CN107285604A - A kind of dense mud consolidated depth dewatering of selective oxidation - Google Patents
A kind of dense mud consolidated depth dewatering of selective oxidation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012028 Fenton's reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 72
- MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;iron(2+);sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Fe+2].OO.OS(O)(=O)=O MGZTXXNFBIUONY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000549343 Myadestes Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000023445 Congenital pulmonary airway malformation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
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Abstract
本发明一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,将Fenton试剂与絮凝脱水后的脱水污泥混匀,利用Fenton试剂选择性氧化降解脱水污泥中的EPS,使结合水转化为自由水,形成易于脱水的浓泥态并输送至板框压滤机进行压滤脱水,得到含水量降至48‑55%的深度脱水污泥,体积小,污泥废水少。本发明提供的选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,对脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥进行二次深度脱水,含水率低于现有脱水工艺产生的污泥含水率,与现有脱水技术需重新对脱水污泥进行加水调高含水率并使用铁离子和石灰等絮凝剂进行调理的方法不同,无需加水便可直接调理,对每年产生的大量脱水污泥和广泛存在的污泥坑老污泥的深度脱水具有重要的实用价值。
The present invention is a method for selectively oxidizing dense mud solidification and deep dehydration. The Fenton reagent is mixed with the dewatered sludge after flocculation dehydration, and the EPS in the dewatered sludge is selectively oxidized and degraded by the Fenton reagent, so that bound water is converted into free The water is formed into a thick sludge state that is easy to dehydrate and is transported to the plate and frame filter press for dehydration by pressure filtration to obtain a deep dewatered sludge with a water content reduced to 48-55%, which is small in size and less in sludge wastewater. The selective oxidation thick mud consolidation deep dehydration method provided by the present invention performs secondary deep dehydration on the dewatered sludge or the old sludge in the sludge pit, and the moisture content is lower than the sludge moisture content produced by the existing dehydration process, which is different from the current sludge dehydration method. There are dewatering technologies that need to re-add water to the dewatered sludge to increase the water content and use flocculants such as iron ions and lime for conditioning. It can be conditioned directly without adding water. The deep dehydration of the old sludge in the mud pit has important practical value.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于市政脱水污泥和污泥坑老污泥处理领域,具体涉及一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法。The invention belongs to the field of treatment of municipal dewatered sludge and old sludge from sludge pits, and in particular relates to a method for selectively oxidizing dense sludge consolidation depth dehydration.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,城市污水的排放量持续增加,水处理设施建设力度加大,导致水处理过程中的必然产物-污泥的产生量不断增加。据《住房城乡建设部关于2016年第一季度全国城镇污水处理设施建设和运行情况的通报》数据显示,截至2016年3月底,全国城镇累计建成污水处理厂3910座,污水处理能力达1.67亿m3/d,污水处理量的提高必然带来污泥量增大,污水处理本质上是污染物质在水中降解转化后迁移至污泥中的过程,且行业内仍存留“重水轻泥”思想。根据国家统计局公布的《2015 年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》显示,截至2015年底,污泥产量达到3500万吨(含水率以80%计),预计2020年,我国的市政污泥产量将达到6000-9000万吨,因此污水厂污泥的减量化就成为一个焦点。In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, the discharge of urban sewage has continued to increase, and the construction of water treatment facilities has been strengthened, resulting in an increasing amount of sludge, an inevitable product of the water treatment process. According to the "Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on the Construction and Operation of National Urban Sewage Treatment Facilities in the First Quarter of 2016", as of the end of March 2016, a total of 3,910 sewage treatment plants have been built in cities and towns across the country, with a sewage treatment capacity of 167 million m 3 /d, the increase in the amount of sewage treatment will inevitably lead to an increase in the amount of sludge. Sewage treatment is essentially a process in which pollutants are degraded and transformed in water and migrate to sludge, and the industry still retains the idea of "heavy water and light mud". According to the "2015 Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development" published by the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2015, the sludge output reached 35 million tons (calculated with a moisture content of 80%). It is estimated that in 2020, my country's municipal sludge output will be Reaching 60-90 million tons, so the reduction of sewage plant sludge has become a focus.
长期以来,我国很大一部分脱水污泥采取填埋方式进行处置,因此,全国各地也就普遍存在着大大小小的污泥坑和临时堆放场,这些污泥坑老污泥基本就是污水厂的脱水污泥,其含水率为78-82%,含水率高,体积大,质地软,难压实,且容易造成填埋时压实机械的凹陷打滑和填埋体的滑坡。此外,随着土地利用日趋紧张,污泥坑老污泥的减量化也日趋受到大家的关注。For a long time, a large part of dewatered sludge in my country has been disposed of by landfill. Therefore, there are large and small sludge pits and temporary storage sites all over the country. The old sludge in these sludge pits is basically the waste of sewage plants. Dewatered sludge has a water content of 78-82%, high water content, large volume, soft texture, difficult to compact, and easy to cause depression and slippage of compaction machinery during landfill and landslide of landfill. In addition, with the increasing tension of land use, the reduction of old sludge in sludge pits has also attracted more and more attention.
脱水污泥的妥善处置方法主要有填埋、焚烧、堆肥和建材化等手段,目前影响这些手段顺利实施的最大障碍为出厂后的污泥含水率仍然过高。剩余污泥产生后含水率高达96-98%,为类似绒毛分支与絮网结构,含有大量亲水性有机质,极难脱水。目前,较成熟的污泥脱水技术主要是将剩余污泥经铁盐、铝盐、PAM等絮凝剂或经电解质调理后进入板框压滤机、离心脱水机或带式压滤机等设备进行脱水,含水率降至78-82%,几乎无法达到60%以下;此外,还有热调理、冻融循环和超声调理等方式,但由于剩余污泥的主要成分仍为水且要求迅速完成脱水,使得这些调理手段难以推广。近年来,逐渐出现了在剩余污泥中添加铁离子和石灰或粉煤灰等脱水方法,并经过大型高压板框压滤可将污泥含水率降至60%以下,但缺点是处理量大且脱水后污泥量增大明显,始终无法摆脱通过加入干物质来调整含水率的嫌疑,并没有实现真正意义上的深度脱水,只有能够达到降低含水率和减容的双重效果才可以称为深度脱水。The proper disposal methods of dewatered sludge mainly include landfill, incineration, composting and building materials. At present, the biggest obstacle to the smooth implementation of these methods is that the moisture content of the sludge after leaving the factory is still too high. After the excess sludge is produced, the water content is as high as 96-98%. It has a structure similar to fluff branches and flocculation, contains a large amount of hydrophilic organic matter, and is extremely difficult to dehydrate. At present, the relatively mature sludge dewatering technology mainly uses iron salt, aluminum salt, PAM and other flocculants or electrolytes to condition the excess sludge into plate and frame filter press, centrifugal dehydrator or belt filter press and other equipment for dewatering. Dehydration, the water content drops to 78-82%, and it is almost impossible to reach below 60%; in addition, there are heat conditioning, freeze-thaw cycles and ultrasonic conditioning, but because the main component of the remaining sludge is still water and dehydration is required to be completed quickly , making it difficult to promote these conditioning methods. In recent years, dehydration methods such as adding iron ions and lime or fly ash to excess sludge have gradually appeared, and the moisture content of sludge can be reduced to below 60% after large-scale high-pressure plate and frame filter press, but the disadvantage is that the treatment capacity is large Moreover, the amount of sludge increases significantly after dehydration, and it is still impossible to get rid of the suspicion of adjusting the moisture content by adding dry matter. It has not achieved deep dehydration in the true sense. Only when it can achieve the dual effects of reducing moisture content and reducing volume can it be called Deep dehydration.
Fenton试剂作为一种简单易得价廉的高级氧化剂在降解难降解有机质、破坏EPS和细胞壁等方面具有其特有的优势,可应用于高浓度有机废水处理、垃圾渗滤液处理以及微生物难降解物质处理前的预处理等方面。近年来,在实现污水处理厂污泥脱水减量化方面也出现了一些尝试,如申请号为201110087907.2公布了含水率95%以上的剩余污泥浓缩酸化后,先后采用“Fenton试剂氧化+CPAM絮凝”调理,经离心脱水使得最终含水率由87.7%降至79.3%;申请号为201610135493.9公布了先将脱水污泥调稀、酸化至含水率为96%-99%,相当于剩余污泥或浓缩污泥,再利用Fenton进行氧化调理可以提高污泥的脱水效率;申请号为201010000269.1公布了一种利用生物法酸化后再经Fenton试剂氧化改善剩余污泥脱水性能的方法,污泥比阻低于4×108 s2/g,脱水后污泥含水率降至65-75%;申请号为201210449383.1公布了一种在浓缩污泥中先后经“Fenton+表面活性剂+PAM”联合调理后进行机械脱水,最终含水率可由87.7%降至78.2%;申请号为201110300223.6公布了在当污泥含水率在95%以上先后采用“Fenton/类Fenton试剂+骨架构建物”调理,前期破坏有机物改变水分形态,后期降低污泥可压缩性能充分防止排水通道堵塞,调理后污泥比阻降低率超过80%,经板框脱水后含水率可降至30-60%,可是该方法污泥量的增加十分明显,后续处理量大,成本高。As a simple, easy-to-obtain and cheap advanced oxidant, Fenton’s reagent has its unique advantages in degrading refractory organic matter, destroying EPS and cell walls, etc. It can be applied to high-concentration organic wastewater treatment, landfill leachate treatment and microbial refractory substance treatment pre-processing etc. In recent years, there have also been some attempts to achieve sludge dehydration and reduction in sewage treatment plants. For example, the application number 201110087907.2 announced that after the concentration and acidification of excess sludge with a moisture content of more than 95%, the "Fenton reagent oxidation + CPAM flocculation "Conditioning, after centrifugal dehydration, the final moisture content is reduced from 87.7% to 79.3%; the application number is 201610135493.9, and the dewatered sludge is first diluted and acidified to a moisture content of 96%-99%, which is equivalent to remaining sludge or concentrated sludge. Sludge, and then use Fenton to carry out oxidation conditioning to improve the dehydration efficiency of sludge; application number is 201010000269.1 announced a method of using biological method acidification and then oxidation by Fenton reagent to improve the dehydration performance of remaining sludge, the specific resistance of sludge is lower than 4×108 s 2 /g, after dehydration, the moisture content of the sludge is reduced to 65-75%; the application number is 201210449383.1, which discloses a mechanical dehydration method in the concentrated sludge that has been conditioned by "Fenton + surfactant + PAM". , the final water content can be reduced from 87.7% to 78.2%; the application number is 201110300223.6, which announced that when the water content of the sludge is above 95%, the "Fenton/Fenton-like reagent + skeleton structure" is used for conditioning, and the organic matter is destroyed in the early stage to change the water form. In the later stage, the compressibility of sludge can be reduced to fully prevent the blockage of drainage channels. After conditioning, the specific resistance of sludge can be reduced by more than 80%, and the moisture content can be reduced to 30-60% after plate and frame dehydration. However, the increase of sludge volume in this method is very obvious. , the amount of follow-up processing is large and the cost is high.
综上所述,现有Fenton氧化后脱水工艺均是针对含水率96-98%的剩余污泥,存在着药剂掺量大、需要前期进行酸化、脱水设备体型较大、产生大量的酸性污泥水等缺点,因此难以大范围推广。此外,目前大部分污水厂采用先絮凝后脱水的工艺,如采用上述方式提升脱水效率可能要对原有脱水系统做出较大改动,且脱水设备负荷高、能耗大、Fenton试剂对设备腐蚀严重,且应用于污泥坑老污泥进行深度脱水时,前期需要再次使用大量水调稀污泥使得含水率重新调回95%以上,可实施难度较大。To sum up, the existing dehydration process after Fenton oxidation is aimed at the remaining sludge with a water content of 96-98%, which has the disadvantages of large amount of chemicals, the need for acidification in the early stage, large dehydration equipment, and a large amount of acid sludge Water and other shortcomings, so it is difficult to promote on a large scale. In addition, at present, most sewage plants adopt the process of flocculation first and then dehydration. If the above method is used to improve the dehydration efficiency, it may be necessary to make major changes to the original dehydration system, and the dehydration equipment has a high load, high energy consumption, and Fenton reagent will corrode the equipment. Serious, and when it is applied to the old sludge in the sludge pit for deep dehydration, it is necessary to use a large amount of water to dilute the sludge in the early stage so that the moisture content can be adjusted back to more than 95%, which is difficult to implement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术的问题,本发明提供一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,针对脱水污泥和污泥坑老污泥进行深度脱水。In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a selective oxidation thick sludge consolidation deep dehydration method, which is used for deep dehydration of dewatered sludge and old sludge in sludge pits.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,包括以下步骤:A method for selectively oxidizing dense mud consolidation deep dehydration, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、将选择性氧化材料与经污水处理厂絮凝脱水后的脱水污泥混匀并进行氧化反应,利用选择性氧化材料选择性氧化降解脱水污泥中阻碍脱水的EPS,使脱水污泥中的结合水转化为自由水,转化率为35-40%,流动度提高88-92%,形成易于脱水的浓泥状态;Step 1. Mix the selective oxidation material with the dewatered sludge after flocculation and dehydration in the sewage treatment plant and carry out the oxidation reaction, and use the selective oxidation material to selectively oxidize and degrade the EPS that hinders dehydration in the dewatered sludge, so that the dewatered sludge in the dewatered sludge The bound water is converted into free water, the conversion rate is 35-40%, and the fluidity is increased by 88-92%, forming a thick mud state that is easy to dehydrate;
步骤二、将步骤一得到的浓泥状态的污泥输送至板框压滤机进行深度压滤脱水,得到含水量为48-55%的深度脱水污泥,所述深度脱水污泥泥饼体积为絮凝脱水后的脱水污泥泥饼体积的33-35%,为相同压力但未经氧化处理的泥饼体积的50-60%。Step 2. Transport the sludge in the thick mud state obtained in step 1 to a plate and frame filter press for deep dehydration by pressure filtration to obtain deep dewatered sludge with a water content of 48-55%. The volume of the deep dewatered sludge cake is It is 33-35% of the volume of the dewatered sludge cake after flocculation and dehydration, and 50-60% of the volume of the mud cake with the same pressure but without oxidation treatment.
进一步的,步骤一中,所述污水处理厂对剩余污泥投加絮凝剂进行絮凝后再通过带式压滤机进行带式压滤脱水或通过离心压滤机进行离心脱水,形成脱水污泥,所述剩余污泥的含水率为96-98%,所述脱水污泥的含水率为78-82%,所述脱水污泥体积降为剩余污泥体积的1/4-1/10。Further, in step 1, the sewage treatment plant adds a flocculant to the remaining sludge for flocculation, and then performs belt filter press dehydration through a belt filter press or centrifugal dewatering through a centrifugal filter press to form dewatered sludge , the water content of the remaining sludge is 96-98%, the water content of the dewatered sludge is 78-82%, and the volume of the dewatered sludge is reduced to 1/4-1/10 of the volume of the remaining sludge.
进一步的,步骤一中,所述选择性氧化材料为Fenton试剂,包括FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2,所述絮凝脱水后的脱水污泥与FeSO4·7H2O固体粉末进行混合均匀后再投加H2O2溶液进行Fenton氧化反应,用于降解脱水污泥中的EPS。Further, in step 1, the selective oxidation material is Fenton’s reagent, including FeSO 4 7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 , and the dewatered sludge after flocculation and dehydration is mixed with FeSO 4 7H 2 O solid powder After uniformity, add H 2 O 2 solution to carry out Fenton oxidation reaction, which is used to degrade EPS in dewatered sludge.
进一步的,所述H2O2的投加量按摩尔比H2O2:FeSO4·7H2O=1.8:1-2.2:1,FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为40.5-49.5% DS,H2O2的投加量为0.33 mL/g DS。Further, the dosage of H 2 O 2 is based on the molar ratio of H 2 O 2 :FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O=1.8:1-2.2:1, and the dosage of FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O is 40.5-49.5 % DS, the dosage of H 2 O 2 is 0.33 mL/g DS.
进一步的,步骤一中,所述浓泥状态污泥的流动度为90-120 mm,含水率为85-88%。Further, in step 1, the fluidity of the sludge in thick mud state is 90-120 mm, and the water content is 85-88%.
进一步的,步骤一中,所述选择性氧化材料与污水处理厂絮凝脱水后的脱水污泥通过双轴搅拌混合器进行均匀混合。Further, in Step 1, the selective oxidation material is uniformly mixed with the dewatered sludge after flocculation and dehydration in the sewage treatment plant through a twin-shaft stirring mixer.
进一步的,步骤二中,所述浓泥状态污泥通过柱塞泵输送至板框压滤机进行深度压滤脱水,脱水时间为30 min,压强为0.8-1.0 Mpa。Further, in step 2, the sludge in a thick mud state is transported to a plate and frame filter press by a plunger pump for deep filter press dehydration, the dehydration time is 30 minutes, and the pressure is 0.8-1.0 Mpa.
进一步的,所述步骤一中经絮凝脱水后得到的污泥水和步骤二中经板框压滤机压滤后得到的污泥水回收至污水处理系统进行污水处理。Further, the sludge water obtained after flocculation and dehydration in step 1 and the sludge water obtained after being filtered by a plate and frame filter press in step 2 are recycled to the sewage treatment system for sewage treatment.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提供一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,针对脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥进行二次深度脱水并将其含水率降至48-55%,与现有深度脱水技术需重新对脱水污泥进行加水调高含水率并使用铁离子和石灰等絮凝剂进行调理的方法不同,本发明无需加水便可直接进行调理,直接在脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥中添加选择性氧化材料分解污泥中阻碍水分排出的EPS等物质,将较多的细胞结合水转化为自由水,改善污泥的流动性,对于我国每年产生的近4000万吨含水率较高的脱水污泥和广泛存在的污泥坑老污泥的深度脱水具有重要的价值。The invention provides a selective oxidation thick mud consolidation deep dehydration method, which performs secondary deep dehydration for dewatered sludge or sludge pit old sludge and reduces its water content to 48-55%, which is different from the existing deep dehydration method. The technology needs to re-add water to the dewatered sludge to increase the water content and use flocculants such as iron ions and lime for conditioning. The present invention can directly condition the dewatered sludge or the old sludge in the sludge pit without adding water. Add selective oxidation materials to decompose the EPS and other substances in the sludge that hinder water discharge, convert more cell-bound water into free water, and improve the fluidity of the sludge. For the nearly 40 million tons produced in my country every year, the water content is relatively high. The deep dewatering of the dewatered sludge and the old sludge of the widespread sludge pit is of great value.
1)现有的污水厂脱水车间可以基本保持现状,可与带式压滤机或离心脱水机相配套,充分利用了前期絮凝的优势,前期脱水工艺基本保持原样,大大降低了后期接龙式深度脱水的负荷,便于污水厂投入使用;1) The existing dehydration workshop of the sewage plant can basically maintain the status quo, and can be matched with a belt filter press or a centrifugal dehydrator, making full use of the advantages of the early stage flocculation, the early stage dehydration process basically remains the same, and greatly reduces the later stage Solitaire depth The load of dehydration is convenient for the sewage plant to be put into use;
2)第一阶段的絮凝脱水与第二阶段的Fenton氧化调理的调理效果互不影响,充分体现两种调理方式组合的优势最大化,投药量小、对设备造成的腐蚀低,产生的酸性污泥水大大减少,回流处理时基本不会对污水处理系统造成较大影响;2) The conditioning effects of the first stage of flocculation dehydration and the second stage of Fenton oxidation conditioning do not affect each other, which fully reflects the advantages of the combination of the two conditioning methods to maximize the advantages of small dosage, low corrosion to equipment, and acid pollution generated The muddy water is greatly reduced, and the backflow treatment will basically not cause a major impact on the sewage treatment system;
3)污泥减量化作用明显,所掺调理药剂几乎不增加污泥干物质;3) The sludge reduction effect is obvious, and the conditioning agent added hardly increases the dry matter of the sludge;
4)无需对污泥进行前期酸化,依靠Fenton自身反应即可迅速达到反应所需pH值,无需前期酸化;4) No pre-acidification of sludge is required, relying on Fenton's own reaction to quickly reach the required pH value for the reaction, without pre-acidification;
5)Fenton试剂选择性氧化降解污泥中的关键成分-EPS,添加物物料少,能够快速将污泥中的结合水转化为自由水,改善污泥的流动性,形成可以直接进行脱水的浓泥状态,提高污泥的深度脱水性能,脱水效率高,废水产生量少,在低压情况下即可快速降低污泥体积,便于输送和通过柱塞泵泵入小型板框压滤机;5) Fenton's reagent selectively oxidizes and degrades the key component of sludge-EPS, with less additives, it can quickly convert the bound water in the sludge into free water, improve the fluidity of the sludge, and form a concentrated sludge that can be directly dehydrated. Sludge state, improve the deep dehydration performance of sludge, high dehydration efficiency, less waste water production, the sludge volume can be quickly reduced under low pressure, easy to transport and pump into a small plate and frame filter press through a plunger pump;
6)经选择性分解后的脱水污泥经柱塞泵泵入小型板框压滤机并在油压加压下进行固结脱水,根据具体工程的要求,可以通过调整前处理加压时间及加压压力达到48-55%的脱水效果,小型板框压滤机可以独立运行,设备小、能耗低、工序简单,接龙式深度脱水功效更高,易于操作。6) The dewatered sludge after selective decomposition is pumped into a small plate and frame filter press through a plunger pump and consolidated and dehydrated under oil pressure. According to the requirements of specific projects, the pretreatment pressure time and The pressurized pressure reaches 48-55% dehydration effect, the small plate and frame filter press can operate independently, the equipment is small, the energy consumption is low, the process is simple, the solitaire type deep dehydration effect is higher, and it is easy to operate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺流程图;Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明与现有技术的实验结果对比图;Fig. 2 is the experimental result contrast figure of the present invention and prior art;
其中,a为未经Fenton氧化处理的泥饼,b为经Fenton氧化处理的泥饼。Among them, a is the mud cake without Fenton oxidation treatment, b is the mud cake with Fenton oxidation treatment.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
如图1-2所示,一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,针对脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥进行二次深度脱水并将其含水率降至48-55%,包括两个完全不同的阶段:第一阶段为絮凝脱水,在含水率为96-98%的剩余污泥内投放一定量的絮凝剂进行絮凝后再通过带式压滤机进行带式脱水,或通过离心压滤机进行离心脱水,实质为“水中取泥”阶段,其母体为水,脱水时的主要任务是确保较大的脱水速率,此时,污泥的渗透性为限制因素,应尽可能使得污泥保持较好的骨架,该阶段的脱水量和体积压缩量大,所需压力小,时间短,第一阶段经絮凝脱水后产生的脱水污泥进入第二阶段进行下一步处理,且产生的污泥水通过管道再次收集至污水处理系统进行回收处理;第二阶段为Fenton氧化调理,实质为“泥中取水”阶段,其母体为泥,第二阶段的主要任务是确保污泥最大的脱水程度,此时,污泥水分的分布形态为限制因素,在保证足够的排水通道的情况下应尽可能促使污泥中水分由结合水向自由水转化,与第一阶段相比,该阶段污泥的脱水量及体积压缩量相对较小,所需压力大,时间长,因此需采用氧化原理改变水分形态,污泥的泥水结合势较高的根源在于污泥有机质中的糖类物质,只需对糖类物质进行针对性的降解,即可有效促进结合水转化成自由水,为此,需将Fenton试剂与第一阶段得到的脱水污泥进行混合均匀,引发Fenton氧化反应,形成易于脱水的浓泥状态,随后进行下一步的深度压滤脱水,形成污泥接龙式浓泥固结深度脱水工艺系统,该阶段获得的深度脱水污泥的含水率降至48-55%,远低于现有脱水工艺的含水率,且产生的污泥水可通过管道收集至污水处理系统进行回收处理。As shown in Figure 1-2, a selective oxidation thick sludge consolidation deep dehydration method, for dewatered sludge or old sludge from sludge pit, perform secondary deep dehydration and reduce its moisture content to 48-55%, It includes two completely different stages: the first stage is flocculation dehydration, a certain amount of flocculant is put into the excess sludge with a moisture content of 96-98% for flocculation, and then belt dehydration is carried out through a belt filter press, or Centrifugal dehydration through a centrifugal filter press is essentially the stage of "taking mud from water". It is possible to keep the sludge in a good skeleton. The amount of dehydration and volume compression in this stage is large, the required pressure is small, and the time is short. The dewatered sludge produced after flocculation and dehydration in the first stage enters the second stage for the next step. And the generated sludge water is collected again through the pipeline to the sewage treatment system for recycling; the second stage is Fenton oxidation conditioning, which is essentially the stage of "taking water from the mud" and its matrix is mud. The main task of the second stage is to ensure that the sludge The maximum degree of dehydration. At this time, the distribution of sludge moisture is the limiting factor. In the case of ensuring sufficient drainage channels, the moisture in the sludge should be transformed from bound water to free water as much as possible. Compared with the first stage, At this stage, the amount of dehydration and volume reduction of sludge is relatively small, and the required pressure is high and the time is long. Therefore, the principle of oxidation is used to change the water form. The source of the high mud-water binding potential of the sludge is the sugar in the organic matter of the sludge. Substances can effectively promote the conversion of bound water into free water only by targeted degradation of carbohydrates. For this reason, the Fenton reagent should be mixed evenly with the dewatered sludge obtained in the first stage to trigger the Fenton oxidation reaction. Form a thick sludge state that is easy to dewater, and then carry out the next step of deep press dehydration to form a sludge solitaire-type thick sludge consolidation deep dehydration process system. The moisture content of the deep dewatered sludge obtained at this stage is reduced to 48-55%. The water content is much lower than that of the existing dehydration process, and the generated sludge water can be collected through pipelines to the sewage treatment system for recycling.
本发明提供的选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法不对污水处理厂现有的脱水工艺进行较大改造,而是将该工艺配套于现有脱水工艺之后,对脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥通过添加选择性氧化的调理材料形成易于脱水的浓泥状态,无需进行再次加水和絮凝等环节,选择性氧化的调理材料以Fenton试剂为主要成分,包括FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2,H2O2投加量按摩尔比H2O2:FeSO4·7H2O=1.8:1-2.2:1,FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为40.5-49.5% DS,H2O2的投加量为0.33 mL/g DS,先将FeSO4·7H2O与脱水污泥或污泥坑老污泥进行有效混匀,再注入H2O2引发Fenton氧化反应,用于降解污泥中妨碍脱水的EPS等物质,依次发挥第一阶段的絮凝脱水和第二阶段的Fenton强氧化作用以达到更好的脱水效果。The thick mud consolidation deep dehydration method of selective oxidation provided by the present invention does not carry out major transformation on the existing dehydration process of the sewage treatment plant, but after the process is matched with the existing dewatering process, the dewatered sludge or sludge pit The old sludge is formed into a thick sludge state that is easy to dehydrate by adding selective oxidation conditioning materials, without the need for re-adding water and flocculation. The selective oxidation conditioning materials use Fenton’s reagent as the main component, including FeSO 4 7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 , the dosage of H 2 O 2 is based on molar ratio H 2 O 2 :FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O=1.8:1-2.2:1, the dosage of FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O is 40.5-49.5% DS , the dosage of H 2 O 2 is 0.33 mL/g DS, FeSO 4 7H 2 O is effectively mixed with dewatered sludge or sludge pit old sludge first, and then H 2 O 2 is injected to trigger the Fenton oxidation reaction , used to degrade EPS and other substances that hinder dehydration in the sludge, and play the first stage of flocculation dehydration and the second stage of Fenton strong oxidation to achieve better dehydration effect.
剩余污泥经污水处理厂现有脱水工艺系统进行絮凝脱水后,可以保持较好的骨架和渗透性,在原有脱水工艺设备中迅速将含水率降至78-82%,得到的脱水污泥体积降为剩余污泥体积的1/4-1/10,污水处理厂无需改动第一阶段的絮凝脱水工艺系统;在第二阶段利用双轴搅拌混合器将第一阶段絮凝脱水产生的脱水污泥依次与Fenton试剂的FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2进行均匀混合,直接通过Fenton试剂快速选择性氧化降解污泥中阻碍水分排出的关键成分-EPS,使得原本与EPS相结合的水分转化为自由水,且无需前期酸化,流动性得以提高,形成易于脱水的浓泥状态污泥,流动度达到90-120 mm,含水率为85-88%,随后利用柱塞泵将浓泥状态的污泥输送至板框压滤机进行接龙式深度压滤脱水,泥饼密度及强度加大,有利于运输和进一步处理,大大降低后续处理处置污泥的总量和费用,兼具杀菌消毒作用,板框压滤机为油压加压式在压滤类型,压力及加压时间均可根据实际需求进行调节控制,脱出的极少量污泥水可经管道收集至污水处理系统进一步处理。After the excess sludge is flocculated and dewatered by the existing dewatering process system of the sewage treatment plant, it can maintain a good skeleton and permeability, and quickly reduce the moisture content to 78-82% in the original dewatering process equipment, and the obtained dewatered sludge volume It is reduced to 1/4-1/10 of the remaining sludge volume, and the sewage treatment plant does not need to change the flocculation dewatering process system of the first stage; in the second stage, the dewatered sludge produced by the first stage flocculation dehydration is used by a twin-shaft stirring mixer Mix evenly with FeSO 4 7H 2 O and H 2 O 2 of Fenton's reagent in turn, and directly use Fenton's reagent to quickly and selectively oxidize and degrade EPS, the key component that hinders water discharge in the sludge, so that the water originally combined with EPS can be converted It is free water without pre-acidification, and the fluidity is improved to form sludge in a thick mud state that is easy to dewater. The fluidity reaches 90-120 mm and the water content is 85-88%. The sludge is transported to the plate and frame filter press for Solitaire deep filter dehydration, the density and strength of the mud cake are increased, which is conducive to transportation and further treatment, greatly reducing the total amount and cost of subsequent treatment and disposal of sludge, and has the effect of sterilization and disinfection , The plate and frame filter press is an oil pressurized filter press type, the pressure and pressurization time can be adjusted and controlled according to actual needs, and a very small amount of sludge water released can be collected through pipelines to the sewage treatment system for further treatment.
实施例1Example 1
一种选择性氧化的浓泥固结深度脱水方法,工艺流程如图1所示,污水处理厂产生的含水率高达96%的剩余污泥根据现有脱水工艺系统经PAM絮凝剂进行絮凝后再通过带式压滤机进行压滤脱水,得到含水率降至80%的脱水污泥,PAM的投加量为0.5% DS,随后在脱水污泥内掺入可溶的FeSO4·7H2O固体粉末,利用双轴搅拌混合器将脱水污泥与FeSO4·7H2O粉末混合均匀后再注入H2O2溶液,并进一步混匀促进Fenton氧化反应,选择性降解脱水污泥中的EPS物质,促使结合水向自由水转化并形成易于脱水的浓泥态,流动性提高80%,FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为45% DS,H2O2溶液的浓度为30%,投加量为0.33 mL/g DS,随后利用柱塞泵将浓泥态污泥泵入小型板框压滤机,待反应超过30 min开始进行固结深度脱水,设定脱水时间为30 min,压强为0.8-1.0 MPa,最终得到的深度脱水污泥的含水率降至50%,深度脱水污泥泥饼体积降为脱水污泥泥饼体积的35%,为相同压力但未经氧化调理的泥饼体积的50-60%,如图2所示。A selective oxidative thick mud consolidation deep dehydration method, the process flow shown in Figure 1, the residual sludge with a moisture content of up to 96% produced by the sewage treatment plant is flocculated with PAM flocculant according to the existing dewatering process system and then Press filter dewatering through a belt filter press to obtain dewatered sludge with a water content reduced to 80%. The dosage of PAM is 0.5% DS, and then soluble FeSO 4 7H 2 O is added to the dewatered sludge For solid powder, use a twin-shaft stirring mixer to mix dewatered sludge and FeSO 4 7H 2 O powder evenly, then inject H 2 O 2 solution, and further mix to promote Fenton oxidation reaction, and selectively degrade EPS in dewatered sludge Substances to promote the conversion of bound water to free water and form a thick mud state that is easy to dehydrate, and the fluidity is increased by 80%. The dosage of FeSO 4 7H 2 O is 45% DS, and the concentration of H 2 O 2 solution is 30%. The dosage is 0.33 mL/g DS, and then use the plunger pump to pump the thick sludge into the small plate and frame filter press. After the reaction exceeds 30 minutes, the consolidation depth dehydration is started, and the dehydration time is set to 30 minutes. The pressure is 0.8-1.0 MPa, the water content of the deep dewatered sludge finally obtained is reduced to 50%, and the volume of the deep dewatered sludge cake is reduced to 35% of the volume of the dewatered sludge cake, which is the same pressure but without oxidation conditioning. 50-60% of the mud cake volume, as shown in Figure 2.
实施例2Example 2
某污水处理厂的剩余污泥采用FeSO4絮凝剂进行絮凝,随后进行带式压滤脱水,得到含水率降至78-82%的脱水污泥,在Fenton氧化调理阶段无需再掺FeSO4·7H2O固体粉末,只需再掺入H2O2溶液即可,H2O2与FeSO4·7H2O的摩尔比为2:1,余同实施例1,Fe2+既有絮凝作用,又是后期Fenton试剂的原料,由于溶解态的Fe2+容易被空气氧化,因此掺入FeSO4·7H2O粉末与掺入H2O2溶液的间隔应控制在较短时间以内。The remaining sludge of a sewage treatment plant is flocculated with FeSO 4 flocculant, and then dewatered by belt filter press to obtain dewatered sludge with a moisture content reduced to 78-82%. No need to add FeSO 4 7H in the Fenton oxidation conditioning stage 2 O solid powder, just add H 2 O 2 solution, the molar ratio of H 2 O 2 to FeSO 4 7H 2 O is 2:1, the same as Example 1, Fe 2+ has flocculation , is also the raw material of Fenton’s reagent in the later stage. Since dissolved Fe 2+ is easily oxidized by air, the interval between adding FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O powder and adding H 2 O 2 solution should be controlled within a short time.
实施例3Example 3
某污泥坑老污泥经污水处理厂进行絮凝和压滤脱水,含水率降至78-82%,随后利用螺杆传送机抽出后采用双轴搅拌混合器将其与Fenton试剂的FeSO4·7H2O固体粉末混匀后再加入H2O2溶液,进行快速氧化反应, FeSO4·7H2O固体粉末的投加量为150 g/kg老污泥,H2O2溶液的浓度为30%,投加量为66 mL/kg老污泥,污泥内的结合水转化为自由水,形成易脱水的浓泥状态,转化率为35-40%,流动度提高88-92%,然后再输送回污泥坑,采用真空预压的方式处理20 d,压强设定为100 kPa,最终得到的深度脱水污泥的含水率降至低于55%,泥饼体积降至絮凝脱水后污泥泥饼体积的40%以下。The old sludge from a sludge pit was dewatered by flocculation and pressure filtration in a sewage treatment plant, and the water content was reduced to 78-82%. Then, it was extracted by a screw conveyor and mixed with FeSO 4 7H of Fenton’s reagent by a twin-shaft stirring mixer. 2 O solid powder was mixed and then added H 2 O 2 solution to carry out rapid oxidation reaction. The dosage of FeSO 4 7H 2 O solid powder was 150 g/kg old sludge, and the concentration of H 2 O 2 solution was 30 %, the dosage is 66 mL/kg of old sludge, the bound water in the sludge is converted into free water, forming a thick sludge state that is easy to dehydrate, the conversion rate is 35-40%, and the fluidity is increased by 88-92%. It is then transported back to the sludge pit, treated by vacuum pre-pressing for 20 days, and the pressure is set at 100 kPa. The moisture content of the finally obtained deep dewatered sludge is reduced to less than 55%, and the volume of the mud cake is reduced to that of the sludge after flocculation and dehydration. Less than 40% of the mud cake volume.
本发明提供了一种既无需改动现有污水处理厂的絮凝脱水工艺系统,又能有效降低污泥含水率及其体积的接龙式深度脱水方法,现有污水处理厂出厂的脱水污泥含水率为78-82%,经本发明深度脱水处理后得到的深度脱水污泥的含水率可降至48-55%,低于现有污水处理厂出厂的脱水污泥含水率,深度脱水污泥泥饼体积为现有污水处理厂出厂的脱水污泥体积的33-35%,为未经Fenton氧化处理而直接采用相同压力脱水处理后污泥泥饼体积的50-60%,减量化明显,操作简单,成本低廉,容易为污水处理厂接受,也适合在污泥坑污泥的减量化处理中得以应用,泥饼热值由于脱出更多水分的原因而得以增加,更利于后续处理处置,如焚烧、填埋、堆肥和建材化利用等。The invention provides a Solitaire deep dehydration method that does not need to modify the flocculation dehydration process system of the existing sewage treatment plant, and can effectively reduce the moisture content and volume of the sludge. The moisture content of the dewatered sludge delivered by the existing sewage treatment plant is 78-82%, the water content of the deep dewatered sludge obtained after the deep dehydration treatment of the present invention can be reduced to 48-55%, which is lower than the water content of the dewatered sludge delivered by the existing sewage treatment plant, and the deep dewatered sludge The cake volume is 33-35% of the volume of the dewatered sludge produced by the existing sewage treatment plant, and 50-60% of the volume of the sludge cake after direct dehydration treatment at the same pressure without Fenton oxidation treatment. The reduction is obvious. The operation is simple, the cost is low, and it is easily accepted by the sewage treatment plant. It is also suitable for application in the reduction treatment of sludge in the sludge pit. The calorific value of the mud cake increases due to the removal of more water, which is more conducive to subsequent treatment and disposal. , such as incineration, landfill, composting and utilization of building materials.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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