CN107270274B - Novel starting mode of ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit realizes unit full-load denitration input - Google Patents
Novel starting mode of ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit realizes unit full-load denitration input Download PDFInfo
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- CN107270274B CN107270274B CN201710556962.9A CN201710556962A CN107270274B CN 107270274 B CN107270274 B CN 107270274B CN 201710556962 A CN201710556962 A CN 201710556962A CN 107270274 B CN107270274 B CN 107270274B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
- F22B35/12—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type operating at critical or supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
- F22G5/04—Controlling superheat temperature by regulating flue gas flow, e.g. by proportioning or diverting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel starting mode of an ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit to realize full-load denitration investment of the unit, and relates to the technical field of coal-fired. The realization mode is as follows: 1. increasing the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer: the feed water temperature of the boiler is increased by adding a steam turbine high-low pressure system before the unit is connected to the grid, the feed water at the inlet of the economizer is heated by increasing the output of a boiler water circulating pump, and the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer is kept at about 260 ℃ all the time before the boiler is in a dry state; 2. adjusting and optimizing the excessive heating flue gas baffle: before the unit is connected to the grid, the opening of the excessive reheating flue gas baffle is reduced to 60 percent; 3. and (3) dry-wet state conversion optimization of the boiler: the dry-wet state conversion mode of three coal mills of a 30% BMCR load unit is changed into the dry-wet state conversion of four coal mills with loads above 40% BMCR. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the denitration device can realize that the denitration inlet flue gas temperature is higher than 300 ℃ before the unit is started and connected to the grid and is put into a denitration system, and the requirement that the denitration device can continuously and stably operate within the full load range is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire coal, in particular to a novel starting mode of an ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit for realizing full-load denitration investment of the unit.
Background
With the increasingly prominent problem of atmospheric environmental pollution including haze, which affects daily life, the requirements of people on environmental quality are higher and higher. There are several regulations in China that require the unit to meet the full-load denitration operation. After the implementation of the emission standard of atmospheric pollutants of thermal power plants (GB 13223-2011), the emission concentration of NOx of a boiler must be strictly lower than 100mg/m 3. For the key area along the river in Jiangsu, the emission concentration of the NOx in the boiler meets the requirement of ultra-low emission, namely less than 50mg/m 3. Like this, all must keep the denitrification facility operation under all normal operating condition of unit, otherwise, may face underload denitration commissioning rate and do not reach standard, lead to the power plant to pay blowdown fee or fine, also can cause very adverse effect to the acquisition of denitration electrovalence subsidy simultaneously.
In the prior art, a 4X 660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit is provided, the temperature of smoke at an inlet and an outlet of a denitration SCR reaches over 300 ℃, and the denitration system is allowed to be put into the unit. When the 30% BMCR working condition is in dry-state operation, the design flue gas temperature of the outlet of the economizer is 291.74 ℃, when the unit is in wet-state operation under the 30% load working condition, the flue gas temperature of the outlet of the economizer is 285 ℃, before the unit is started and connected to the grid, the flue gas temperature of the outlet of the economizer is about 280 ℃, and when the unit is in low-load operation, the denitration ammonia injection requirement in the normal load range of the SCR cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for realizing full-load denitration investment of a unit by a novel starting mode of an ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit with reasonable design aiming at the defects and the defects of the prior art, which changes the flow field distribution of flue gas in a furnace by improving the water supply temperature at the inlet of an economizer and adjusting the opening of a reheating flue gas baffle plate under the condition of analyzing the operation conditions of a boiler and an SCR on site and not carrying out any transformation on equipment, thereby improving the flue gas temperature at the inlet and the outlet of a denitration SCR to be more than 300 ℃ and realizing the investment denitration of the unit before grid connection.
In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the realization mode is as follows:
1. increasing the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer: according to the characteristics of boiler equipment, the feed water temperature of a boiler is improved by a steam turbine high-low heating system which is put into a boiler before the unit is connected to the grid, when the boiler is in a wet state, the feed water at the inlet of the economizer is heated by increasing the output of a boiler water circulating pump by utilizing the principle of an economizer water bypass, and the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer is kept to be about 260 ℃ all the time before the boiler is in a dry state, so that the heat absorbed by the economizer from flue gas is reduced, and the aim of improving the smoke temperature at the outlet of the economizer is fulfilled;
2. adjusting and optimizing the excessive heating flue gas baffle: before the unit is connected to the grid, the opening of the over-reheating flue gas baffle is respectively reduced to 60 percent, the flow speed of the flue gas in the furnace is changed, and the heat absorption capacity of a heating surface from the flue gas is reduced, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is increased;
3. and (3) dry-wet state conversion optimization of the boiler: the dry-wet state conversion mode of three coal mills of a 30% BMCR load unit is changed into dry-wet state conversion of four coal mills with loads above 40% BMCR, so that the main reheating steam temperature of the boiler is increased, the overall heat load of the boiler is increased, and the aim of increasing the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the denitration SCR is fulfilled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the denitration device can realize that the denitration inlet flue gas temperature is higher than 300 ℃ before the unit is started and connected to the grid and is put into a denitration system, and simultaneously, the denitration inlet flue gas temperature is not lower than 300 ℃ during peak shaving below 30% of load, and the requirement that the denitration device can continuously and stably operate within a full load range is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: the specific mode is as follows:
1. increasing the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer:
(1) after the boiler is ignited, the deaerator is heated by auxiliary steam, and the temperature of feed water in the deaerator is always kept above 120 ℃;
(2) during the steam turbine warming-up period of 2500rpm, gradually putting into a high-low heating system so as to improve the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer, ensuring that the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer reaches more than 250 ℃ before the unit is connected to the grid, and gradually closing the opening of a high side regulating valve after the steam turbine reaches a constant speed of 3000rpm so as to improve the main steam pressure to about 8.5MPa and improve the water supply temperature at the high heating outlet as much as possible;
(3) the output of a boiler water circulating pump is increased when the boiler is in a wet state, and the hot water with higher temperature in the water storage tank is used for heating the feed water at the inlet of the economizer, so that the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer is kept above 250 ℃ before the unit is connected to the grid;
(4) the boiler water discharge is reduced, and zero discharge is achieved as much as possible by adjusting the water level of the water storage tank, so that the water supply amount of the boiler is reduced, and the feed water with lower temperature is prevented from entering the economizer;
(5) when the boiler is in a wet state, the load rising speed is relatively slow, and the phenomenon that the water supply quantity at the inlet of the economizer is increased greatly and the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer is reduced greatly due to the fact that the water supply quantity at the inlet of the economizer is increased greatly due to rapid load rising is avoided.
2. Adjusting and optimizing the excessive heating flue gas baffle:
(1) before the steam turbine washes the car, the superheated flue gas baffle and the reheated flue gas baffle are kept in a 100% full-open state;
(2) after the steam turbine washes the car, the hot flue gas baffle and the reheated flue gas baffle are simultaneously closed to 60% of opening, the flow velocity of the flue gas in the furnace is changed, and the heat absorption capacity of a heating surface from the flue gas is reduced, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is increased;
(3) after the denitration system is put into use, when the temperature of the smoke at two sides is deviated, the opening degree of the over-reheating smoke baffle is adjusted to eliminate the thermal deviation, and the sum of the total opening degrees of the over-reheating smoke baffle is kept unchanged at 120%.
3. Boiler combustion adjustment and optimization:
(1) the operation of the A coal pulverizing system is kept before the unit is connected to the grid, the A coal pulverizing system is mixed with high-heat-value coal, generally, the tower-quality coal is taken as a main coal, and the condition that the main reheating steam can be heated to about 500 ℃ by a coal mill before the unit is connected to the grid is ensured;
(2) during the warming-up period of the steam turbine at 2500rpm, the induced draft fan and the primary fan are parallelly sent to two sides, the total air quantity of the boiler is kept at 1400-1500T/H, the air quantity of the boiler is increased, and therefore the flue gas temperature of the boiler is increased;
(3) after the induced draft fans on the two sides and the primary air fan run in parallel, the hot standby state of 6 pulverizing systems is recovered, and all defects are eliminated for the stable load rise of the later-stage unit after the grid connection;
(4) increasing the central height of the flame: before the unit is connected to the grid, except that the larger opening degree of a secondary air door of the A powder preparation system is kept, other secondary air doors and additional air are closed, the differential pressure of a secondary air bellow is improved by about 1.0KPa, and meanwhile, a swing angle combustor is lowered to a higher height, so that the central height of flame is improved; after the unit is connected to the grid, a pulverizing system starts corresponding secondary air before starting, and the air pressure difference is maintained to be more than 0.6 KPa;
(5) after the blowers are arranged in parallel, the differential pressure of the air boxes is increased, and the recirculation of hot air is kept fully opened to more than 50 percent of BMCR load.
4. Optimizing the main reheat steam temperature of the boiler: the flue gas temperature at the inlet and outlet of the denitration SCR is improved by improving the temperature of the main reheat steam. The influence of the steam temperature of the boiler on the flue gas temperature is large, and the flue gas temperature is correspondingly increased when the steam temperature is increased. Therefore, the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased to 430-450 ℃ during the steam turbine warming-up period, the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased after the warming-up is finished, the temperature of the main reheat steam is ensured to be more than 490 ℃ before grid connection, and the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased to 550 ℃ after the unit is connected to the grid.
5. And (3) dry-wet state conversion optimization of the boiler: the traditional dry-wet state conversion of the ultra-supercritical boiler is generally carried out by selecting three powder making systems with 30% BMCR load, the traditional dry-wet state conversion mode is changed, and four powder making systems with 40% BMCR load in a unit are selected for conversion. And starting the next set of powder making system immediately after the dry state of the boiler is switched, and stopping the A powder making system.
6. Optimizing the warm-up time of the steam turbine: the steam turbine warm-up time is changed from traditional 1.5 hours to 3.5 hours, and the warm-up effect is realized, so that the boiler flue gas temperature is further increased.
The 4 x 660MW boiler is an ultra-supercritical parameter variable-pressure operation direct-current boiler, the ultra-supercritical parameter and type are arranged in an II shape, the middle reheating is performed once, a single hearth is performed, the balanced ventilation is performed, a four-wall tangential circle combustion mode is adopted, the design fuel is bituminous coal, and the product type is HG-2000/26.15-YM 3. The temperature of the flue gas at the inlet and outlet of the denitration SCR reaches above 300 ℃, and the flue gas is allowed to be fed into a denitration system.
The denitration system of the No. 1-4 furnace adopts a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method to achieve the aim of removing NOx in flue gas. The design efficiency of the denitration system can reach 81 percent, the denitration efficiency of the three-layer catalyst can reach 90 percent, the maximum use temperature of the catalyst is allowed to be 420 ℃, the minimum use temperature is allowed to be 300 ℃, and the ammonia escape rate is less than 3 ppm. The temperature of the inlet and outlet of the normal denitration SCR of the No. 1-4 furnace is controlled at 420 ℃ of 300-.
The boiler starting system is provided with a recirculation pump system, the two vertical built-in steam-water separators are arranged above the rear part of the boiler, and all working media of the boiler ceiling wall-wrapping system led out from a header on a rear vertical shaft wall-wrapping pipe are sent into the two steam-water separators through 4 connecting pipes. In the starting stage, the separated water is connected with a water storage tank of a vertical separator through a water communicating pipe, the separated steam is sent to a lower collecting tank of the horizontal low-temperature superheater, and the water in the water storage tank of the separator is sent to an inlet of the economizer through a recirculating pump.
The flue gas flows through a separating screen superheater, a final reheater and a tail steering chamber of an upper hearth in sequence, and then enters a front tail flue shaft and a rear tail flue shaft which are divided by a separating wall, the flue gas flows through a low-temperature reheater and a front-stage economizer in the front shaft, the other part of the flue gas flows through the low-temperature superheater and the rear-stage economizer, flue gas distribution baffles are arranged at outlets of the front and rear separating shafts, and the flue gas flows through the distribution baffles and then is discharged to the atmosphere through a connecting flue, a denitration SCR, a rotary air preheater, an electric precipitator, an induced draft fan and a desulfurization device.
Through multiple unit starting tests, the unique ultra-supercritical unit starting mode is summarized, a power generation company respectively tests in the starting processes of No. 1 and No. 2 in 2017, 19 days in month and 11 days in month 6, and the flue gas temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the denitration SCR reaches more than 300 ℃ before the unit is started and connected to the grid, so that the denitration system is kept to be put into operation completely, and meanwhile, the requirement that the denitration inlet flue gas temperature is not lower than 300 ℃ during peak regulation below 30% of load is met, and the requirement that a denitration device can continuously and stably operate in a full load range is met.
Through the innovative starting mode of the ultra-supercritical boiler, a power generation company realizes that the ultra-supercritical boiler is put into a denitration system under the condition of not reforming equipment. The invention can realize the purpose of protecting the environment and save about 3500 ten thousand yuan of equipment modification cost for companies.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A starting method for realizing full-load denitration investment of a unit by an ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit is characterized by comprising the following implementation modes:
(1) and improving the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer: according to the characteristics of boiler equipment, the feed water temperature of a boiler is improved by a high-low feeding system of a steam turbine before the grid connection of a unit, when the boiler is in a wet state, the feed water at the inlet of the economizer is heated by increasing the output of a boiler water circulating pump by using the principle of economizer water bypass, and the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer before the dry state of the boiler is kept to be about 260 ℃; after the boiler is ignited, the deaerator is heated by auxiliary steam, and the temperature of feed water in the deaerator is always kept above 120 ℃; during the steam turbine heating up period at 2500rpm, gradually putting into a high-low heating system so as to improve the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer, ensuring that the water supply temperature at the inlet of the economizer reaches more than 250 ℃ before the unit is connected to the grid, gradually closing the opening of a high side regulating valve after the steam turbine reaches a constant speed of 3000rpm so as to improve the main steam pressure to about 8.5MPa and improve the water supply temperature at a high heating outlet as much as possible; the output of a boiler water circulating pump is increased when the boiler is in a wet state, and the hot water with higher temperature in the water storage tank is used for heating the feed water at the inlet of the economizer, so that the feed water temperature at the inlet of the economizer is kept above 250 ℃ before the unit is connected to the grid; the boiler water discharge is reduced, and zero discharge is achieved as much as possible by adjusting the water level of the water storage tank, so that the water supply amount of the boiler is reduced; when the boiler is in a wet state, the load rising speed is relatively slow, and the situation that the water supply quantity at the inlet of the economizer is increased more due to rapid load rising is avoided;
(2) adjusting and optimizing the reheating smoke baffle: before the steam turbine washes the car, the superheated flue gas baffle and the reheated flue gas baffle are kept in a 100% full-open state; after the steam turbine washes the car, the hot flue gas baffle and the reheated flue gas baffle are simultaneously closed to 60% of opening, the flow velocity of the flue gas in the furnace is changed, and the heat absorption capacity of a heating surface from the flue gas is reduced, so that the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer is increased; after the denitration system is put into use, when the temperature of the smoke at two sides is deviated, the opening degree of the over-reheating smoke baffle is adjusted to eliminate the thermal deviation, and the sum of the total opening degrees of the over-reheating smoke baffle is kept unchanged at 120%;
(3) and dry-wet state conversion optimization of the boiler: the dry-wet state conversion mode of three coal mills of a 30% BMCR load unit is changed into that of four coal mills with loads above 40% BMCR, so that the main reheating steam temperature of the boiler is increased, and the overall heat load of the boiler is increased;
(4) and adjusting and optimizing boiler combustion: the operation of the A coal pulverizing system is kept before the unit is connected to the grid, the A coal pulverizing system is mixed with blended coal, the tower is mainly used for optimizing the coal, and the condition that the main reheating steam can be heated to about 500 ℃ by a coal mill before the unit is connected to the grid is ensured; during the warming-up period of the steam turbine at 2500rpm, an induced draft fan and a primary fan are arranged at two sides in parallel, the total air volume of the boiler is kept at 1400-1500T/H, and the air volume of the boiler is increased; after the induced draft fans on the two sides and the primary air fan run in parallel, the hot standby state of 6 pulverizing systems is recovered; increasing the central height of the flame: before the unit is connected to the grid, except that the larger opening degree of a secondary air door of the A powder preparation system is kept, other secondary air doors and additional air are closed, the differential pressure of a secondary air bellow is increased by about 1.0KPa, and a swing angle burner is swung to a higher height, so that the central height of flame is increased; after the unit is connected to the grid, a pulverizing system starts corresponding secondary air before starting, and the air pressure difference is maintained to be more than 0.6 KPa; increasing the differential pressure of the air boxes after the blowers are arranged in parallel, and keeping the recirculation of hot air fully opened to more than 50 percent of BMCR load;
(5) optimizing the main reheat steam temperature of the boiler: the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet and the outlet of the denitration SCR is increased by increasing the temperature of the main reheating steam, the influence of the temperature of the boiler steam on the temperature of the flue gas is large, and the temperature of the flue gas is correspondingly increased by increasing the temperature of the steam; therefore, the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased to 430-450 ℃ during the steam turbine warming-up period, the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased after the warming-up is finished, the temperature of the main reheat steam is ensured to be more than 490 ℃ before grid connection, and the temperature of the main reheat steam is gradually increased to 550 ℃ after the unit is connected to the grid; the warm-up time of the turbine is changed from the conventional 1.5 hours to 3.5 hours.
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| CN108613165A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-02 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司上海石洞口第二电厂 | Come into operation the control method of denitrification apparatus before a kind of fired power generating unit startup stage is grid-connected |
| CN108954283B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2019-10-29 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Overcritical or extra-supercritical unit hygrometric state become a cadre state process automatic control method |
| CN109323238B (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-07-17 | 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 | Denitration method for supercritical direct current furnace during 8 hours of cold start |
| CN110542109A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-06 | 大唐郓城发电有限公司 | Double reheat boiler tail three-flue and installation method thereof |
| CN112774431B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-05-24 | 大唐国际发电股份有限公司陡河发电厂 | Method for putting thermal power plant denitration system into operation |
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| CN112221345B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-11-30 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司上海石洞口第二电厂 | Automatic control method for boiler flue gas baffle of ultra-supercritical generator set |
| CN112361320A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-02-12 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Be applied to subcritical parameter and following wide load denitration of control circulation coal fired boiler device |
| CN114768523A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-22 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | SCR full-load denitration system of thermal generator set |
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