calculates and obtains related data such as water and soil loss. In this device, the ultrasonic transceiver device is placed on the top of the brazing, and a standard reflector is placed at the middle distance of the ultrasonic transceiver device _Sn . When the ultrasonic transmitter emits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves propagate to the standard reflector and return for the first time. , the standard time T _n is measured; the unreturned ultrasonic waves travel to the measured slope and then return twice, and the round-trip time T _x is measured, then the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver device and the slope is

In this way, the automatic monitoring of water and soil loss by the brazing method is realized, and the disadvantages of time-consuming and labor-consuming and easy to damage the stability of the slope surface are avoided by the traditional brazing method; The calculation of environmental values such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure ensures that the structure of the ultrasonic brazing measurement is simple and the cost is low.

The soil moisture module 11 selects the soil moisture sensor of RS485 interface, and the soil moisture module 11 is installed near the main pole 8 nearby, and the signal line is routed independently into the data acquisition and sending circuit module 9 installed on the main pole 8, and monitors the local soil moisture situation.

In order to further understand the present invention, the monitoring method of the online soil and water conservation monitoring device of the present invention will be further described.

Please refer to shown in Figure 2, the rain sensor 1, wind speed sensor 2, video monitoring module 3, wind direction sensor 5, temperature and humidity sensor 6, self-calibration ultrasonic measuring brazing sensor 10, and soil moisture sensor 11 installed on the main pole 8 will respectively collect The received data information is transmitted to the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 through the signal line, and the data acquisition and transmission circuit module 9 analyzes and compares each input signal and converts it into a wireless signal, and transmits it to the data receiving center through the signal remote transmission antenna module 7. The collected data is stored, analyzed, and archived, and the power required for the operation of the device is provided by the municipal power supply and the solar module 4 for backup power supply.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Protection scope, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a monitoring method of soil and water conservation on-line monitoring device, is characterized in that, described soil and water conservation on-line monitoring device comprises main rod (8), brazing sensor (10) and soil moisture sensor (11); main rod (8 ) are installed with rain sensor (1), wind speed sensor (2), video monitoring module (3), solar module (4), wind direction sensor (5), temperature and humidity sensor (6), antenna module (7) and data acquisition Sending circuit module (9); the brazing sensor (10), soil moisture sensor (11), rain sensor (1), wind speed sensor (2), video monitoring module (3), solar module (4), wind direction sensor (5), the output end of temperature and humidity sensor (6) all connects data collection and sending circuit module (9); Data collection and sending circuit module (9) connects antenna module (7); Measuring drill sensor (10) comprises measuring drill rod ( 101); the measuring drill rod (101) top is fixed with an ultrasonic transceiver module (102), and the survey drill rod (101) is also provided with a fixed standard reflector (103) at a distance from the ultrasonic transceiver module (102); the ultrasonic transceiver module ( 102) comprise ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine (104), ultrasonic transmitting circuit (105), ultrasonic receiving circuit (106) and ultrasonic transducer (107); The output end of the input terminal and the ultrasonic receiving circuit (106), the output end of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit (105) is connected to the control end of the ultrasonic transducer (107), and the output end of the ultrasonic transducer (107) is connected to the ultrasonic receiving circuit (106). ) of the input end; the standard reflector (103) is set on the side where the ultrasonic transducer (107) sends out the ultrasonic waves; The monitoring method comprises the following steps: The rain sensor (1), wind speed sensor (2), video monitoring module (3), wind direction sensor (5) and temperature and humidity sensor (6) on the main pole (8), as well as the brazing sensor (10), soil moisture sensor (11) Send each measured current value into the data acquisition and sending circuit module (9) installed in the main pole (8), through the single-chip microcomputer and multi-channel data conversion, sending and receiving and collecting arranged in the data acquisition and sending circuit module (9) The card processes and converts various data into 3G/4G signals and remotely transmits them to the data center through the antenna module (7) for data storage, backup and analysis, realizes remote monitoring in different places and collects local soil erosion impact factors and soil erosion volume information; Wherein, during monitoring by the measuring drill sensor (10), it includes: inserting the measuring drill rod (101) into the slope surface to be measured, the ultrasonic transceiver module (102) sends out ultrasonic waves (109), and when the ultrasonic waves (109) propagate to the standard reflecting plate (103) , the ultrasonic wave (109) returns once, and the ultrasonic transceiver module (102) receives the ultrasonic wave returned once; the ultrasonic wave that does not return propagates to the slope surface to be measured and returns for the second time, and the ultrasonic wave transceiver module (102) receives the ultrasonic wave returned for the second time; By comparing the time of the two propagations, the distance of the second propagation is determined, that is, the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module (102) and the slope (108) is measured. 2. the described monitoring method of claim 1 is characterized in that, concretely, the spacing between ultrasonic transceiver module (102) and standard reflector (103) is S _n ; The time that ultrasonic waves return for the first time is standard time T _n ; the time when the ultrasonic waves return for the second time is T _x , and the distance between the ultrasonic transceiver module (102) and the slope is 3. the described monitoring method of claim 2, is characterized in that, according to the time gradient of setting, repeatedly monitors the distance of ultrasonic transceiver module (102) apart from slope surface, calculates this position soil and water loss by the difference of twice measurement data thickness information. 4. The monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine (104) controls the emission and reception of the ultrasonic wave as the main control chip of the system, and when each ultrasonic wave is emitted or received, the timing is controlled as Ultrasonic propagation time; at the same time, the MCU reserves RS485 interface for data transmission. 5. The monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that the model of the ultrasonic transceiver dedicated chip machine (104) is TDC1011.