CN107301678A - A kind of three-dimensional modeling method of geological mass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method of a geological block, which includes: given a geological block model to be modeled and a geometric description of a spatial fissure surface; track and obtain edges; edge regularization processing, use boundary operators and search to form directed rings, and form directed surfaces based on the judgment of the attributes of directed rings and the inclusion relationship between directed rings; directed Surface regularization processing, using boundary operators and searching to form directed shells, based on the judgment of the attributes of directed shells and the judgment of the inclusion relationship between directed shells to form directed bodies; block the formed directed bodies Topology checks and block volume sum checks. The present invention does not need to introduce any artificial assumptions and is completely based on the characteristics of the actual geological structural surface to form geological blocks with arbitrary complex space, which has important application value in engineering practice and has positive theoretical significance for the development of numerical methods of discontinuous medium mechanics .

Description

A 3D Modeling Method for Geological Blocks

technical field

The invention relates to a geological block realized based on a three-dimensional geological modeling technology, in particular to a three-dimensional modeling method for a complex geological block, and belongs to the technical field of numerical calculation and analysis of discontinuous medium mechanics in rock mass engineering.

Background technique

During the entire geological history period of its formation and evolution, the rock mass medium forms a complex geological shape after undergoing various complex and uneven geological actions. From the perspective of macroscopic geological structure, rock mass can be regarded as a block system cut by several spatial geological structure planes.

At present, methods of discontinuous medium mechanics such as discrete element method and discontinuous deformation analysis all take the discrete block system as the research object, and regard the rock mass as a complex spatial rock block aggregate cut by several spatial structural planes. However, due to the very complex topographic and geological conditions in nature, even if the topographic and geological conditions of the rock mass are simplified, it is impossible to manually divide the blocks like dealing with two-dimensional problems. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a three-dimensional model of complex geological blocks. modeling method.

In 1983, P.M.Warburton proposed a method of block subdivision using an infinite plane, but this method cannot represent the complex block shape of the rock mass, and the generated blocks can only be limited to convex bodies, which is different from The specific conditions of geological blocks in actual engineering do not match. Later, many scholars began to study the three-dimensional modeling of complex geological blocks by assuming that the fracture surface is a finite-sized spatial polygon (or circle), starting from the three aspects of algebraic topological homology, vector and directed graph theory, although The starting angles are different, but basically what is realized is the 3D modeling of geological blocks of general nature.

From the actual implementation, it can be found that many of the above methods either only give rigorous mathematical theories but do not give specific algorithms for programmable realization, or introduce some artificial intervention items or lack necessary regularization processing, resulting in complex blocks. The modeling process is incomplete, or a complete and operable judgment criterion has not been proposed to verify the completeness and accuracy of 3D modeling of complex geological blocks.

It can be seen that it is an urgent problem to be solved to develop a method that can solve the above-mentioned problems in 3D modeling of geological blocks, especially complex geological blocks.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional modeling method for geological blocks, which can quickly and accurately perform three-dimensional modeling on geological blocks, especially complex geological blocks, and the constructed three-dimensional model can truly reflect the geological blocks actual structure.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A three-dimensional modeling method of a geological block is characterized in that it comprises the steps of:

1) Given the geological block model to be modeled and the geometric description of the spatial fracture surface;

2) For the geological block model to be modeled, obtain the traces formed between the upper boundary surface and the boundary surface, between the fracture surface and the fracture surface, and between the boundary surface and the fracture surface, and then obtain the boundary surface and the fracture surface the edge formed on

3) After the edge is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the loop search criteria to form a directed ring, and form a directed surface based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed ring and the inclusion relationship between the directed rings;

4) After the directed surface is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the space shell search criteria to form a directed shell, and form a directed body based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed shell and the inclusion relationship between the directed shells ;

5) Check the topology of each formed directed body and check the sum of block volume to judge whether each formed directed body can constitute the geological block model to be modeled: if it can be formed, the 3D modeling is successful and end.

The advantages of the present invention are:

The invention regards the geological block as a directed composite shape, based on the topological properties of the closed surface, after regularization processing, using the boundary operator and combining with the corresponding search criteria to carry out relevant inclusion judgments to realize the three-dimensional block modeling, the modeling efficiency High, the accuracy and completeness of the built model are high, and the modeling success rate is high.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the implementation of the three-dimensional modeling method of the present invention.

Figure 2 is the initial shape diagram of the fracture surface.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory schematic diagram of the maximum right-turn angle criterion for loop search.

Figure 4a and Figure 4b are schematic diagrams of the inner ring and the outer ring, respectively.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory schematic diagram of searching for a maximum right-turn angle criterion in a space shell.

Figure 6a and Figure 6b are schematic diagrams of the outer shell and the inner shell, respectively.

Fig. 7 is an example diagram of the finite element model.

Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are schematic diagrams of polygons (indicated by thick solid lines) corrected by fracture surfaces.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the result after edge regularization processing.

Fig. 12a is an explanatory diagram of a loop search forming a directed loop 1 (inner loop).

Fig. 12b is an explanatory diagram of a loop search forming a directed loop 2 (inner loop).

Fig. 12c is an explanatory diagram of a loop search forming a directed loop 3 (outer loop).

Fig. 12d is an explanatory diagram of a loop search forming a directed loop 4 (inner loop).

Fig. 13a is an explanatory diagram of searching for a space shell formed with an orientation shell 1 (inner shell indicated by a thick solid line).

Fig. 13b is an explanatory view of searching for a space shell formed with a directed shell 2 (inner shell indicated by a thick solid line).

Fig. 13c is an explanatory view of searching for a space shell formed with a directed shell 3 (inner shell indicated by a thick solid line).

detailed description

As a three-dimensional block, it can be characterized from topological information and geometric information, among which: geometric information refers to the spatial position of the three-dimensional block, which is represented by the spatial coordinates of its corner points; topological information refers to the relationship between the constituent elements, The constituent elements are directed volumes, directed shells, directed faces, directed rings, directed edges and corners.

For a three-dimensional block, it can be regarded as a directed body, which is composed of an inner shell and several outer shells, and it is a non-empty, bounded, continuous, and closed subset of a three-dimensional space ^R3 , whose boundary is the union of several directed shells. A directed shell is a finite space enclosed by several directed faces. It is a non-empty, bounded, continuous and closed subset of the three-dimensional space R ³ , and its boundary is the union of several directed faces. A directed surface is a non-empty, bounded, continuous and closed subset composed of an inner ring and several outer rings in the three-dimensional space R ³ , and its boundary is the union of several directed rings. A directed ring is a closed boundary on a space plane composed of several ordered and directed edges. Each edge in the ring cannot intersect itself, and two adjacent directed edges share a corner point. A directed edge has two corners and has directionality. A corner is the intersection of non-collinear directed edges or the intersection of non-coplanar directed faces.

As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block that the present invention proposes comprises the following steps:

1) Given the geological block model to be modeled and the geometric description of the spatial fracture surface;

2) For the geological block model to be modeled, obtain the traces formed between the upper boundary surface and the boundary surface, between the fracture surface and the fracture surface, and between the boundary surface and the fracture surface, and then obtain the boundary surface and the fracture surface the edge formed on

3) After the edge is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the loop search criteria to form a directed ring, and form a directed surface based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed ring and the inclusion relationship between the directed rings;

4) After the directed surface is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the space shell search criteria to form a directed shell, and form a directed body based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed shell and the inclusion relationship between the directed shells ;

5) Check the topology of each formed directed body and check the sum of block volume to judge whether each formed directed body can constitute the geological block model to be modeled: if it can be formed, the 3D modeling is successful and end; if it cannot be constructed, the 3D modeling fails and starts again.

In step 1):

The geological block model to be modeled is a concave or convex simply connected polyhedron in any space. The geometric description of the geological block model to be modeled can be expressed by a piecewise linear compound, which includes two parts: one part is Geometric information, represented by the spatial coordinates of the corner points; the other part is topological information, represented by the point sequence of the closed loop (going counterclockwise) on each boundary surface of the geological block model to be modeled;

On the basis of assuming that the initial shape of the fracture surface is a regular polygon inscribed in a circle (as shown in Figure 2), it is corrected according to whether the extension of the fracture surface is constrained by other fracture surfaces: The initial shape of the fracture surface is corrected to the corresponding irregular polygon; otherwise, if it is not constrained, the fracture surface is directly represented by the initial shape.

In the present invention, the correction of the initial shape of the fracture surface is a well-known technique in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

In actual design, step 2) includes the following steps:

2-1) Intersection calculations are performed between boundary surfaces and boundary surfaces, between crack surfaces and crack surfaces, and between crack surfaces and boundary surfaces to obtain intersecting line segments, which are recorded as traces;

2-2) Perform pairwise intersection operations on the traces to obtain the edges formed on the boundary surfaces and fracture surfaces.

In actual design, step 3) includes the following steps:

3-1) regularize the edges (known technology), to delete the isolated edges and "dangling" edges on each fracture surface and each boundary surface;

3-2) Treat the edge as a directed edge, use a boundary operator (known technology) for each directed edge, and search the maximum right-turn angle criterion according to the loop (other forms of loop search criteria can also be used) Carry out space loop search to form a space loop, which is recorded as a directed ring;

3-3) Determine the attributes of the directed ring generated in 3-2): whether each directed ring is an inner ring or an outer ring, to form an inner ring set and an outer ring set, wherein the inner ring is a directed ring with an inner domain Ring (as shown in Figure 4a), the outer ring is a directed ring with an outer domain (as shown in Figure 4b);

3-4) select any point in the outer domain of each outer ring as its feature point;

3-5) Perform the following traversal on all the inner rings in the inner ring set to obtain the mutual inclusion relationship between the inner ring and the outer ring: based on an inner ring in the inner ring set, execute all the outer rings in the outer ring set The traversal operation judges the inclusion relationship between the inner ring and each outer ring by whether the feature points of each outer ring belong to the inner ring, which can be regarded as the inclusion relationship judgment between points and polygons;

3-6) In view of the fact that the oriented surface is composed of an inner ring and only one inner ring and several outer rings, according to the inclusion relationship between the inner ring and the outer ring, on each crack surface and each boundary surface Generate directed faces.

In the present invention, the loop search maximum right-turn angle criterion in step 3-2) refers to:

A) Take any oriented edge on any edge or crack surface and any corner point on this oriented edge as the current oriented edge and current corner point respectively, then make a fist along the right hand, with the thumb facing the currently searched oriented surface ( The normal vector of the boundary surface or fracture surface) In the direction pointed by the other four fingers, rotate around the current corner point (considered as a counterclockwise rotation, as shown in Figure 3) the current directed edge to find the directed edge that forms the largest angle with the current directed edge , so that the found directed edge is used as the new current directed edge and the corner point on the found directed edge that is different from the corner point used in the previous loop search is used as the new current corner point for the next step Loop search, continue loop search in this way until no directed edge forming the maximum angle can be found, thus forming a directed ring;

B) Repeat step A) until all the directed edges on the currently searched boundary surface or fracture surface are traversed (in other words, if the current search is a boundary surface, then by repeatedly executing step A) to solve this problem All directed edges on the boundary surface have been traversed and searched, if the current search is a cracked surface, then step A) is repeated to complete all directed edges on the cracked surface);

C) Steps B) and C) are repeated until all boundary surfaces and all fracture surfaces have been subjected to the loop search, and the entire loop search ends.

In the present invention, the maximum right-turn angle criterion followed in the loop search process is further described as follows:

As shown in Figure 3, set the directed edge The next directed edge of the space loop may be n is a positive integer greater than 1, set and The right turn angle formed between is θ _i :

like

like

In the above formula:

is the normal vector of the directed face where all directed edges are located (directed face currently searched).

Calculate each possible directed edge according to the above formulas 1) and 2) and The right turn angle formed between (fist along the right hand, thumb facing the normal vector The pointed direction is the direction pointed by the other four fingers, and the angle formed by rotating with the corner point O as the center) θ _i , so as to determine the maximum right turning angle θ _max =max(θ ₁ , θ ₂ ,..., θ _n )= θ _k , then θ _k , that is, the directed edge corresponding to θ _max The current directed edge to search for next loop.

As shown in Figure 3, the directed edge shown in the figure and form the maximum right-turn angle, so that the directed edge is the current directed edge searched for the next cycle, and the directed edge Another corner point different from the corner point O is used as the current corner point of the next loop search.

In the actual design, the judgment criterion of the directed ring attribute is:

According to the directed area of the directed ring to judge whether it is positive or negative:

when , the directed ring is the inner ring;

when , the directed ring is the outer ring;

Where: the directed area of the directed ring Use the following formula 3) to find:

In formula 3):

is the directed area of the directed ring;

n is the number of corner points forming a directed ring, and n is a positive integer greater than 1;

x _k , y _k are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the kth corner point forming the directed ring.

In actual design, step 4) includes the following steps:

4-1) Carry out regularization processing (known technology) to directed face, to delete isolated directed face and " dangling " directed face;

4-2) Utilize the boundary operator (known technology) for each directional surface, and carry out the space shell search according to the space shell search maximum right-turn angle criterion (other forms of space shell search criteria can also be used) to form a directed shell ;

4-3) Determine the properties of the directed shell produced in 4-2): whether each directed shell is an inner shell or an outer shell to form an inner shell set and an outer shell set, wherein the inner shell is a directed shell with an inner domain ( As shown in Figure 6b), the shell is a directed shell with an outer domain (as shown in Figure 6a);

4-4) Select any point in the outer domain of each shell as its feature point;

4-5) Perform the following traversal on all the inner shells in the inner shell set to obtain the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and the outer shell: based on an inner shell in the inner shell set, perform a traversal operation on all the outer shells in the outer shell set , judge the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and each outer shell by whether the feature points of each outer shell belong to the inner shell, which can be regarded as the inclusion relationship judgment between the point and the polyhedron;

4-6) In view of the fact that the directed body is composed of one inner shell and only one inner shell and several outer shells, the directed body is generated according to the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and the outer shell.

In the present invention, the space shell search maximum right-turn angle criterion in step 4-2) refers to:

A) Take any oriented surface and any oriented edge above it as the current oriented surface and current oriented edge respectively, then hold the current oriented edge with the right hand, and when the thumb faces the direction pointed by the current oriented edge, the other four Refers to the direction of rotation (considered as anti-clockwise rotation), to find the directed face that has the common current directed edge and forms the largest angle with the current directed face, so that the found directed face is used as the new current directed face and take the oriented edge on this oriented surface that is different from the oriented edge used in the previous space shell search as the new current oriented edge to carry out the next space shell search, and continue the space shell search in this way until All oriented edges on the oriented surface searched by the space shell are traversed and no oriented surface forming the largest angle can be found, thus forming a directed shell;

B) Step A) is repeated until all directed faces and all directed edges on each directed face are traversed, and the search for the entire space shell ends.

In the present invention, the maximum right-turn angle criterion followed in the space shell search process is further described as follows:

As shown in Figure 5, the set space has searched for the directed surface by a directed edge of As the current directed edge, with has a common edge The next directed face of may be n is a positive integer greater than 1, set and The right turn angle formed between (hold the common side along the right hand thumbs towards common side The angle formed by the rotation of the other four fingers in the pointed direction) is θ _i :

like

like

In the above formula:

for The outer normal vector of ;

for The outer normal vector of .

According to the above formulas 4) and 5), each possible directional surface can be obtained and The right-turn angle θ _i formed between them, so as to determine the maximum right-turn angle θ _max = _max (θ ₁ , θ ₂ ,..., θ _n ) = θ _k , then θ _k , that is, the directional noodle as the current oriented face to be searched for in the next space shell, and the oriented face up is different from the directed edge Any directed edge of is used as the current directed edge for the next space shell search.

As shown in Figure 5, the oriented face shown in the figure and The maximum right-turn angle is formed between them, so that the directed face as the current oriented face for the next space shell search, and then select the oriented face divide by directed edge Any directed edge other than is used as the current directed edge for the next space shell search.

In actual design, the criteria for judging directed shell properties are:

Directed volume according to directed shell to judge whether it is positive or negative:

when , the directed shell is the inner shell;

when , the directed shell is the shell;

where: the directed volume of the directed shell Adopt following formula 6) to obtain:

In formula 6):

is the directed volume of the directed shell;

s is the number of directed faces that make up the directed shell;

n(i) is the number of corner points forming the i-th directed surface;

is the three-dimensional coordinates of the kth corner point on the i-th directed surface.

In actual design, step 5) includes the following steps:

5-1) Check the block topology for each directed body based on whether it satisfies the following formula 7) to ensure the accuracy of block search:

N _v +N _f -N _e =2·(N _b -N _h ) 7)

In formula 7):

N _v is the total number of corner points that make up the directed body;

N _f is the total number of directed faces that make up the directed body;

N _e is the total number of edges (directed edges) forming the directed body;

N _b is the total number of directed shells that make up the directed body;

N _h is the total number of holes that make up the directed body.

In actual implementation, if the directed body satisfies Equation 7), its modeling is successful; otherwise, modeling fails and starts again.

5-2) Check the sum of block volume based on whether the sum of all directed bodies satisfies the following formula 8) to ensure the completeness of block search:

∑ _i V(B _i )=V(T) 8)

In the above formula:

V(B _i ) is the volume of the i-th directed body B _i , i is a positive integer greater than 1;

V(T) is the volume of the geological block model T to be modeled.

In actual implementation, if the sum of all directed bodies satisfies formula 8), the 3D modeling is successful and ends, and the purpose of 3D modeling of the entire geological block model is realized; otherwise, the 3D modeling fails and starts again.

The following will take the finite element model shown in Figure 7 as an example to illustrate the specific implementation process of the present invention:

The finite element model shown in Fig. 7 is a simple geological block with a regular shape, and its purpose is to illustrate the implementation process of the present invention. The geological blocks involved in actual modeling are usually relatively complex geological blocks.

In the first step, it is assumed that the geological block model to be modeled is a simple connected polyhedron (convex or concave) in any space, and its geometric description is expressed by a piecewise linear composite. The specific data structure includes two parts: one part is geometric information, and The space coordinates of the corner points are represented as shown in Table 1; the other part is topological information, which is represented by the point sequence of the closed loop (going counterclockwise) on each boundary surface of the model, as shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Geometric information of the geological block model to be modeled

Table 2 Topological information of the geological block model to be modeled

The polygons used in the final correction of the fracture surface are shown in Figures 8 to 10.

The second step is to obtain the intersecting line segment, that is, the trace, by intersecting between the boundary surface and the boundary surface, between the fissure surface and the fissure surface, and between the boundary surface and the fissure surface, and then obtain it by intersecting the traces Edge.

In the third step, the results shown in Figure 11 are obtained after regularizing the edges. In Fig. 11, Fig. 12a to Fig. 12d, the numbers of the corner points are indicated by the numbers in the circles.

Then, the space loop search is carried out by using the boundary operator and according to the maximum right-turn angle criterion of the loop search, and several directed loops are obtained. Figures 12a to 12d show four of the searched directed rings.

Then, the attributes of the directed rings are judged, wherein the directed rings shown in Fig. 12a, Fig. 12b, and Fig. 12d are judged as inner rings, and the directed rings shown in Fig. 12c are judged as outer rings.

Then, determine the inclusion relationship between the inner ring and the outer ring to form a directed surface.

The fourth step is to regularize the directed surface. The results obtained after regularization processing can be understood with reference to Figure 13a. In Fig. 13a to Fig. 13c, the corner point numbers are indicated by the numbers inside the circles.

Then, the space shell search is carried out by using the boundary operator and according to the maximum right-turn angle criterion of the space shell search, and several directed shells are obtained. Figures 13a to 13c show all three directed shells (indicated by thick solid lines) that are searched.

Then, the attributes of the directed shells are judged, and the directed shells shown in Fig. 13a to Fig. 13c are all judged as inner shells. Therefore, the determination of the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and the outer shell is omitted, and the three inner shells directly form an directed body.

The fifth step is to perform a block topology check and a block volume sum check on the directed bodies shown in Figures 13a to 13c, so as to judge the accuracy and completeness of the three directed bodies obtained in the final search, and complete the three-dimensional modeling tasks.

Table 3 Block topology check and block volume sum check results

It can be seen from Table 3 above that the finally formed directed bodies have passed the block topology check and block volume sum check, and these directed bodies can be well combined to form the geological block model to be modeled as shown in Figure 7 , 3D modeling is successful.

The present invention starts from the topological characteristics of geological blocks—the concepts of simplex and simplex complex, and regards geological blocks as directed complex shapes. Based on the topological properties of closed surfaces, it introduces necessary regularization processing and uses boundary operators to Combined with the corresponding search rules, a three-dimensional block modeling method that fully meets the requirements of completeness and accuracy is realized, which has important practical value for rock mass engineering and positive theoretical significance for the development of numerical methods for discontinuous medium mechanics.

Because the present invention has a solid mathematical theoretical foundation, the formed geological blocks, especially complex geological blocks, can meet the requirements of accuracy and completeness. It provides a correct and convenient pretreatment method, which promotes the development of numerical analysis methods of discontinuous medium mechanics. In addition, the advantage of the present invention is that it does not need to introduce any artificial assumptions and is completely based on the characteristics of the actual geological structural plane to form a geological block with an arbitrary complex space, which has important application value in engineering practice, especially in rock mass engineering. In the case of complex key blocks, the 3D model of complex geological blocks can be accurately generated, which has important reference value for the formulation and implementation of rock mass engineering reinforcement measures.

The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used therein. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any technical solution based on the present invention, etc. Obvious changes such as effective conversion and simple replacement all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A three-dimensional modeling method of geological block is characterized in that it comprises steps: 1) Given the geological block model to be modeled and the geometric description of the spatial fracture surface; 2) For the geological block model to be modeled, obtain the traces formed between the upper boundary surface and the boundary surface, between the fracture surface and the fracture surface, and between the boundary surface and the fracture surface, and then obtain the boundary surface and the fracture surface the edge formed on 3) After the edge is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the loop search criteria to form a directed ring, and form a directed surface based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed ring and the inclusion relationship between the directed rings; 4) After the directed surface is regularized, use the boundary operator and search according to the space shell search criteria to form a directed shell, and form a directed body based on the judgment of the attributes of the directed shell and the inclusion relationship between the directed shells ; 5) Check the topology of each formed directed body and check the sum of block volume to judge whether each formed directed body can constitute the geological block model to be modeled: if it can be formed, the 3D modeling is successful and end. 2. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: In said step 1): The geological block model to be modeled is a concave or convex simply connected polyhedron in any space, and the geometric description of the geological block model to be modeled includes two parts: one part is geometric information, and the corner space The other part is topological information, which is represented by a sequence of points forming a closed loop on each boundary surface of the geological block model to be modeled; On the basis of assuming that the initial shape of the fracture surface is a regular polygon inscribed in a circle, the correction is made according to whether the extension of the fracture surface is constrained by other fracture surfaces: if it is constrained, then according to the intersection with other fracture surfaces line segment, modifying the initial shape of the fracture surface to a corresponding irregular polygon; otherwise, the fracture surface is directly represented by the initial shape. 3. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: Described step 2) comprises the steps: 2-1) Intersection calculations are performed between boundary surfaces and boundary surfaces, between crack surfaces and crack surfaces, and between crack surfaces and boundary surfaces to obtain intersecting line segments, which are recorded as traces; 2-2) Perform pairwise intersection operations on the traces to obtain the edges formed on the boundary surfaces and fracture surfaces. 4. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: Described step 3) comprises the steps: 3-1) Regularize the edges to delete isolated edges and "dangling" edges on each fracture surface and each boundary surface; 3-2) Treat the edge as a directed edge, use a boundary operator for each directed edge, and perform a spatial loop search according to the maximum right-turn angle criterion of the loop search to form a spatial loop, which is recorded as a directed ring ; 3-3) Determine the attributes of the directed ring: whether each directed ring is an inner ring or an outer ring, so as to form an inner ring set and an outer ring set; 3-4) select any point in the outer domain of each outer ring as its feature point; 3-5) Perform the following traversal on all the inner rings in the inner ring set to obtain the mutual inclusion relationship between the inner ring and the outer ring: based on an inner ring in the inner ring set, execute all the outer rings in the outer ring set The traversal operation judges the inclusion relationship between the inner ring and each outer ring by whether the feature points of each outer ring belong to the inner ring; 3-6) According to the inclusion relationship between the inner ring and the outer ring, generate oriented surfaces on each crack surface and each boundary surface. 5. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: The loop search maximum right-turn angle criterion in the described step 3-2) refers to: A) Take any oriented edge on any edge or crack surface and any corner point on this oriented edge as the current oriented edge and current corner point respectively, and then make a fist along the right hand, with the thumb facing the direction of the currently searched oriented surface When the direction pointed by the normal vector is pointed by the other four fingers, rotate the current directed edge with the current corner point as the center to find the directed edge that forms the largest angle with the current directed edge, so that the found directed edge is used as a new The current directed edge and the corner point found on the directed edge that is different from the corner point used in the previous loop search are used as the new current corner point to perform the next loop search, and the loop search continues until No directed edge can be found forming the largest angle, thus forming a directed cycle; B) Step A) is repeated until all directed edges on the currently searched boundary surface or fracture surface are completely traversed; C) Steps B) and C) are repeated until all boundary surfaces and all fracture surfaces have been searched for loops. 6. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: The criterion for judging the directed ring attribute is: According to the directed area of the directed ring to judge whether it is positive or negative: when , the directed ring is the inner ring; when , the directed ring is the outer ring; Where: the directed area of the directed ring Use the following formula 3) to find: <mrow><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>&amp;RightArrow;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msubsup><mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>n</mi></msubsup><mfenced open = "|" close = "|"><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>k</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>k</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>y</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow> In formula 3): is the directed area of the directed ring; n is the number of corner points forming the directed ring; x _k , y _k are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the kth corner point forming the directed ring. 7. The three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: Described step 4) comprises the steps: 4-1) Regularize the directed faces to delete isolated directed faces and "dangling" directed faces; 4-2) Utilize the boundary operator for each directional surface, and perform a space shell search according to the maximum right-turn angle criterion of the space shell search to form a directed shell; 4-3) Determine the properties of the directed shell: whether each directed shell is an inner shell or an outer shell, so as to form an inner shell set and an outer shell set; 4-4) Select any point in the outer domain of each shell as its feature point; 4-5) Perform the following traversal on all the inner shells in the inner shell set to obtain the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and the outer shell: based on an inner shell in the inner shell set, perform a traversal operation on all the outer shells in the outer shell set , judge the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and each outer shell by whether the feature points of each outer shell belong to the inner shell; 4-6) According to the inclusion relationship between the inner shell and the outer shell, an directed body is generated. 8. The three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: Said step 4-2) in the space shell search maximum right angle criterion refers to: A) Take any oriented surface and any oriented edge above it as the current oriented surface and current oriented edge respectively, then hold the current oriented edge with the right hand, and when the thumb faces the direction pointed by the current oriented edge, the other four Rotate in the pointed direction to find the directed face that has the common current directed edge and forms the largest angle with the current directed face, so that the found directed face can be used as the new current directed face and the found directed face The directed edge that is different from the directed edge used in the previous space shell search is used as the new current directed edge for the next space shell search, and the space shell search is continued until the directed face that has been searched by the space shell All directed edges on are traversed and the directed face forming the largest angle cannot be found, thus forming a directed shell; B) Repeat step A) until all directed faces and all directed edges on each directed face are traversed. 9. The three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: The criterion for judging the directed shell attribute is: Directed volume according to directed shell to judge whether it is positive or negative: when , the directed shell is the inner shell; when , the directed shell is the shell; where: the directed volume of the directed shell Adopt following formula 6) to obtain: <mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>&amp;RightArrow;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><msubsup><mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mi>s</mi></msubsup><msubsup><mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msubsup><mfenced open = "|" close = "|"><mtable><mtr><mtd><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>y</mi><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>z</mi><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></mo>msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>y</mi><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>z</mi><mi>k</mi><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msubsup><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>y</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd><mtd><msubsup><mi>z</mi><mrow><mi>k</mi>mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo></mrow></msubsup></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow> In formula 6): is the directed volume of the directed shell; s is the number of directed faces that make up the directed shell; n(i) is the number of corner points forming the i-th directed surface; is the three-dimensional coordinates of the kth corner point on the i-th directed surface. 10. the three-dimensional modeling method of geological block as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: Described step 5) comprises the steps: 5-1) Check the block topology for each directed body based on whether it satisfies the following formula 7) to ensure the accuracy of block search: N _v +N _f -N _e =2·(N _b -N _h ) 7) In formula 7): N _v is the total number of corner points that make up the directed body; N _f is the total number of directed faces that make up the directed body; N _e is the total number of edges forming the directed body; N _b is the total number of directed shells that make up the directed body; N _h is the total number of holes that make up the directed body; 5-2) Check the sum of block volume based on whether the sum of all directed bodies satisfies the following formula 8) to ensure the completeness of block search: ∑ _i V(B _i )=V(T) 8) In the above formula: V(B _i ) is the volume of the i-th directed body B _i ; V(T) is the volume of the geological block model T to be modeled.