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CN107301882A - A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus - Google Patents

A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107301882A
CN107301882A CN201710439932.XA CN201710439932A CN107301882A CN 107301882 A CN107301882 A CN 107301882A CN 201710439932 A CN201710439932 A CN 201710439932A CN 107301882 A CN107301882 A CN 107301882A
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mirror
magnetic
nuclear fusion
machine part
magnetic field
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CN107301882B (en
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孙旭阳
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21BFUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/05Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
    • G21B1/057Tokamaks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21BFUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/05Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
    • G21B1/052Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement reversed field configuration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21BFUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/05Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
    • G21B1/055Stellarators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus, it, which constrains hot plasma device, includes mirror machine part and circular magnetic confinement device part, it is characterized in that mirror machine part is located at the centre of constraint hot plasma device, mirror machine part is the magnetic mirror of hollow cylindrical structure, or be multiple monomer column magnetic mirror, and it is circumferentially evenly distributed, circular magnetic confinement device part is located at the two ends of constraint hot plasma device, mirror machine part causes high-temperature plasma is connected to be integrally formed described dumbbell structure with circular magnetic confinement device portion packet combining.The present invention is a kind of a kind of effective, simple in construction, the with low cost dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus of magnetic confinement.

Description

A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to controllable nuclear fusion field, specifically a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus.
Background technology
Nuclear fusion is the basic hope for solving mankind energy problem.Its major advantage:One is abundant, according to measuring and calculating, every liter of sea Containing 0.03 gram of deuterium in water, contained deuterium, discharges after nuclear fusion can provide equivalent to 300 liters gasoline combustions in 1 liter of seawater The energy gone out.Only just there are 45,000,000,000,000 tons of deuteriums on the earth in the seawater.It can be described as the inexhaustible energy.Two be cleaning, because It will not produce the radioactive substance of pollution environment, so being a kind of clean energy resource.Three be safety, and controlled nuclear fusion reaction can be Constantly stablize in thin gas and carry out, it is fool proof.The two big approach for realizing controllable nuclear fusion are respectively magnetic confinement and used Property constraint, magnetic confinement is more expected.Most representative magnetic confinement method is magnetic mirror, " tokamak " and stellarator respectively. Their cardinal principle and problem be respectively:
1st, magnetic mirror (Magnetic Mirror) is the straight tube magnetic field configuration that a kind of centre is weak, two ends are strong.Revolved when around the magnetic line of force When the particle entered is entered the high magnetic field area at two ends by weak magnetic place, it will be acted on by an opposite force.This power forces grain The speed of son slows down, and track pitch shortens, and is largely reflected back, and the particle reflected back is reached behind tube center region, again Be threadingly advanced to the other end, up to port after again be reflected back.Particle roundtrip between two mirrors just as light, so claiming Be magnetic mirror.Magnetic mirror is as earliest magnetic confinement controllable nuclear fusion apparatus, and advantage is that magnetic field is straight, simple in construction, steady-state operation, β value is high.But the loss of particle port is serious, it is impossible to which effective constraint, although taking the modes such as tandem magnetic mirror, effect is still very Difference.
2nd, tokamak (Tokamak):Tokamak is the current magnetic confinement controllable nuclear fusion apparatus for obtaining best effects. Tokamak is lost in simple annular shape, therefore portless.Tokamak produces magnetic field mainly by powerful plasma current, with Externally-applied magnetic field is superimposed, so that the spiral magnetic line of plasma can be constrained by producing.Resistance winding is used to produce, set up and maintain Gas ions electric current;Poloidal magnetic field control Plasma cross section shape and position balance that poloidal coil is produced;Toroidal field coil The toroidal magnetic field of generation ensures macroscopical resistance to overturning of plasma;Additional toroidal magnetic field, poloidal magnetic field, resistance winding magnetic Field constitutes magnetic line of force rotation transformation and magnetic surface structure nesting magnetic together with the poloidal magnetic field that plasma current itself is produced Position shape constrains plasma.Meanwhile, plasma current also carries out Ohmic heating to itself.Tokamak be at present most into The controllable nuclear fusion apparatus of work(, " triple product " is 10000 times of magnetic mirror, 50 times of stellarator.But leave the reality of controllable nuclear fusion Now there is more than ten times of gap, it is prior due to its complicated magnetic field configuration and control, no matter build or operating cost pole Its is high.ITER in construction(ITER)500 megawatts of power are exported, and cost is beautiful from original scheme 10,000,000,000 Member rises to more than 200 hundred million dollars.
3rd, stellarator (stellarator):Plasma is the distortion magnetic induction line produced using outside magnetic coil to inside The plasma of operation enters row constraint, and longitudinal magnetic field and poloidal magnetic field are all provided by external coil completely, thus in theory it Operation can be without plasma current.Therefore the unstability much brought due to CURRENT DISTRIBUTION can be avoided, this is it A major advantage.But current binding effect is much worse than tokamak, also due to its complicated magnetic field configuration, manufacture is multiple It is miscellaneous, it is with high costs.
Other do not possess the condition challenged with tokamak still such as counter field, field antiposition shape, Z constrictions fusion.
Therefore, in the urgent need to a kind of magnetic confinement effectively, control is simple, controllable nuclear fusion apparatus particularly with low cost.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at above-mentioned technical problem, with reference to annular magnetics such as magnetic mirror and tokamak and stellarators The advantage of restraint device, proposes a kind of a kind of effective, simple in construction, the with low cost dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion of magnetic confinement Device.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus, it constrains high-temperature plasma dress Put including mirror machine part and circular magnetic confinement device part, it is characterised in that mirror machine part be located at constraint high temperature etc. from The centre of daughter device, mirror machine part is the magnetic mirror of hollow cylindrical structure, or is multiple monomer column magnetic mirror, and around circle Week is evenly distributed, and circular magnetic confinement device part is located at the two ends of constraint hot plasma device, mirror machine part and ring Shape magnetic confinement device portion packet combining causes high-temperature plasma connection to be integrally formed described dumbbell structure;The magnetic mirror The external magnetic field of device part and circular magnetic confinement device part is provided by the electric current of exterior loop;Circular magnetic confinement device part Toroidal magnetic field intensity is more than the magnetic field intensity of mirror machine part, and high-temperature plasma is mainly constrained on mirror machine part In, the high-temperature plasma particle of the port loss of mirror machine part two is by the stronger ring magnetic in circular magnetic confinement device part Stop, detoured in circular magnetic confinement device and be constantly reflected back toward magnetic mirror;When reaching steady operational status, circular magnetic confinement Plasma density of the plasma density of device part less than mirror machine part and maintenance, controllable nuclear fusion reaction are main Carried out in mirror machine part.
Further, above-mentioned mirror machine part has the strong straight magnetic field configuration in middle weak, two ends.
Further, above-mentioned mirror machine part has the similar spiral based on the strong straight magnetic field configuration in middle weak, two ends Magnetic field configuration.
Further, the hollow cylinder mirror machine be the cylinder large radius of cylinder magnetic mirror outer wall and cylinder it is small High-temperature plasma is accommodated between the inwall of radius.
Further, each described column mirror machine is that high-temperature plasma is accommodated in cylinder.
Further, the magnetic confinement device part of shape can be tokamak, stellarator, counter field fusion facility in a ring In one kind;It is preferred that tokamak.
A kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus of the present invention has as follows compared with existing controllable nuclear fusion technology Significant advantage:
(1)Major constraints are mirror machine part and portless is lost.This method has that straight mirror machine magnetic field is straight, structure is simple List, steady-state operation, the advantage that β value is high, cost is low, while preventing port to lose.Effectively stopped by two ends toroidal magnetic field The port loss of particle, and cause particle to form closed orbit in whole device system, realize operative constraint.
(2)Plant investment cost is significantly less than existing circular magnetic confinement device.The cost reduction of this method mainly passes through Two kinds of approach are realized.On the one hand increase the volume of mirror machine part;On the other hand reduce circular magnetic confinement device grade from Daughter density.Because the length of mirror machine is not limited in theory, the volume of plasma ratio of mirror machine part is set The volume of plasma of circular magnetic confinement device part is much larger, thus can be most of with the mirror machine constraint of low cost Plasma.With simple tokamak compared with stellarator, although also there are circular magnetic confinement device, ring in two ends of the present invention Shape magnetic confinement device only serves the effect of port block.Circular magnetic confinement device magnetic field intensity is set to be more than mirror machine simultaneously Annular magnetic can be greatly reduced about well below the plasma density of mirror machine in magnetic field intensity, its plasma density The cost of bundle device part.Therefore by the combination based on linear with annular, controllable nuclear fusion reaction is main in mirror machine It is middle to carry out, greatly reduce installation cost.For example, the plasma averag density ratio of circular magnetic confinement device can be caused Small 1 ~ 2 order of magnitude of plasma averag density of mirror machine, while so that the volume of plasma ratio of mirror machine part The volume of plasma of circular magnetic confinement device part is big 5 ~ 500 times.
(3)The major part of controllable nuclear fusion reaction is carried out in mirror machine, therefore the overall magnetic field configuration of system is straight, Stability is strong, and control is simple, and operating cost is low.
Therefore, a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus of the invention, has the annular magnetics such as magnetic mirror and tokamak concurrently The advantage of restraint assembly, is a kind of a kind of effective, simple in construction, the with low cost dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion dress of magnetic confinement Put.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that centre is a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion that hollow cylindrical structure magnetic mirror two ends are tokamak Apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that centre is a kind of dumbbell shaped that multiple circumferentially evenly distributed monomer column magnetic mirror two ends are tokamak Structure-controllable nuclear fusion device structural representation.
Fig. 3 is that the hollow cylindrical structure magnetic mirror two ends that centre is gap are a kind of dumbbell structure of tokamak Controllable nuclear fusion apparatus structural representation.
Drawing reference numeral is as follows:
1st, tokamak;2nd, tokamak toroidal field coil;3rd, hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror;4th, magnetic mirror magnetic plug;5th, additional lines Enclose joint;6th, column magnetic mirror;7th, breach constraint coil magnetic mirror port intensifier coil;8th, the hollow cylinder magnetic mirror of gap;9 breach Constrain coil magnetic mirror longitudinal restraint coil.
Embodiment
By embodiment, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment one:
As shown in figure 1, being hollow cylindrical mirror machine 3 in the middle of a kind of, two ends are tokamak, and 1 dumbbell structure is controllable Nuclear fusion device includes:The tokamak 1 of two end portions, toroidal magnetic field B is produced by toroidal field coil 2;Center section it is hollow Cylindric magnetic mirror 3, the magnetic field B of hollow cylindrical magnetic mirrorzProduced by the opposite magnetic mirror magnetic plug 4 of a pair of inside and outside wall senses of current Raw, the remainder and routine of device are not different from.
The large radius R of tokamak 1=8m, minor radius r=3m, Plasma Center magnetic field intensity Bθ=8T;Hollow cylindrical magnetic The large radius R* of mirror 3=8m, minor radius r*=4m, length Lz=300m, the two ends highest magnetic field B of hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror 3z max=6T, it is empty Weakest magnetic field B in the middle of heart cylindrical shape magnetic mirror 3z min=2.9T;The insertion tokamak 1 of hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror 3 and and tokamak 1 connection;But because hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror 3 cut the toroidal field coil 2 of tokamak 1 so that toroidal field coil 2 blocks in support Loop can not be formed around mark 1, additional coils joint 5 need to be increased;By above-mentioned means, plasma obtains constraining simultaneously So that fusion reaction is able to lasting progress.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Fig. 2 it is the mute of tokamak 1 that a kind of centre, which is multiple circumferentially evenly distributed two ends of monomer column magnetic mirror 6, Bell-shaped structure-controllable nuclear fusion device includes:The tokamak 1 of two end portions, toroidal magnetic field BθProduced by toroidal field coil 2;In Between part multiple rounded equally distributed monomer column magnetic mirror 6, magnetic mirror magnetic field BzProduced by magnetic mirror magnetic plug 4, device Remainder and conventional not different from.
The large radius R of tokamak 1=10m, minor radius r=4m, Plasma Center magnetic field intensity Bθ=11T, toroidal field coil 2 totally 20 simultaneously;There are 20 column magnetic mirror 5 center section, is uniformly inserted per between toroidal field coil 2 in the lump in tokamak 1 respectively Enter and connected with tokamak 1, the two ends highest magnetic field B of column magnetic mirror 5z max=9.5T, the middle weakest magnetic field B of column magnetic mirror 5z min =3.5T, the plasma cross-section product of each column magnetic mirror 5 is 4m2, the length L of column magnetic mirror 5z=350m;By above-mentioned means, etc. Gas ions are constrained and so that fusion reaction is able to lasting progress.
Embodiment three:
As shown in figure 3, a kind of centre is the hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror 8 of gap and two ends are dumbbell that tokamak 1 is combined into Shape structure-controllable nuclear fusion device includes:The tokamak 1 of two end portions, toroidal magnetic field BθProduced by toroidal field coil 2;It is middle The hollow cylindrical magnetic mirror 8 of gap, magnetic mirror magnetic field BzProduced by the opposite magnetic mirror magnetic plug 4 of a pair of inside and outside wall senses of current Raw, the remainder and routine of device are not different from.
The large radius R of tokamak 1=8m, minor radius r=3m, Plasma Center magnetic field intensity Bθ=9T;Gap it is hollow The large radius R* of cylinder magnetic mirror 8=7.3m, minor radius r*=3m, the length L of magnetic mirror 8z=280m, the two ends highest magnetic field B of magnetic mirror 8z max= 8.5T, the middle weakest magnetic field B of magnetic mirror 8z min=4.1T;Insertion tokamak 1 is simultaneously connected, the open circles of gap with tokamak 1 Cylinder magnetic mirror 8 with the connectivity part necking down of tokamak 1;The present embodiment causes toroidal field coil 2 to block in support by way of gap The surrounding of mark 1 formation loop;Simultaneously in indentation, there respectively plus breach constraint loop A magnetic mirror port intensifier coil 7 with lacking Mouth constraint coil B magnetic mirror longitudinal restraints coil 9, to control the position shape in magnetic field;By above-mentioned means, plasma obtains constraining simultaneously So that fusion reaction is able to lasting progress.
Example IV:
A kind of centre is that the dumbbell structure that multiple rounded equally distributed monomer film column magnetic mirror two ends are tokamak can Control nuclear fusion device includes:The stellarator device of two end portions, the mirror machine of center section, magnetic mirror magnetic field BzBy magnetic mirror spiral shell Pipeline circle is produced, and the remainder and routine of device are not different from.
Stellarator total length 50m, Plasma Center magnetic field intensity 10.5T, toroidal field coil 20 is simultaneously;Center section has 10 Individual column magnetic mirror, uniform between stellarator every two and toroidal field coil respectively to insert and connected with stellarator, magnetic mirror two ends are most Highfield Bz maxWeakest magnetic field B in the middle of=9.5T, magnetic mirrorz min=3.5T, the plasma cross-section of every magnetic mirror major part, which is accumulated, is 5m2, magnetic mirror length Lz=200m;By above-mentioned means, plasma is constrained and so that fusion reaction is able to lasting progress.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus, it, which constrains hot plasma device, includes mirror machine part and ring Shape magnetic confinement device part, it is characterised in that mirror machine part is located at the centre of constraint hot plasma device, magnetic mirror dress The magnetic mirror that part is hollow cylindrical structure is put, or for multiple monomer column magnetic mirror, and circumferentially evenly distributed, circular magnetic confinement Device part is located at the two ends of constraint hot plasma device, mirror machine part and circular magnetic confinement device portion packet combining So that high-temperature plasma connection is integrally formed described dumbbell structure;The mirror machine part and circular magnetic confinement dress The external magnetic field for putting part is provided by the electric current of exterior loop;The toroidal magnetic field intensity of circular magnetic confinement device part is filled more than magnetic mirror The magnetic field intensity of part is put, high-temperature plasma is mainly constrained in mirror machine part, the port of mirror machine part two The high-temperature plasma particle of loss is stopped by the stronger toroidal magnetic field in circular magnetic confinement device part, in circular magnetic confinement device In detour and be constantly reflected back toward magnetic mirror;When reaching steady operational status, the plasma density of circular magnetic confinement device part Plasma density and maintenance less than mirror machine part, controllable nuclear fusion reaction is main to be carried out in mirror machine part.
2. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mirror machine Part has the strong straight magnetic field configuration in middle weak, two ends.
3. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mirror machine Part has the similar spiral magnetic field configuration based on the strong straight magnetic field configuration in middle weak, two ends.
4. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described hollow Cylinder mirror machine be accommodated between the outer wall of the cylinder large radius of cylinder magnetic mirror and the inwall of cylinder minor radius high temperature etc. from Daughter.
5. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each described column Mirror machine is that high-temperature plasma is accommodated in cylinder.
6. a kind of dumbbell structure controllable nuclear fusion apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shape in a ring Magnetic confinement device part can be tokamak, stellarator, one kind in counter field fusion facility;It is preferred that tokamak.
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Cited By (7)

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CN111566755A (en) * 2017-12-08 2020-08-21 托卡马克能量有限公司 Bipolar field coil
CN112036025A (en) * 2020-08-27 2020-12-04 西南交通大学 Optimization method of star simulator coil structure
CN112992385A (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-06-18 西南交通大学 Design method of quasi-ring symmetric star simulator magnetic field configuration
CN113035380A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-25 安徽理工大学 Pop-up divertor probe system for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device
CN114429827A (en) * 2022-04-07 2022-05-03 西南交通大学 Multi-dimensional rotating line star simulator coil fixing system and design method thereof
CN115798740A (en) * 2022-02-13 2023-03-14 吴谞冠 A Magnetically Confined Nuclear Fusion Reactor Vessel
CN117524511A (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-02-06 陕西星环聚能科技有限公司 Reflux coil assembly and toroidal field coil structure

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111566755A (en) * 2017-12-08 2020-08-21 托卡马克能量有限公司 Bipolar field coil
CN111566755B (en) * 2017-12-08 2023-11-07 托卡马克能量有限公司 bipolar field coil
CN112036025A (en) * 2020-08-27 2020-12-04 西南交通大学 Optimization method of star simulator coil structure
CN112036025B (en) * 2020-08-27 2022-04-12 西南交通大学 A method for optimizing the coil structure of a stellarator
CN113035380A (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-25 安徽理工大学 Pop-up divertor probe system for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device
CN113035380B (en) * 2021-02-25 2024-01-26 安徽理工大学 Pop-up divertor probe system for magnetically confined nuclear fusion device
CN112992385A (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-06-18 西南交通大学 Design method of quasi-ring symmetric star simulator magnetic field configuration
CN112992385B (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-08-03 西南交通大学 A design method for the magnetic field configuration of a quasi-ring symmetrical stellarator
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CN115798740A (en) * 2022-02-13 2023-03-14 吴谞冠 A Magnetically Confined Nuclear Fusion Reactor Vessel
CN114429827B (en) * 2022-04-07 2022-06-07 西南交通大学 A stellarator coil fixing system
CN114429827A (en) * 2022-04-07 2022-05-03 西南交通大学 Multi-dimensional rotating line star simulator coil fixing system and design method thereof
CN117524511A (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-02-06 陕西星环聚能科技有限公司 Reflux coil assembly and toroidal field coil structure
CN117524511B (en) * 2024-01-04 2024-04-05 陕西星环聚能科技有限公司 Reflux coil assembly and toroidal field coil structure

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