CN107251995A - A kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute and preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107251995A CN107251995A CN201710606795.4A CN201710606795A CN107251995A CN 107251995 A CN107251995 A CN 107251995A CN 201710606795 A CN201710606795 A CN 201710606795A CN 107251995 A CN107251995 A CN 107251995A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, by weight, including 30 ~ 80 parts of nonprotein nitrogen material, 15 ~ 70 parts of expanded starch, 5 ~ 15 parts of inorganic salts, 0.005 ~ 10 part of urease inhibitor, 2 ~ 10 parts of table sugar.Its preparation method is, 1）Prepare expanded starch；2）Expanded starch carries out co-grinding with nonprotein nitrogen material grainses, adds inorganic salts, urease inhibitor, is mixed and stirred for uniform, mixed material processed；3）Table sugar is added, and adds proper amount of clear water, stirs, prepares particle；4）Low temperature drying, rubbing sieving, obtains finished product.During feeding, 2 5% are added to feed by mass percentage, corresponding to reduce the protein feeds 6 17.5% such as dregs of beans, after feeding ruminant domestic animal is searched for food 0.5 1 hours, can give normal water.Product of the present invention can be directly appended to be eaten in the feed of ruminant domestic animal, can replace protein feeds, save protein resource, reduce feed cost, be prevented effectively from generation poisonous and harmful substance, increase economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of animal, a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute and its preparation are specifically referred to
Method and application.
Background technology
Since late nineteenth century, it has been found that ruminant tumor gastric microorganism, it is possible to use simple nonprotein is nitrogenous
(NPN) it has been that this is right both at home and abroad since material synthetic protein feeding ruminant, the fact that can save a large amount of protein feeds
Extensive further investigation and discussion have been carried out in how to be fed with cattle and sheep using urea, and has made great progress and achieves.Mesh
It is preceding worldwide, as ruminant nonprotein nitrogen feed resource develop main object be urea.With the U.S.
Exemplified by, in the 1000000 tons of NPN compounds utilized as feed resource, about more than 80% is urea.Urea has very high
Protein equivalent, the theoretical protein matter equivalent of its sterling is up to 292%.
China is the country of a protein feeds very famine.According to data, China's protein feeds is total within 2015
Consumption figure is 67,500,000 tons, and importation dependence improved 10 percentage points more than 80% than 2010.Wherein, dregs of beans 50,500,000
Ton, basic to be produced by imported soybean, 10,600,000 tons of rapeseed dregs, 30% by the production of import vegetable seed, 1,500,000 tons of fish meal, 85%
By import.Following 5-10, estimated average annual ten thousand tons of the 100-125 of growth of China's protein feeds raw materials requirement.Therefore, protein is raised
Material raw material will not change by the general layout of import.So, while the ruminant domestic animals such as ox, sheep are greatly developed, sufficiently and reasonably
Using Nonprotein nitrogen feed additive, so as to saving protein feeds, protein feeds raw material is reduced as far as possible and relies on import, is had
Very important realistic meaning.
Urea is that a kind of quite varied nonprotein nitrogen feed, still, existing urine are applied in current ruminant domestic animal feed
The utilization of element, most of is that urea is directly appended in premixing feedstuff to feed cattle and sheep.Because urea decomposes too fast in cud
(exceeding 4 times that microorganism utilizes speed), most of tunning does not utilize synthesising thalli protein by rumen microorganism
Matter, but directly excreted through cud wall Absorption And Metabolism so that the utilization rate reduction of urea, and have the danger of poisoning.
Therefore, cattle and sheep are fed with using urea, are somewhat limited so as to saving protein feeds, fail extensive popularization so far
Using.
Currently, China is fed with cattle and sheep method using nonprotein nitrogen, and 3 kinds can be divided into from type of service：
One is, is directly appended to nonprotein nitrogen in tangerine bar feed, and ammonification is carried out to various tangerine bars, disappears improving roughage
While rate, the purpose of increase feed nitrogen content is reached.This method past in China using quite varied, nitrogen source used with
Based on urea, also useful liquid ammonia, ammoniacal liquor, ammonium sulfate etc..The key of ammonification is that requirement water content is suitable, and sealing can not be saturating
Gas.But processing of putting poison is had to pass through before feeding, volume is larger, storage transport is inconvenient, lose big during ammonification, therefore this method
Seldom application now.
Two are, urea is made and licks block, are freely licked for ruminant domestic animal.Existing country's urea licks block and commonly uses the low-pressure machinery method of forming
Produced, to avoid cattle and sheep from licking mostly occurring poisoning, add and a certain amount of grinds tangerine bar or rice husk to reduce the amount of licking.This
Outside, it should typically avoid drenching with rain or softening during placement, otherwise cattle and sheep can be made to lick excess.The maximum shortcoming of this product is can not
Add, promoted the use of by a definite limitation in ruminant domestic animal full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement.
Three are, various slow released urea type derivatives are made.Urea is using quite varied during current ruminant is raised
When a kind of Nonprotein nitrogen feed is directly appended to urea to feed cattle and sheep in feed, because urea decomposes too fast (super in cud
Cross 4 times that microorganism utilizes speed), most of tunning does not utilize synthesising thalli protein matter by rumen microorganism, and
It is directly to be excreted through cud wall Absorption And Metabolism so that the utilization rate reduction of urea, and has the danger of poisoning.Therefore,
In order to reach that urea is sustained purpose in ruminal degradation, various spacetabs type urea fodders are made in usual high temperature and high pressure method, produce
Various derivatives or composite urea product realize this purpose.Such as urea and cereal starch, tapioca, potato starch
By heating pressurized treatments, plastered starch urea is produced；And for example urea be heated to 130-150 DEG C dissolve after add humic acid
Sodium, produces humic urea；Etc..The major defect of such product of this method production is：Because urea is to thermally labile, work as urine
Condensation reaction can occur after (132.7 DEG C) for heated dissolve of element, produce the harmful poisonous pairs such as biuret, contracting triuret, cyanuric acid
Product.In recent years, find to be used to be fed with the breast such as cow in milk, lactation sheep often having the residual such as biuret, therefore such product is unsuitable
Used in milk animal feed.
In summary, prior art, which is primarily present problem, is：
Firstth, urea is directly appended in premixing feedstuff feed cattle and sheep.Because urea decomposes too fast (exceed in cud
Microorganism utilizes 4 times of speed), most of tunning does not utilize synthesising thalli protein matter by rumen microorganism, but
Directly excreted through cud wall Absorption And Metabolism so that the utilization rate reduction of urea, and have the danger of poisoning.
Secondth, it is directly appended to nonprotein nitrogen such as urea in tangerine bar feed, is to the key that various tangerine bars carry out ammonification
It is required that water content is suitable, sealing can not breathe freely.But processing of putting poison is had to pass through before feeding, volume is larger, storage transport is not
It is convenient, lose big during ammonification, therefore this method is seldom applied now.
3rd, urea is made in urea and licks block, be only capable of freely licking for ruminant domestic animal.The maximum shortcoming of this product is not
Can be added in ruminant domestic animal full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement, it is impossible to be used in prepare ruminant domestic animal full price mixed fodder and
Concentrate supplement, is promoted the use of by a definite limitation.
4th, urea and cereal starch, potato starch, sodium humate etc. are handled by heating means, production gelatinization is formed sediment
The composite slow release type urea fodder product such as powder urea.The major defect of the product of this method production is：Because urea is to hot unstable
It is fixed, can occur condensation reaction after urea is heated dissolves (132.7 DEG C), produce that biuret, contracting triuret, cyanuric acid etc. are harmful to be had
The byproduct of poison.In recent years, find to be used to be fed with the breast such as cow in milk, lactation sheep often having the residual such as biuret, therefore such production
Product should not be used in milk animal feed.
5th, some slow released urea type products are because of technological deficiency, and urea decomposes still too fast in cud, and slow release effect is not
Ideal, some can even occur poisoning with urea problem.
6th, production cost is high, is difficult popularization and application.
The content of the invention
Protein resource is saved it is an object of the invention to provide one kind, feed cost is reduced, without any venomous injurant
The ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute of matter residual.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the specific preparation method of the ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute in ruminant domestic animal feed
Concrete application.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, by weight, including
30~80 parts of nonprotein nitrogen material, 15~70 parts of expanded starch, 5~15 parts of inorganic salts, 0.005~10 part of urease inhibitor, food
With sugar 2~10 parts.
The principle process of ruminant nonprotein nitrogen is as follows in the technical program：
Based on above-mentioned principle, nonprotein nitrogen material is by the core technology that ruminant domestic animal absorbs conversion, nonprotein nitrogen thing
If slow release speed of the matter in cud, excessive velocities, ruminant domestic animal not only can not carry out swing absorption to it well, even
Can occur poisoning with urea problem.
The technical program uses the expanded starch with extremely strong adsorption capacity, makes it can be as binding agent by nonprotein nitrogen thing
Matter is wrapped up, and can make Production of Microbial Protein in the Rumen raising 48.9% in ammonia nitrogen concentration reduction by 20.7%, cud in cud, and starch
Degraded energy supply speed is accelerated after gelatinization, is conducive to ruminant domestic animal rumen microorganism to make full use of nonprotein nitrogen material to synthesize thalline egg
White matter is utilized for body.In addition, also adding urease inhibitor, urease inhibitor to nonprotein nitrogen material there is similar chemistry to tie
Structure, can compete urase with nonprotein nitrogen material and produce competitively inhibitory action to nonprotein nitrogen substance decomposition, so that non-
Ammonia in albumen nitrogen material can slowly be discharged in cud, and ammonia synthesis is made full use of beneficial to ruminant domestic animal rumen microorganism
Bacterium protein is used for body.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further, by weight, including 50 parts of nonprotein nitrogen material, it is expanded to form sediment
25.98 parts of powder, 6.5 parts of inorganic salts, 0.02 part of urease inhibitor, 5 parts of molasses.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further, the nonprotein nitrogen material be urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate,
At least one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, IBDU, urea phosphate；
The expanded starch is at least one of expanded corn starch, puffed cereal starch, expanded potato starch；
The inorganic salts be sodium sulphate, potassium sulfate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, cobaltous sulfate at least
It is a kind of；
The urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphorus
At least one in sour hydrogen dipotassium, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesia, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate
Kind；
The table sugar is molasses or sucrose.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further, the nonprotein nitrogen material is urea, and expanded starch is expanded jade
Ground rice, inorganic salts are sodium sulphate, and urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, and table sugar is molasses.Have in cornstarch 27% it is straight
Chain starch, 73% amylopectin.Amylose is not the straight chain of extended configuration, and be due to intramolecular hydrogen bond effect and
Curl is crimped, intermolecular hydrogen bonding is advantageously formed.Amylopectin has the structure of the branch of a height, short by many bars
Chain is constituted.Through 120-170 DEG C of high temperature puffing, in this moment, because corn is dropped suddenly to normal temperature and pressure state, huge energy
Amount is discharged suddenly, is evaporated in the water vapor of superheat state, its volume is inflatable 2000 times or so, so as to generate huge
The bulbs of pressure, can crack amylum body, and degraded, almost all dextrin, gelatinization rate reaches more than 95%.After cornstarch is expanded
Stable loose structure is then formed, with extremely strong adsorption capacity, can be answered as Absorption for Urea binding agent for producing spacetabs type
Close expanded starch urea.Two are, using expanded corn starch and urea be pulverized and mixed uniformly, make expanded corn starch to urine
Element is coated with.Meanwhile, the glycosyl being broken in expanded starch, the i.e. amino with urea react, and form expanded corn and form sediment
Powder urea complex makes urea discharge slowing for ammonia, and ammonia nitrogen concentration in cud can be made to reduce microorganism in 20.7%, cud
Protein output, which improves degraded energy supply speed after 48.9%, and starch gelatinization, to be accelerated, and is conducive to ruminant domestic animal rumen microorganism
Urea synthesizing bacterium protein is made full use of to be utilized for body.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further, by weight, by weight, in addition to 0.5~25 part has
Machine acid or acylate, the organic acid or acylate are sodium humate, humic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, sorb
In acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid
It is at least one.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further, the organic acid or acylate are sodium humate, and its weight
Part is 12.5 parts.Sodium humate is the one kind being processed into by raw material of weathered coal, peat and lignite through special process with many
The macromolecular organic monoacid sodium salt of function is planted, its structure is more complicated, because humic acid molecular weight itself is larger, in certain medium
In can also be associated with bigger particle, therefore with colloid property and adsorption capacity, form good ion exchange and catalysis made
With.Sodium humate can be organically combined with nonprotein nitrogen, generate stable valence bond, and then reduce the release speed of nitrogen in nonprotein nitrogen
Degree.In addition, sodium humate also has reversible inhibition to urease activity so that the ammonia in nonprotein nitrogen material is obtained in release
To being further sustained, rumen microorganism is more beneficial for using synthesising thalli protein matter, poisoning is prevented, the profit of nonprotein nitrogen is improved
With rate.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, comprises the following steps：
(1) prepare water content and be not more than 10%, unit weight is 230~275g/L, and gelatinization rate is not less than 95% expanded starch；
(2) obtained expanded starch is subjected to co-grinding with nonprotein nitrogen material grainses in proportion, then be proportionally added into
Inorganic salts, urease inhibitor, are mixed and stirred for uniform, obtained mixed material；
(3) table sugar is added into obtained mixed material by a certain percentage, and adds suitable quantity of water, is stirred, by it
It is in particle to prepare；
(4) particle prepared is subjected to low temperature drying, is cooled to after room temperature and crumples, cross 20~30 mesh sieves, produce and contain
Water is not higher than 10% final products.
The preparation method of the ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute uses expanded starch and urine with extremely strong adsorption capacity
Element together with nonprotein nitrogen material under normal temperature condition crush, mix and granulation and low temperature drying and be made, can avoid non-
Albumen nitrogen material is heated unstable, poisonous and harmful substance is produced, so as to prevent to exist in feed asking for poisonous and harmful substance residual
Topic.
It is further, swollen in the step (1) in order to preferably carry out the preparation of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute
Change starch is expanded corn powder, and its specific preparation process is：By the former particle of corn by preliminary blower fan, clean, magnetic separation and screen cloth
Remove metal impurities, then by pulverizer coarse crushing, in high temperature (120~170 DEG C), high pressure (15~19.5Mpa) condition
Under, act on 5~10s, through mechanical shearing, rub, rub and pressure differential comprehensive function extrusion discharge, cool down 1 after discharging
~2h is produced.
Above-mentioned ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute is as the application of ruminant domestic animal protein feed, and concrete application method is：
2-5%, which is added in full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement, by mass percentage feeds ruminant domestic animal, while accordingly reducing beans
The protein feeds 6-17.5% such as dregs of rice, after feeding ruminant domestic animal is searched for food 0.5-1 hours, can give normal water.This ruminates house
Poultry protein feed substitute can be mixed into common whole family's feed edible for ruminant domestic animal directly as protein feeds, use process
In can not drink water simultaneously, it is to avoid poisoning.
In order to preferably apply the present invention, further, based on diet dry substance, the full price mixed fodder or fine fodder are mended
Gross protein value is not more than 10~12% in charge.
The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below and beneficial effect：
(1) present invention using expanded starch and urea with extremely strong adsorption capacity together with nonprotein nitrogen material in normal temperature
Under the conditions of crush, mixing and granulation and low temperature drying and be made；Avoid nonprotein nitrogen material by thermally labile, generation is poisonous to be had
Evil material；
(2) present invention makes it can be as binding agent by nonprotein nitrogen thing using the expanded starch with extremely strong adsorption capacity
Matter is wrapped up, and the ammonia in nonprotein nitrogen material is slowly discharged in cud, is filled beneficial to ruminant domestic animal rumen microorganism
Divide and utilized using ammonia synthesis bacterium protein for body；
(3) present invention is also added with urease inhibitor, can compete urase with nonprotein nitrogen material, and to nonprotein nitrogen material
Decompose and produce competitively inhibitory action, further rate of release of the reduction ammonia in cud, beneficial to the micro- life of ruminant domestic animal cud
Thing makes full use of ammonia synthesis bacterium protein to be utilized for body；
(4) product preparation method of the present invention is relatively easy, and stability preferably, is transported more convenient, it is easy to which promoting should
With；
(5) product of the present invention can be directly appended to carry out in the feed of ruminant domestic animal feeding, can replace ruminating house
Protein feeds is raiseeed, protein resource is saved, feed cost is reduced, increases economic efficiency, with very important realistic meaning.
Embodiment
For the purpose of the present invention, process conditions and advantage effect is more clearly understood, with reference to following embodiment, to this
Invention is described in further detail, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this, is not departing from above-mentioned technological thought feelings of the invention
Under condition, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, various replacements and change are made, the model of the present invention all should be included in
In enclosing, specific implementation example described herein is not intended to limit the present invention only to explain the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment provides a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, by weight, including 50 parts of urea, expanded jade
25.98 parts of rice starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulphate, 0.02 part of acetohydroxamic acid, 5 parts of molasses.
The specific preparation method of the ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, comprises the following steps：
(1) by the former particle of corn by preliminary blower fan, clean, metal impurities are removed in magnetic separation and screen cloth, then pass through powder
Broken machine coarse crushing, under the conditions of high temperature (120~170 DEG C), high pressure (15~19.5Mpa), act on 5~10s, through mechanical shearing,
Rub, rub and pressure differential comprehensive function extrusion discharging, after discharging cool down 1~2h produce, the expanded jade prepared
Rice starch water content is not more than 10%, and unit weight is 230~275g/L, and gelatinization rate is not less than 95%；
(2) obtained expanded corn starch is subjected to co-grinding with urea granules in proportion, then is proportionally added into sulfuric acid
Sodium, acetohydroxamic acid, are mixed and stirred for uniform, obtained mixed material；
(3) molasses are added into obtained mixed material by a certain percentage, and add proper amount of clear water, are stirred, by it
It is in particle to prepare；
(4) particle prepared is subjected to low temperature drying, is cooled to after room temperature and crumples, cross 20~30 mesh sieves, produce and contain
Water is not higher than 10% final products.
When for ruminant domestic animal feeding, 2-5% is added in full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement by mass percentage
Ruminant domestic animal is fed, while accordingly reducing the protein feeds 6-17.5% such as dregs of beans, feeding ruminant domestic animal is searched for food 0.5-1 hours
Afterwards, normal water can be given.
Wherein, based on diet dry substance, gross protein value is not more than 10~12% full price mixed fodder or fine fodder is mended
Charge using effect is the most notable.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment provides the component of another ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute on the basis of above-described embodiment
Formula, by weight, including 50 parts of urea, 25.98 parts of expanded corn starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulphate, acetohydroxamic acid 0.02
Part, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of molasses.
The specific preparation method of the ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, comprises the following steps：
(1) by the former particle of corn by preliminary blower fan, clean, metal impurities are removed in magnetic separation and screen cloth, then pass through powder
Broken machine coarse crushing, under the conditions of high temperature (120~170 DEG C), high pressure (15~19.5Mpa), act on 5~10s, through mechanical shearing,
Rub, rub and pressure differential comprehensive function extrusion discharging, after discharging cool down 1~2h produce, the expanded jade prepared
Rice starch water content is not more than 10%, and unit weight is 230~275g/L, and gelatinization rate is not less than 95%；
(2) obtained expanded corn starch is subjected to co-grinding with urea granules in proportion, then is proportionally added into sulfuric acid
Sodium, acetohydroxamic acid, sodium humate, are mixed and stirred for uniform, obtained mixed material；
(3) molasses are added into obtained mixed material by a certain percentage, and add proper amount of clear water, are stirred, by it
It is in particle to prepare；
(4) particle prepared is subjected to low temperature drying, is cooled to after room temperature and crumples, cross 20~30 mesh sieves, produce and contain
Water is not higher than 10% final products.
Its feeding process is same as the previously described embodiments, is not repeating here.
Sodium humate can be organically combined with urea, generate stable valence bond, and then reduce the rate of release of urea nitrogen.Separately
Outside, sodium humate also has reversible inhibition to urease activity, can make urea slow balanced release in cud, be more beneficial for
Rumen microorganism utilizes synthesising thalli protein matter, prevents poisoning with urea, improves the utilization rate of urea.Therefore the present embodiment is being ruminated
Sodium humate is added in the component formula of domestic animal protein feed substitute.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment on the basis of above-described embodiment there is provided a kind of other components formula, by weight, including bicarbonate
50 parts of ammonium, 21 parts of expanded potato starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulphate, 5 parts of fumaric acid, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of sucrose.
Its preparation process and feeding process are same as the previously described embodiments, are not repeating here.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment on the basis of above-described embodiment there is provided a kind of other components formula, by weight, including phosphoric acid hydrogen
Two 50 parts of ammoniums, 21 parts of puffed cereal starch, 6.5 parts of sodium sulphate, 5 parts of sodium phosphate, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of sucrose.
Using above-mentioned 4 embodiments as experimental group, following experimental analysis is done respectively：
1st, safe contrast test：
(1) starch micelle particle slow release strength comparison test
The main sustained release principle of existing corn urea type is processed by being wrapped in urea to corn flour (based on starch)
The gel pellet formed afterwards, the process gradually leached in cud is to have reached the slow release effect to urea.Because we can not
The phenomenon in this cud is observed directly, passes through of the in-vitro simulated ruminal environment condition of ox to different corn urea types
Grain carries out the process testing that parcel leaches phenomenon.As shown in table 1：
The starch micelle particle slow release strength comparison test's tables of data of table one
Experiment shows：Each component can play slow releasing function, and the wherein slow release effect of urea is best, experimental group 1 and experiment
The slow release effect of group 2 preferably, can reduce the release efficiency of more than 80% nitrogen, have notable synergistic effect to sustained release.It is wherein real
The slow release effect for testing group 2 is especially prominent, and being primarily due to sodium humate and urea can organically combine, and generates stable valence bond,
And then reduce the rate of release of urea nitrogen.In addition, sodium humate also has reversible inhibition to urease activity, urea can be made to exist
Slow balanced release, is more beneficial for rumen microorganism using synthesising thalli protein matter, prevents poisoning with urea, improve urea in cud
Utilization rate.
(2) during existing every use urea is made for the substitute of protein feed, urea necessarily through 132.7 DEG C with
Upper high temperature carries out heating and dissolved, and urea must will necessarily produce biuret this class harmful and noxious substance in heating process, such
Harmful and noxious substance has certain infringement to ruminant domestic animal.And the original kind as feed addictive of biuret, in country
The Ministry of Agriculture announces on December 30th, 2013《Catalogue of feed additive varieties (2013)》In given and deleted.
The content of biuret is produced for test, spy does following experiment：
Control group：Urea 100g is placed in beaker, at normal temperatures, adds water and treats urea all dissolvings, then test its contracting
Two urea contents；
Experimental group 1：Urea 100g is placed in beaker, 130-150 DEG C is heated to, urea all dissolvings is treated, stirs 15-30
Stop after minute, be milled to 40 mesh graininess after being spontaneously dried in about 2 hours, then test its Biuret Content；
Experimental group 2：Products obtained therefrom in 100g embodiment 1 is taken, its Biuret Content is tested；
Experimental group 3：Products obtained therefrom in 100g embodiment 2 is taken, its Biuret Content is tested.
Specific test result, as shown in table 2：
The content of biuret in each experimental group of table two
| Group time | Control group | Experimental group 1 | Experimental group 2 | Experimental group 3 |
| Biuret Content (%) | 0.81 | 1.82 | 0.36 | 0.37 |
As shown in Table 2, the urea in control group is being not added with the state of hot water dissolving, can also produce a certain amount of biuret；
After heating, the content of its biuret can be dramatically increased the urea of experimental group 1.
Experimental group 3 and experimental group 4, using avoiding the heated technique dissolved of urea from being produced, therefore, in process of production
Biuret will not be produced.Urea content is about 50% in the product of experimental group 3 and experimental group 4, therefore Biuret Content, about pair
According to 50% of biuret in group, it can be seen that when the product of experimental group 3 and experimental group 4 is made, the urea used is not produced
Extra biuret.
The present invention using expanded starch and urea with extremely strong adsorption capacity together with nonprotein nitrogen material in normal temperature bar
Under part crush, mix and granulation and low temperature drying and be made；Avoid nonprotein nitrogen material by thermally labile, produce biuret etc.
Poisonous noxious material, the data analysis as a result detected from experimental group 3 and experimental group 4.
(3) decomposition rate is determined in the presence of urase：
Control group：Pure urea, adds urase, surveys its speed for producing ammonia, the generation speed of ammonia is point of urea
Solve speed；
Experimental group：Products obtained therefrom in embodiment 2, adds urase, surveys its speed for producing ammonia, and the generation speed of ammonia is
For the decomposition rate of urea.
Result of the test, is measured in control group, and the decomposition rate of urea is urea in products obtained therefrom in 4.69u/g, embodiment 2
Decomposition rate be 0.8u/g.
Experiment conclusion：The decomposition rate of urea is the 17.1% of control group in experimental group, and conjunction is utilized less than rumen microorganism
Into bacterium protein speed (under normal conditions, decomposition rate of the urea in cud be microorganism utilize speed 4
Times).Therefore, it is safe, the problem of will not causing cattle and sheep poisoning with urea that this product, which is used to feed cattle and sheep ruminant,.
(4) blood ammonia is tested：
Design：The healthy ewe for selecting difference little, 14~16 months monthly ages, 40 ± 1Kg of body weight, divides 4 at random by totally 8
Group, every group 2,1 group is added the composite slow release corn urea swelling granular for respectively containing 15%, 30% urea with 3 groups respectively.
4 groups of experimental group, using same dose feeding, control group is the urea of disposable addition same amount, experiment
After each group feeding respectively 15,30,45 and 60 minutes totally 4 extraction vein white liquors, every group of 2 sheep are spaced the secondary blood of extraction
(every sheep takes blood 4 times, and the sheep body wound that falls from the sky or outer space is excessive), with ammonia density in the blue colorimetric method for determining each group blood taking of routine intravenous phenol, with 10~
15ppm/100 milliliters of ammonia concentration numerical value are safety critical reference line, as shown in table 3：
The ammonia concentration contrast test table of table three
Conclusion：It can be confirmed that the whole safety compliances of experimental group 1~4, not up to 10-15PPM from ammonia concentration table 3
Safety critical line, especially 2 groups be 1.23PPM groups it is the safest.3 groups of (30% urea) peaks of high content are 4.47ppm,
It is still safe, 1~4 experimental group highest ammonia concentration value occurs and postponed 15 minutes than control group, and effect is satisfactory.
Control group urea addition is minimum, but still has exceeded and refer to dead line, and half an hour occurs as soon as hurriedly, action mistake
The intoxicating phenomenons such as tune, alleviate by rescue.
Nonprotein nitrogen kind is used actually during feeding, is all daily 2-3 component of degree n n addition, so using anti-
The security of hay domestic animal protein feed substitute should be more better than existing experiment.
2nd, trial effect
(1) according to above-mentioned experiment, confirm the present invention optimum formula example be, 50 parts of urea, 21 parts of expanded corn starch,
6.5 parts of sodium sulphate, 5 parts of acetohydroxamic acid, 12.5 parts of sodium humate, 5 parts of molasses.
(2) increase milk, increase meat contrast effect
Such as table 4 below, shown in table 5：
The increasing cow milk Experimental Comparison of table four
Explanation：1 normal diet feeding of control group, control group 2 is existing corn urea type kind, and test group is improvement
Composite slow release corn urea kind afterwards, both of which contains 50% urea content.By contrast, this technology is than now traditional
Corn urea effect improves the 1.0Kg that can give milk more daily.
The finished cattle of table five increases meat experiment
Increase milk more than and increase meat experiment, the existing jade of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute amount ratio of the present invention
Rice urea using better also reached our sustained releases to urea, the big function of utilization rate two raising purpose.Local feeding
Support field and peasant raiser on probation by pilot, generally receive this product, and produce preferably income.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that：Not
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments by departing under the principle and objective of the present invention, of the invention
Scope is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute, it is characterised in that by weight, including nonprotein nitrogen material 30 ~ 80
Part, 15 ~ 70 parts of expanded starch, 5 ~ 15 parts of inorganic salts, 0.005 ~ 10 part of urease inhibitor, 2 ~ 10 parts of table sugar.
2. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by weight, bag
Include 50 parts of nonprotein nitrogen material, 25.98 parts of expanded starch, 6.5 parts of inorganic salts, 0.02 part of urease inhibitor, 5 parts of molasses.
3. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the non-protein
Nitrogen material is in urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, IBDU, urea phosphate
At least one；
The expanded starch is at least one of expanded corn starch, puffed cereal starch, expanded potato starch；
The inorganic salts are at least one of sodium sulphate, potassium sulfate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, cobaltous sulfate；
The urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid hydrogen
At least one of dipotassium, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesia, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate；
The table sugar is molasses or sucrose.
4. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the nonprotein nitrogen thing
Matter is urea, and expanded starch is expanded corn powder, and inorganic salts are sodium sulphate, and urease inhibitor is acetohydroxamic acid, and table sugar is
Molasses.
5. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that by weight,
Also include 0.5 ~ 25 part of organic acid or acylate, the organic acid or acylate are sodium humate, humic acid, sorbic acid
Sodium, potassium sorbate, sorbic acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, citric acid, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, apple
At least one of tartaric acid, fumaric acid.
6. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 5, it is characterised in that by weight, institute
It is sodium humate to state organic acid or acylate, and its parts by weight is 12.5 parts.
7. a kind of preparation method of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 1 ~ 6, it is characterised in that including
Following steps：
（1）Prepare water content and be not more than 10%, unit weight is 230 ~ 275g/L, and gelatinization rate is not less than 95% expanded starch；
（2）Obtained expanded starch is subjected to co-grinding with nonprotein nitrogen material grainses in proportion, then is proportionally added into inorganic
Salt, urease inhibitor, are mixed and stirred for uniform, obtained mixed material；
（3）Table sugar is added into obtained mixed material by a certain percentage, and adds suitable quantity of water, stirs, is prepared
In particle；
（4）The particle prepared is subjected to low temperature drying, is cooled to after room temperature and crumples, cross 20 ~ 30 mesh sieves, produce water content not
Final products higher than 10%.
8. the preparation method of a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described
Step（1）In, expanded starch is expanded corn powder, and its specific preparation process is：By the former particle of corn by preliminary blower fan, clear
Choosing, magnetic separation and screen cloth remove metal impurities, then by pulverizer coarse crushing, in high temperature（120~170℃）, high pressure（15~
19.5Mpa）Under the conditions of, act on 5 ~ 10s, through mechanical shearing, rub, rub and pressure differential comprehensive function extrusion discharge,
1 ~ 2h is cooled down after discharging to produce.
9. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute answering as ruminant domestic animal protein feed according to claim 1 ~ 6
With concrete application method is：2-5%, which is added to feed in full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement, by mass percentage ruminates house
Poultry, while accordingly reducing protein feeds 6-17.5%, after feeding ruminant domestic animal is searched for food 0.5-1 hours, can give normal drink
Water.
10. a kind of ruminant domestic animal protein feed substitute according to claim 9 should as ruminant domestic animal protein feed
With, it is characterised in that based on diet dry substance, gross protein value is not more than in the full price mixed fodder or concentrate supplement
10 ~ 12%.
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