CN107287400A - A kind of method of the pre- hard plastic mould steel temperatures of determination 718H - Google Patents
A kind of method of the pre- hard plastic mould steel temperatures of determination 718H Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910001214 P-type tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属材料热处理领域，特别是涉及一种确定718H预硬性塑料模具钢回火温度的方法。将需要热处理的钢材粗加工成标准U型冲击试样、拉伸试样；分割后的钢材以100℃/h的升温速率加热至870℃，保温2h并空冷至室温，进行组织超细化处理；随后以同等加热速率加热至860℃，保温1h后水空交替冷至室温，水温是25℃；经上述处理后试样分别在确定的回火温度范围内选取7个回火温度点，然后回火并保温2h再油冷至室温；将回火后的试样分别精加工成标准的U型冲击试样和标准拉伸试样，在室温下检测冲击值、拉伸值和硬度值；绘制回火温度和冲击值、拉伸值及硬度值之间的关系，通过综合需求的力学性能选取最合适的回火温度。The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of metal materials, in particular to a method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel. Roughly process the steel that needs heat treatment into standard U-shaped impact specimens and tensile specimens; heat the divided steel to 870°C at a heating rate of 100°C/h, keep it warm for 2 hours, and air cool to room temperature for ultra-fine microstructure treatment ; then heated to 860°C at the same heating rate, and then cooled to room temperature alternately with water and air for 1 hour. Temper and keep warm for 2 hours and then oil-cool to room temperature; finish the tempered samples into standard U-shaped impact samples and standard tensile samples respectively, and test the impact value, tensile value and hardness value at room temperature; Draw the relationship between tempering temperature and impact value, tensile value and hardness value, and select the most suitable tempering temperature through comprehensive mechanical properties required.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及金属材料热处理领域，特别是涉及一种确定718H预硬性塑料模具钢回火温度的方法。The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of metal materials, in particular to a method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel.
背景技术Background technique
预硬型塑料模具钢因其加工后不需要再进行后续热处理，可避免由此引起模具的脱碳、开裂、变形等质量问题而被广泛应用，在模具钢市场上占据比较大的份额。718H预硬型塑料模具钢淬透性好，性能优异，主要用于制造大尺寸、长寿命、高档次的塑料模具。由于该钢的高使用性能要求，除了要保证极高的冶金质量之外，对其热轧和热处理生产工艺也必须严格控制，以获得均匀、稳定的显微组织和硬度。现国内生产的预硬性718H塑料模具钢，技术要求为：Rp0.2≥900MPa，Rm≥1050MPa，AKU(室温)≥20J，硬度值范围在32～37HRC，且硬度值均匀，截面HRC之差小于3HRC。但根据现有热处理工艺，回火温度和硬度值关系却没有明确对应。Pre-hardened plastic mold steel is widely used because it does not require subsequent heat treatment after processing, which can avoid quality problems such as decarburization, cracking, and deformation of the mold, and occupies a relatively large share in the mold steel market. 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel has good hardenability and excellent performance, and is mainly used to manufacture large-size, long-life, high-grade plastic molds. Due to the high performance requirements of the steel, in addition to ensuring extremely high metallurgical quality, its hot rolling and heat treatment production processes must also be strictly controlled to obtain a uniform and stable microstructure and hardness. The technical requirements for pre-hardened 718H plastic mold steel produced in China are: R p0.2 ≥ 900MPa, R m ≥ 1050MPa, AKU (room temperature) ≥ 20J, the hardness value ranges from 32 to 37HRC, and the hardness value is uniform. The difference is less than 3HRC. However, according to the existing heat treatment process, there is no clear correspondence between the tempering temperature and the hardness value.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种确定718H预硬性塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，能够达到硬度及力学性能的技术要求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel, which can meet the technical requirements of hardness and mechanical properties.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is:
一种确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel comprises the following steps:
(1)使用热膨胀法测量718H预硬型塑料模具钢的Ac1和Ac3点温度，以制定后续的热处理温度范围，为了实验结果的准备性，选取5～15种不同冷却速度，得到5～15组Ac1、Ac3点，取均值；(1) Use the thermal expansion method to measure the Ac1 and Ac3 point temperatures of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel to formulate the subsequent heat treatment temperature range. For the preparation of the experimental results, select 5 to 15 different cooling rates to obtain 5 to 15 groups Take the average of Ac1 and Ac3 points;
(2)将随需热处理的钢材粗加工成标准U型冲击试样、标准拉伸试样和硬度测试试样；(2) Roughly process the on-demand heat-treated steel into standard U-shaped impact specimens, standard tensile specimens and hardness test specimens;
(3)将已加工好的试样分别以80～120℃/h的升温速率升温至870℃±20℃，保温1～3h并空冷至室温，进行组织超细化处理；(3) Heat up the processed samples to 870°C±20°C at a heating rate of 80-120°C/h, keep them warm for 1-3 hours, and air-cool to room temperature for tissue ultrafine treatment;
(4)将经过超细化处理的试样以80～120℃/h的升温速率升温至860℃±20℃，保温0.5～2h后水空交替冷却至室温，水温是20～30℃；(4) Heat the ultra-fine treated sample to 860°C±20°C at a heating rate of 80-120°C/h, keep it warm for 0.5-2 hours and cool it to room temperature alternately with water and air, and the water temperature is 20-30°C;
(5)利用现有技术确定回火温度范围是500～650℃；(5) Utilize existing technology to determine that the tempering temperature range is 500～650 ℃;
(6)将经过(3)处理后的试样分别在确定的回火温度范围内选取5～10个回火温度点，然后回火并保温1～3h再油冷至室温；(6) Select 5 to 10 tempering temperature points within the determined tempering temperature range for the samples treated in (3), and then temper and keep them warm for 1 to 3 hours before oil cooling to room temperature;
(7)将回火后的试样分别精加工成标准的U型冲击试样、标准拉伸试样和硬度测试试样，在室温下检测冲击值、拉伸值和硬度值；(7) The tempered sample is refined into a standard U-shaped impact sample, a standard tensile sample and a hardness test sample respectively, and the impact value, tensile value and hardness value are detected at room temperature;
(8)绘制回火温度和冲击值、拉伸值及硬度值之间的关系，通过实际需求的力学性能选取最合适的回火温度。(8) Draw the relationship between tempering temperature and impact value, tensile value and hardness value, and select the most suitable tempering temperature according to the actual mechanical properties required.
所述的确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，优选的，在确定的回火温度500～650℃范围内选取7个回火温度点，分别为500、530、560、580、600、620和650℃。In the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel, preferably, seven tempering temperature points are selected within the determined tempering temperature range of 500-650°C, respectively 500, 530, 560, 580, 600, 620 and 650°C.
所述的确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，标准U型冲击试样尺寸为10mm×10mm×55mm，拉伸试样尺寸参照国标GB228-2002，每个硬度测试试样选取10个点进行平均洛氏硬度测试；所有试样均取横向及纵向试样，并观察不同取样方向对钢性能的影响。In the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel, the standard U-shaped impact sample size is 10mm×10mm×55mm, the tensile sample size refers to the national standard GB228-2002, and each hardness test sample is selected from 10 The average Rockwell hardness test was carried out at each point; all samples were taken from transverse and longitudinal samples, and the influence of different sampling directions on steel properties was observed.
所述的确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，水空交替冷却的具体工艺过程如下，水冷10～60min，空冷1～20min，两者交替进行。In the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel, the specific process of water-air alternating cooling is as follows, water cooling for 10-60 minutes, air cooling for 1-20 minutes, and the two are carried out alternately.
所述的确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，为满足硬度值及力学性能要求，该材料的回火参数是540～580℃保温2小时。In the method for determining the tempering temperature of the 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel, in order to meet the hardness value and mechanical property requirements, the tempering parameters of the material are 540-580° C. for 2 hours.
本发明的优点及有益效果是：Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1、本发明将经过超细化的处理的试样经过淬火工艺以后，在多个不同的温度回火，回火后检测回火温度和冲击值、拉伸值及硬度值之间的关系，根据其对应的关系选取最合适的回火处理工艺，使其达到技术要求。根据结果可以确定，随着回火温度的升高，强度呈现逐渐递减的趋势，室温U型冲击性能逐渐升高，硬度值较为均匀，且随着温度的升高硬度值逐渐减小，横向和纵向取样，试样的力学性能差值较小，即等向性较好。1. In the present invention, after the superfine processing sample is quenched, it is tempered at a plurality of different temperatures, and the relationship between the tempering temperature and the impact value, tensile value and hardness value is detected after tempering. Select the most suitable tempering process according to the corresponding relationship to make it meet the technical requirements. According to the results, it can be determined that with the increase of tempering temperature, the strength presents a gradually decreasing trend, the U-shaped impact performance at room temperature gradually increases, and the hardness value is relatively uniform, and the hardness value gradually decreases with the increase of temperature. Longitudinal sampling, the difference in mechanical properties of the sample is small, that is, the isotropy is better.
2、为了满足硬度值及力学性能要求，该材料的最佳回火参数是540～580℃保温2小时。利用该回火工艺，可以使材料同时满足硬度和力学性能的双重要求，对热处理工艺制度的制定和提高产品档次具有非常重要的意义。2. In order to meet the requirements of hardness and mechanical properties, the best tempering parameters for this material are 540-580°C for 2 hours. Using this tempering process, the material can meet the dual requirements of hardness and mechanical properties at the same time, which is of great significance to the formulation of heat treatment process systems and the improvement of product grades.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是回火温度与室温冲击功的关系图(分横向和纵向试样)；横坐标Temperature代表温度(℃)，纵坐标Charpy U absorbed energy代表夏比U型试样冲击功(J)。图中，曲线1：Transverse impact property为横向冲击功，曲线2：Longitudinally impactproperty为纵向冲击功。Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between tempering temperature and impact energy at room temperature (transverse and longitudinal samples); the abscissa Temperature represents the temperature (°C), and the ordinate Charpy U absorbed energy represents the Charpy U-shaped sample impact energy (J). In the figure, curve 1: Transverse impact property is the transverse impact energy, and curve 2: Longitudinally impact property is the longitudinal impact energy.
图2是回火温度与拉伸性能的关系图(分横向和纵向试样)；横坐标Temperature代表温度(℃)，纵坐标Strength代表强度(MPa)，纵坐标Elongation代表延伸率(％)、Shrinkage代表断面收缩率(％)。图中，曲线1：Longitudinally Yield strengh为纵向屈服强度，曲线2：Longitudinally Tensile strengh为纵向抗拉强度，曲线3：TransverseYield strengh为横向屈服强度，曲线4：Transverse Tensile strengh为横向抗拉强度，曲线5：Transverse Section Shrinkage为横向断面收缩率，曲线6：Transverse SectionElongation为横向延伸率，曲线7：Longitudinally Section Shrinkage为纵向断面收缩率，曲线8：Longitudinally Section Elongation为纵向延伸率。Fig. 2 is the relationship diagram between tempering temperature and tensile properties (sub-transverse and longitudinal samples); abscissa Temperature represents temperature (°C), ordinate Strength represents strength (MPa), ordinate Elongation represents elongation (%), Shrinkage represents area shrinkage (%). In the figure, curve 1: Longitudinally Yield strengh is the longitudinal yield strength, curve 2: Longitudinally Tensile strengh is the longitudinal tensile strength, curve 3: TransverseYield strengh is the transverse yield strength, curve 4: Transverse Tensile strengh is the transverse tensile strength, curve 5 : Transverse Section Shrinkage is the transverse section shrinkage, curve 6: Transverse SectionElongation is the transverse elongation, curve 7: Longitudinally Section Shrinkage is the longitudinal section shrinkage, curve 8: Longitudinally Section Elongation is the longitudinal elongation.
图3是回火温度与硬度值的关系图(分横向和纵向试样)；横坐标Temperature代表温度(℃)，纵坐标Hardness代表硬度(HRC)。图中，曲线1：Longitudinally hardness为纵向硬度，曲线2：Transverse hardness为横向硬度。Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between tempering temperature and hardness value (for transverse and longitudinal samples); the abscissa Temperature represents temperature (°C), and the ordinate Hardness represents hardness (HRC). In the figure, curve 1: Longitudinally hardness is the longitudinal hardness, and curve 2: Transverse hardness is the transverse hardness.
图4是不同回火温度对应的硬度值分布的关系图(分横向和纵向试样)；横坐标Sampling location代表取样点，纵坐标Hardness代表硬度(HRC)。Figure 4 is a relationship diagram of the distribution of hardness values corresponding to different tempering temperatures (for transverse and longitudinal samples); the abscissa Sampling location represents the sampling point, and the ordinate Hardness represents the hardness (HRC).
具体实施方式detailed description
在具体实施过程中，本发明确定718H预硬性塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，将需要热处理的钢材粗加工成标准U型冲击试样、拉伸试样；分割后的钢材以100℃/h的升温速率加热至870℃，保温2h并空冷至室温，进行组织超细化处理；随后以同等加热速率加热至860℃，保温1h后水空交替冷至室温，水温是25℃；经上述处理后试样分别在确定的回火温度范围内(利用现有技术确定回火温度范围是500～650℃)选取7个回火温度点，然后回火并保温2h再油冷至室温；将回火后的试样分别精加工成标准的U型冲击试样和标准拉伸试样，在室温下检测冲击值、拉伸值和硬度值；绘制回火温度和冲击值、拉伸值及硬度值之间的关系，通过综合需求的力学性能选取最合适的回火温度。In the specific implementation process, the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel in the present invention is to roughly process the steel that needs heat treatment into a standard U-shaped impact test sample and a tensile test sample; Heating at a heating rate of 870°C, holding for 2 hours and air cooling to room temperature for tissue ultrafine treatment; then heating to 860°C at the same heating rate, and cooling to room temperature with water and air alternately after holding for 1 hour, and the water temperature is 25°C; after the above treatment Select 7 tempering temperature points for the final sample within the determined tempering temperature range (using the existing technology to determine the tempering temperature range is 500 ~ 650 ° C), then temper and keep it warm for 2 hours, and then oil cool to room temperature; The samples after fire are processed into standard U-shaped impact samples and standard tensile samples respectively, and the impact value, tensile value and hardness value are detected at room temperature; the tempering temperature and impact value, tensile value and hardness are drawn The relationship between the values, the most suitable tempering temperature is selected by comprehensively demanding the mechanical properties.
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so as to define the protection scope of the present invention more clearly.
实施例Example
请参阅图1、图2、图3和图4，本实施例确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，包括以下步骤：Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1)使用热膨胀法测量718H预硬型塑料模具钢的Ac1和Ac3点温度，以制定后续的热处理温度范围，为了实验结果的准备性，选取10种不同冷却速度，得到10组Ac1、Ac3点，取均值，如表1所示；(1) Use the thermal expansion method to measure the Ac1 and Ac3 point temperatures of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel to formulate the subsequent heat treatment temperature range. In order to prepare the experimental results, 10 different cooling rates were selected to obtain 10 groups of Ac1 and Ac3 points , taking the mean value, as shown in Table 1;
表1为不同奥氏体冷却速度下测量的Ac1及Ac3点：Table 1 shows Ac1 and Ac3 points measured at different austenite cooling rates:
(2)将随需热处理的钢材粗加工成3个标准U型冲击试样、3个标准拉伸试样；(2) Roughly process the on-demand heat-treated steel into 3 standard U-shaped impact specimens and 3 standard tensile specimens;
(3)将已加工好的试样分别以100℃/h的升温速率升温至870℃，保温2h并空冷至室温，进行组织超细化处理；(3) The processed samples were heated up to 870°C at a heating rate of 100°C/h, kept for 2 hours and air-cooled to room temperature for ultra-fine tissue treatment;
(4)将经过超细化处理的试样以100℃/h的升温速率升温至860℃，保温1h后水空交替冷却至室温，水温是25℃；(4) Heat the ultra-fine treated sample to 860°C at a heating rate of 100°C/h, and after holding for 1 hour, cool it to room temperature alternately with water and air, and the water temperature is 25°C;
其中，水空交替冷却的具体工艺过程如下：水冷40min，空冷5min，两者交替进行。Among them, the specific process of water-air alternating cooling is as follows: water cooling for 40 minutes, air cooling for 5 minutes, and the two are carried out alternately.
(5)利用现有技术确定回火温度范围是500～650℃；(5) Utilize existing technology to determine that the tempering temperature range is 500～650 ℃;
(6)将经过(3)处理后的试样分别在500℃、530℃、560℃、580℃、600℃、620℃和650℃回火并保温2h再油冷至室温；(6) Temper the samples treated in (3) at 500°C, 530°C, 560°C, 580°C, 600°C, 620°C and 650°C respectively, keep them warm for 2 hours, and then cool them in oil to room temperature;
(7)将回火后的试样分别精加工成标准的U型冲击试样U型冲击试样、标准拉伸试样和硬度测试试样，在室温下检测冲击值、拉伸值和硬度值；标准冲击试样尺寸为10mm×10mm×55mm，拉伸试样尺寸参照国标GB228-2002；硬度值每个试样选取10个点进行平均洛氏硬度测试；所有试样均取横向及纵向试样，并观察不同取样方向对钢性能的影响，见图1、图2、图3。(7) Finish the tempered samples into standard U-shaped impact samples, U-shaped impact samples, standard tensile samples and hardness test samples, and test the impact value, tensile value and hardness at room temperature The standard impact sample size is 10mm×10mm×55mm, and the tensile sample size refers to the national standard GB228-2002; the hardness value is 10 points for each sample for the average Rockwell hardness test; all samples are taken in the transverse and longitudinal directions Samples, and observe the influence of different sampling directions on steel properties, see Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3.
(8)绘制回火温度和冲击值、拉伸值及硬度值之间的关系如表2、图4所示，根据结果可以确定，随着回火温度的升高，强度呈现逐渐递减的趋势，室温U型冲击性能逐渐升高，硬度值较为均匀，且随着温度的升高硬度值逐渐减小，横向和纵向取样，试样的力学性能差值较小，即等向性较好；为满足硬度值及力学性能要求，该材料的最佳回火参数是540～580℃保温2小时。(8) Draw the relationship between tempering temperature and impact value, tensile value and hardness value as shown in Table 2 and Figure 4. According to the results, it can be determined that with the increase of tempering temperature, the strength presents a gradually decreasing trend , the U-shaped impact performance at room temperature gradually increases, the hardness value is relatively uniform, and the hardness value gradually decreases with the increase of temperature, the transverse and longitudinal sampling, the difference in mechanical properties of the sample is small, that is, the isotropy is better; In order to meet the requirements of hardness and mechanical properties, the best tempering parameters for this material are 540-580°C for 2 hours.
表2是不同回火温度下材料的性能结果：Table 2 shows the performance results of materials at different tempering temperatures:
实施例结果表明，本发明确定718H预硬型塑料模具钢回火温度的方法，通过上述方式，能够得到718H预硬型塑料模具钢的后续调质工艺，满足该钢种硬度及力学性能的要求。The results of the examples show that the method for determining the tempering temperature of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel in the present invention can obtain the subsequent quenching and tempering process of 718H pre-hardened plastic mold steel through the above-mentioned method, and meet the requirements of the hardness and mechanical properties of the steel .
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