CN107323030A - A kind of light metal-based laminar composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a light metal-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, comprising a layered light metal and graphene nanosheets distributed in the layered metal, the light metal-based composite material comprising at least two heterogeneous light metal substrate metal layers and At least one composite layer is alternately arranged, and the composite layer is located between two layers of heterogeneous light metal substrate metal layers; the light metal-based composite material is cold rolled, or warm rolled, or hot rolled, or electroplastically rolled, or It is prepared by the method of warm rolling + electroplastic rolling. The light metal base layer composite material prepared by the method of the invention has higher strength and toughness, and can realize large-scale production of layered composite boards, with simple process and relatively low cost.

Description

A light metal matrix composite material and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to a metal layered composite material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a graphene-enhanced light metal layered composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Metal layered composite material refers to a material formed by the metallurgical combination of two or more metals using material composite technology. The dissimilar metals in the metal layered composite material are distributed in layers, which have better performance than each single metal, forming a composite effect. The metal layered composite material can have special properties by rationally utilizing the combination of different metals, so it has broad application prospects in many special fields.

Magnesium and magnesium alloys are currently one of the lightest metal structural materials in practical applications, with low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good high temperature resistance, wear resistance, shock absorption and other excellent properties. It will be widely used in automobile manufacturing, aerospace, national defense and other fields. However, there are disadvantages such as low strength and elastic modulus, poor formability and corrosion resistance, which limit its large-scale industrial application. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have high strength, good formability and corrosion resistance, and have the characteristics of light weight, good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, beauty and low price, and are widely used in electrical materials, containers and building materials ; Metal titanium has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is widely used in aviation, aerospace and chemical equipment. Combining magnesium and aluminum or magnesium and titanium to prepare a layered composite material, combining the advantages of aluminum and titanium with low density and corrosion resistance makes up for the lack of poor corrosion resistance on the surface of magnesium alloys, and at the same time gives full play to the advantages of light weight and high strength of magnesium alloys , is a structural and functional composite material with development and application prospects. The titanium/aluminum layered composite plate formed by compounding titanium and aluminum has the characteristics of two layers of metal at the same time, giving full play to the advantages of both. It is a light weight, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, high strength , high-quality materials with high rigidity.

At present, the reinforcing phase added to light metal-based matrix composites is mainly nanoparticles, including carbon nanotubes, metal or non-metal oxide particles, and the like. Due to its excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties, graphene has attracted widespread attention in the material industry in recent years. It can be used as a reinforcement in metal matrix composites, which will enhance the performance of light metal matrix composites in all aspects. The preparation methods of light metal-based matrix composites mainly include diffusion bonding, explosive bonding, friction stir welding, channel extrusion, hot pressing and rolling bonding, etc. The previous methods for preparing graphene-added light metal-based composite materials may have uneven distribution of graphene or cannot prepare large-sized plates or the cost is too high, but the rolling composite method can solve the above problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphene-enhanced light metal-based composite material and its preparation method, which can improve the performance of light metal-based composite plates on the one hand, and can realize the performance of large-scale light metal-based composite plates on the other hand. Large-scale, low-cost production.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a light metal layered composite material, comprising layered light metal and graphene nanosheets distributed in the layered metal, characterized in that the light metal layered composite material includes at least two heterogeneous light metal substrate layers and At least one composite layer is arranged alternately, and the composite layer is located between two heterogeneous light metal layers.

Preferably, the light metal-based matrix composite material is characterized in that the light metal is pure magnesium or magnesium alloy, pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, pure titanium or titanium alloy.

Preferably, the light metal-based composite material is characterized in that the graphene nanosheets are single-layer graphene or multi-layer graphene; the thickness of the single-layer light metal substrate is 0.01mm-10mm.

Preferably, the light metal-based composite material is characterized in that the mass percentage of graphene nanosheets in the light metal-based composite material is 3% or less.

Preferably, the light metal-based composite material is characterized in that the composite layer is a composite layer formed by infiltrating heterogeneous light metals into the gaps of graphene nanosheets and compounding with graphene nanosheets.

Preferably, the light metal-based layered composite material is characterized in that the graphene nanosheets are evenly distributed in the composite layer.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a light metal-based matrix composite material, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Treat the surface of two heterogeneous light metal substrates, remove surface oxides and grease, etc., and polish the surface with a wire brush after drying;

Step 2: Add graphene nanosheets into acetone, use ultrasonic equipment to disperse graphene nanosheets evenly in acetone for more than 0.1h, use a spray gun to evenly spray graphene nanosheets onto a light metal substrate in step 1 , and then cover another light metal substrate in step 1 to obtain a composite plate in which graphene nanosheets and two heterogeneous light metal substrates in step 1 are alternately arranged;

Step 3: Fix the composite plate obtained in step 2 with a metal wire, and pre-press it at room temperature on a press for a pressing time of 0.1-10 hours and a pressing pressure of more than 1 ton;

Step 4: Carry out stacking and rolling of the composite plates obtained in Step 3 to form a light metal-based composite material.

Preferably, the method for preparing a light metal-based composite material is characterized in that, after step 4, step 5 is also included: after the composite board in step 4 is annealed, it is cut into two composite boards from the middle position , repeating steps 1 to 4, wherein the graphene nanosheets and heterogeneous light metals are arranged alternately, and step 5 can be repeated as many times as needed, and finally a multilayer light metal-based composite material with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets can be obtained .

Preferably, the method for preparing a light metal-based matrix composite material is characterized in that the rolling method is cold rolling, or warm rolling, or hot rolling, or electroplastic rolling, or warm rolling + electroplastic rolling. Plastic rolling, wherein, the warm rolling temperature of Mg/Al base composite plate is 50-250℃, the temperature of hot rolling is 250-600℃; the warm rolling temperature of Al/Ti based composite plate is 100-350℃, hot rolling The rolling temperature is 350-600°C; the warm rolling temperature of the Mg/Ti-based composite plate is 100-300°C, and the hot rolling temperature is 300-600°C; the hot rolling of the composite plate must be carried out under the protection of an inert gas. The pulse current parameters of plastic rolling are: pulse width 50-300μs, frequency 150-1000Hz, current density amplitude 50-1500A/mm ² .

Preferably, the method for preparing a light metal-based composite material is characterized in that it also includes an annealing process for the original light metal substrate and the light metal-based composite material.

Compared with the existing technology, the light metal-based matrix composite material is coated with graphene nanosheets with excellent performance and subjected to room temperature static pressure on the light metal substrate, and then cold-rolled, warm-rolled, or hot-rolled, or Electroplastic rolling, or warm rolling + electroplastic rolling, forms a layered composite material, and graphene nanosheets are evenly distributed in the composite layer, which solves the problem that graphene nanosheets are not easy to disperse in composite materials. It can realize large-scale production of laminated composite panels with simple process and relatively low cost. At the same time, the alternate arrangement of heterogeneous light metal substrate layers and composite layers improves the strength and toughness of light metal substrate composite materials. The more composite layers, The effect of strengthening and plasticizing the light metal-based matrix composites is more obvious.

detailed description

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the present embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a pure magnesium/pure aluminum layered metal composite material, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Treat the surface of the pure magnesium board and the pure aluminum board, remove surface oxides and grease, etc., and polish the surface with a wire brush after drying to obtain a metal substrate to be processed with a certain roughness; the pure magnesium board and The thickness of pure aluminum plate is 2mm;

Step 2: Add graphene nanosheets into acetone, use ultrasonic equipment to disperse graphene nanosheets evenly in acetone for 2 hours, use a spray gun to evenly spray graphene nanosheets on the pure magnesium plate in step 1, and then Covering the pure aluminum plate in step 1 to obtain a composite plate in which graphene nanosheets are alternately arranged with magnesium plates and aluminum plates in step 1; wherein the graphene nanosheets account for 1.5% of the overall mass percentage of the composite plate;

Step 3: Fix the composite plate obtained in step 2 with a metal wire, and pre-press it at room temperature on a press, the pressing time is 2 hours, and the pressing pressure is 50t;

Step 4: Hot-roll the composite plate obtained in Step 3, the reduction is 85%, the hot-rolling temperature is 400°C, and it is carried out under the protection of an inert gas, finally forming a magnesium/aluminum layered metal with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets composite material.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy/titanium alloy layered metal composite material, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Treat the surface of the aluminum alloy plate and titanium alloy plate to remove surface oxides and grease, etc. After drying, polish the surface with a wire brush to obtain a metal substrate to be processed with a certain roughness; the aluminum alloy plate And the thickness of the titanium alloy plate is 1mm;

Step 2: Add graphene nanosheets into acetone, use ultrasonic equipment to disperse graphene nanosheets evenly in acetone, time 2h, use spray gun to evenly spray graphene nanosheets on the aluminum alloy plate in step 1, and then Covering the titanium alloy plate in step 1 to obtain a composite plate in which graphene nanosheets are alternately arranged with the aluminum alloy plate and titanium alloy plate in step 1; wherein the graphene nanosheet accounts for 1% of the overall mass percentage of the composite plate;

Step 3: Fix the composite plate obtained in step 2 with a metal wire, and pre-press it at room temperature on a press, with a pressing time of 2 hours and a pressing pressure of 60t;

Step 4: Perform electroplastic rolling on the composite plate obtained in step 3 to form a composite plate, wherein the electroplastic rolling reduction is 35%, the pulse width is 80 μs, the frequency is 600 Hz, and the current density amplitude is 1000A/mm ² ;

Step 5: After annealing the composite board in step 4, cut it into two composite boards from the middle position, repeat steps 1 to 4 6 times, in which graphene nanosheets, aluminum substrates and titanium substrates are arranged alternately, plus step 4, 1 time, a total of 7 times of electroplastic rolling to form a multi-layer aluminum/titanium layered metal composite material with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets;

Step 6: Anneal the multilayer composite material formed in step 5. The annealing temperature is 200°C and the annealing time is 2h to eliminate the internal stress of the composite plate and obtain a multilayer aluminum/titanium layered metal with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets composite material.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a method for preparing a magnesium alloy/pure titanium layered metal composite material, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Treat the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and pure titanium plate to remove surface oxides and grease, etc. After drying, polish the surface with a wire brush to obtain a metal substrate to be processed with a certain roughness; the magnesium alloy plate And the thickness of pure titanium plate is 1.5mm;

Step 2: Add the graphene nanosheets into acetone, use ultrasonic equipment to disperse the graphene nanosheets evenly in the acetone for 2 hours, use a spray gun to evenly spray the graphene nanosheets on the magnesium alloy plate in step 1, and then Covering the pure titanium plate in step 1 to obtain a composite plate in which graphene nanosheets are alternately arranged with magnesium alloy plates and pure titanium plates in step 1; wherein the graphene nanosheets account for 1% of the overall mass percentage of the composite plate;

Step 3: Fix the composite plate obtained in step 2 with a metal wire, and pre-press it at room temperature on a press, with a pressing time of 2 hours and a pressing pressure of 80t;

Step 4: Perform warm rolling + electroplastic rolling on the composite plate obtained in step 3 to form a composite plate, wherein the rolling reduction is 35%, the warm rolling temperature is 250°C, the pulse width is 60μs, and the frequency 400Hz, the current density amplitude is 1200A/mm ² ;

Step 5: After annealing the composite board in step 4, cut it into two composite boards from the middle position, repeat steps 1 to 4 8 times, wherein graphene nanosheets, magnesium substrates, and pure titanium sheets are arranged alternately, plus 1 time of step 4 is stacked and rolled a total of 9 times to form a multilayer magnesium/titanium layered metal composite material with evenly distributed graphene nanosheets;

Step 6: Anneal the multilayer composite material formed in step 5. The annealing temperature is 200°C and the annealing time is 2.5h to eliminate the internal stress of the composite plate and obtain a multilayer magnesium/titanium layer with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets. metal composites.

Claims (10)

1. A light metal layered composite material, comprising layered light metal and graphene nanosheets distributed in the layered metal, characterized in that, the light metal layered composite material comprises at least two heterogeneous light metal substrate layers and at least A composite layer is arranged alternately, and the composite layer is located between two heterogeneous light metal layers. 2. The light metal-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the light metal is pure magnesium or magnesium alloy, pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, pure titanium or titanium alloy. 3. The light metal-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the graphene nanosheets are single-layer graphene or multi-layer graphene; the thickness of the single-layer light metal substrate is 0.01mm-10mm. 4. The light metal-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of graphene nanosheets in the light metal-based composite material is 3% or less. 5. The light metal-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the composite layer is a composite layer formed by heterogeneous light metals infiltrating into the gaps of graphene nanosheets and compounding with graphene nanosheets. 6. The light metal-based layered composite material according to claim 5, wherein the graphene nanosheets are evenly distributed in the composite layer. 7. A method for preparing a light metal-based matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Treat the surface of two heterogeneous light metal substrates, remove surface oxides and grease, etc., and polish the surface with a wire brush after drying; Step 2: Add graphene nanosheets into acetone, use ultrasonic equipment to disperse graphene nanosheets evenly in acetone for more than 0.1h, use a spray gun to evenly spray graphene nanosheets onto a light metal substrate in step 1 , and then cover another light metal substrate in step 1 to obtain a composite plate in which graphene nanosheets and two heterogeneous light metal substrates in step 1 are alternately arranged; Step 3: Fix the composite plate obtained in step 2 with a metal wire, and pre-press it at room temperature on a press for a pressing time of 0.1-10 hours and a pressing pressure of more than 1 ton; Step 4: Carry out stacking and rolling of the composite plates obtained in Step 3 to form a light metal-based composite material. 8. A kind of preparation method of light metal-based composite material as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, after described step 4, also comprises step 5: after the composite board of step 4 is annealed, cut from the middle position and be divided into two A composite plate, repeating steps 1 to 4, wherein graphene nanosheets and heterogeneous light metals are alternately arranged, and step 5 can be repeated as many times as needed according to actual needs, and finally a multi-layer light metal base layer with uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets can be obtained shape composite material. 9. The preparation method of a kind of light metal base-layer composite material as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the method of described rolling is cold rolling, or warm rolling, or hot rolling, or electroplastic rolling, or warm rolling. Rolling + electroplastic rolling, wherein, the warm rolling temperature of the Mg/Al based composite plate is 50-250°C, the hot rolling temperature is 250-600°C; the warm rolling temperature of the Al/Ti based composite plate is 100-350°C ℃, the hot rolling temperature is 350-600 ℃; the warm rolling temperature of Mg/Ti based composite plate is 100-300 ℃, and the hot rolling temperature is 300-600 ℃; the hot rolling of the composite plate must be under the protection of inert gas To carry out, the pulse current parameters of electroplastic rolling are as follows: pulse width is 50-300 μs, frequency is 150-1000 Hz, and current density amplitude is 50-1500 A/mm ² . 10. A method for preparing a light metal-based composite material as claimed in claim 7, further comprising an annealing process for the original light metal substrate and the light metal-based composite material.