CN107239853A - A kind of wisdom steward system and its method of work based on cloud computing - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统及其工作方法,所述的系统包括企业级用户端和普通个人用户端;所述的企业级用户端包括产品配置模块、产品注册模块、产品详情管理模块、产品关联配置模块、门户管理模块、销售财务管理模块和快递管理员管理模块。所述的普通个人用户端包括结算模块、用户信息模块、管家服务模块、数据报表查询模块和数据导航模块。本发明采用基本云自适应遗传算法交叉算子,实现了管家管理系统运行成本最小化以及对不确定信息的及时准确处理。本发明所提出的基于云计算的方法提高了最优解收敛的速度,增加了全局最优解搜索范围,降低了智慧管家系统的运行时间和成本,提高了该系统的运行效率和缩短了响应时间。
The invention discloses a smart housekeeper system based on cloud computing and its working method. The system includes an enterprise-level client and an ordinary individual client; the enterprise-level client includes a product configuration module, a product registration module, a product Details management module, product association configuration module, portal management module, sales financial management module and courier administrator management module. The common personal client includes a settlement module, a user information module, a housekeeper service module, a data report query module and a data navigation module. The invention adopts the crossover operator of the basic cloud self-adaptive genetic algorithm, and realizes the minimization of the operating cost of the butler management system and the timely and accurate processing of uncertain information. The method based on cloud computing proposed by the present invention improves the speed of optimal solution convergence, increases the search range of the global optimal solution, reduces the running time and cost of the smart housekeeper system, improves the operating efficiency of the system and shortens the response time. time.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种智慧管家系统平台和方法,尤其是一种基于云计算技术及智能量子算法相结合的智慧管家系统平台及方法,属于云计算技术与互联网应用管理技术领域。The invention relates to a smart housekeeping system platform and method, in particular to a smart housekeeping system platform and method based on the combination of cloud computing technology and intelligent quantum algorithm, belonging to the technical field of cloud computing technology and Internet application management.
背景技术Background technique
随着云计算和互联网技术的发展,出现了越来越多的基于云平台和互联网的O2O平台和APP系统,这为人们的生活带来便利。例如,基于APP的商品采购管理、社保缴费管理以及物业费、水电费管理系统等。在这些应用系统中,由于各种不同类型的数据是分散无序的,如何对用户的数据进行有效采集并进行合理分类、并根据分类结果向用户推送需要及时管理得数据信息和对数据进行跟踪导航并更新是此类系统亟需解决的主要问题。With the development of cloud computing and Internet technology, more and more O2O platforms and APP systems based on cloud platforms and Internet have emerged, which bring convenience to people's lives. For example, APP-based commodity procurement management, social security payment management, property fee, water and electricity fee management system, etc. In these application systems, since various types of data are scattered and disorderly, how to effectively collect and reasonably classify user data, and push data information that needs to be managed in a timely manner and track data to users according to the classification results Navigation and updating are the main problems that such systems need to solve.
现有技术中常用的管家管理系统平台设计大多是基于一般启发式算法进行设计,这类设计方式搜索数据速度慢、聚类分析结果不彻底,难于获取最优解,而且由于数据的分散管理难于通过数据提取规律性信息对未来行为进行有效预测和提供参考。这降低了数据管理效率,减弱了数据管理的预测性功能。Most of the housekeeper management system platform designs commonly used in the prior art are designed based on general heuristic algorithms. This type of design method is slow in searching data, the results of cluster analysis are not thorough, and it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution. Moreover, due to the decentralized management of data, it is difficult to Extract regular information from data to effectively predict and provide reference for future behavior. This reduces data management efficiency and weakens the predictive capabilities of data management.
在基于云计算环境下的信息管理平台应用中,有些数据是冗余和无效的,必须采用适当的手段进行处理,如数据清洗、数据去噪、数据聚类分析等,根据数据的类型、规模、获取渠道等信息,对数据信息进行可回溯性设计。现有技术中常见的数据处理算法有:Dijkstra算法、遗传算法、蚁群算法、模拟退火算法和禁忌搜索算法等,现有的管家系统有如下问题:In the application of information management platform based on cloud computing environment, some data is redundant and invalid, and must be processed by appropriate means, such as data cleaning, data denoising, data cluster analysis, etc., according to the type and scale of data , Obtain information such as channels, and carry out retrospective design on data information. Common data processing algorithms in the prior art include: Dijkstra algorithm, genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm and tabu search algorithm, etc. The existing butler system has the following problems:
1、现有系统中采用的智能计算预约时刻、费用的提示功能算法步骤冗杂;1. The algorithm steps of the intelligent calculation appointment time and cost reminder function adopted in the existing system are complicated;
2、需要过多的运行时间和运行成本,结果不够准确;2. Excessive running time and running costs are required, and the results are not accurate enough;
3、难于通过数据提取规律性信息对未来行为进行有效预测和提供参考,缺乏科学的预测能力。3. It is difficult to effectively predict and provide reference for future behavior through data extraction of regular information, lacking scientific prediction ability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明要设计一种收敛速度快、能最小化运行时间和运行成本、能够对数据进行实时处理预测、能够为用户提供准确度高和高效率的基于云计算的智慧管家系统及方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is to design a cloud-based system with fast convergence speed, minimized running time and running cost, capable of real-time processing and prediction of data, and capable of providing users with high accuracy and high efficiency. Computing smart housekeeping system and method.
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统,包括企业级用户端和普通个人用户端;A smart housekeeping system based on cloud computing, including enterprise-level clients and ordinary personal clients;
所述的企业级用户端包括:The enterprise-level client includes:
产品配置模块:用于产品管理和购买协议管理,负责对不同模块进行配置管理;Product configuration module: used for product management and purchase agreement management, responsible for configuration management of different modules;
产品注册模块:用于注册不同时限、不同级别的产品,产品注册代码前缀为3位大类拼音首字母,后面为自由编码;Product registration module: used to register products with different time limits and different levels. The product registration code is prefixed with the first letter of the pinyin of the three major categories, followed by a free code;
产品详情管理模块:用于显示已经配置过的产品详情管理,并按条件进行查询;Product details management module: used to display the configured product details management and query according to conditions;
产品关联配置模块:用于设置一批与此产品相关联的其他产品;Product association configuration module: used to set a batch of other products associated with this product;
门户管理模块:用于公告管理、资讯百科、焦点图管理、专利产品关系管理和企业动态管理;Portal management module: used for announcement management, information encyclopedia, focus map management, patent product relationship management and enterprise dynamic management;
销售财务管理模块:用于客服查看自己的订单进展情况;用于全国性财务管理者查看到全部的订单和财务数据,数据根据订单地区进行划分;用于销售支付管理者查看微信支付、支付宝支付、退款三类日志;Sales financial management module: used for customer service to check the progress of their orders; used for national financial managers to view all orders and financial data, and the data is divided according to the order area; used for sales payment managers to view WeChat payment and Alipay payment , Refund three types of logs;
快递管理员管理模块:用于全国性快递管理员查看到全部的订单和快递数据;用于地区性快递管理员查看到本地区的数据,数据根据订单地区进行划分;用于全国性订单分配员分配所有的订单;用于地区性订单分配员分配本地区的订单,订单的初始地区取自用户地区,由管理员进行更改;Express administrator management module: for national express administrators to view all orders and express data; for regional express administrators to view the data in their region, and the data is divided according to the order area; for national order distributors Allocate all orders; it is used by the regional order allocator to allocate the orders in this region. The initial region of the order is taken from the user's region and can be changed by the administrator;
所述的普通个人用户端包括:The common personal client includes:
结算模块:用于及时提醒用户以及提供自结算功能;Settlement module: used to remind users in time and provide self-settlement functions;
用户信息模块:用于完善用户信息、完善收信人信息;User information module: used to improve user information and recipient information;
管家服务模块:用于查看购买的产品、查询数据报表、上传资料、下载资料;Butler service module: used to view purchased products, query data reports, upload data, download data;
数据报表查询模块:用于对用户的收入、购买、支出的数据进行汇总和查询;Data report query module: used to summarize and query the user's income, purchase, and expenditure data;
数据导航模块:用于提供快速获取相关数据的导航路径导引功能。Data navigation module: used to provide a navigation path guidance function for quickly obtaining relevant data.
一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统的工作方法,包括如下步骤:A working method of a smart housekeeping system based on cloud computing, comprising the following steps:
A、建立智慧管家系统的效率和稳定性统一数学模型;A. Establish a unified mathematical model for the efficiency and stability of the smart housekeeper system;
所述的稳效率和稳定性统一数学模型的设计是引入基于双链云量子方法生成“事件链”和“时间链”种群,其数值越小,表明重调度效率和稳定性越高,设计效率和稳定性统一数学模型如下:The design of the unified mathematical model of stable efficiency and stability is based on the introduction of double-chain cloud quantum methods to generate "event chain" and "time chain" populations. The smaller the value, the higher the rescheduling efficiency and stability, and the design efficiency And the unified mathematical model of stability is as follows:
式中:Fn表示待管理的事件n的管理完成时间;bn表示响应待管理的事件n的时间;DLn表示待管理的事件n的完成时间窗;t'nm和tnm分别表示重调度和初始调度中智慧管家系统的模块m开始管理待管理的事件n的时间;PF()表示偏离度惩罚值函数;RT表示当前管理时间;ni表示在当前时刻用户需要完成的事件总数;m表示模块的序号,即依次用自然序号分别代表系统中的各个模块;In the formula: F n represents the management completion time of the event n to be managed; b n represents the time to respond to the event n to be managed; DL n represents the completion time window of the event n to be managed; In the scheduling and initial scheduling, the module m of the smart housekeeper system starts to manage the event n to be managed; PF() represents the deviation penalty value function; RT represents the current management time; n i represents the total number of events that the user needs to complete at the current moment; m represents the serial number of the module, that is, each module in the system is represented by the natural serial number in turn;
B、对智慧管家系统中已经存储的数据进行实时更新,并根据数据规模和类型进行数据清洗和聚类分析处理,在销售财务模块、结算模块和数据报表查询模块中,为了获取数据清洗和数据聚类分析的最优解,提高获取解的收敛速度、最优化成本变量,基于云自适应遗传算法的交叉算子获取步骤如下:B. Update the data stored in the smart housekeeper system in real time, and perform data cleaning and cluster analysis processing according to the data size and type. In the sales finance module, settlement module and data report query module, in order to obtain data cleaning and data The optimal solution of cluster analysis, improve the convergence speed of the obtained solution, and optimize the cost variable. The steps to obtain the crossover operator based on the cloud adaptive genetic algorithm are as follows:
B1、将参与交叉操作的两个个体分别表示为父体IF和母体IM;B1. Denote the two individuals participating in the crossover operation as the parent I F and the mother I M respectively;
B2、从[1,10]范围内选取两个随机整数q1和q2,在此基础上生成两个子个体;B2. Select two random integers q 1 and q 2 from the range [1, 10], and generate two sub-individuals on this basis;
B3、生成ID,对于ID的产品列表λD,其前q1个位置由母个体IM的前q1个位置决定,其他位置由父个体的λF决定;B3. Generate ID . For the product list λ D of ID, the first q 1 positions are determined by the first q 1 positions of the parent individual I M , and other positions are determined by the λ F of the parent individual;
B4、对于ID的服务资源分配列表ND,其前q2个位置由母个体IM的前q2个位置决定,其他位置由父个体的NF决定;同理,父体和母体交互生成另外子个体IT;B4. For the service resource allocation list N D of ID, its first q 2 positions are determined by the first q 2 positions of the parent individual I M , and the other positions are determined by the NF of the parent individual; similarly, the interaction between the parent and the mother Generate another sub-individual I T ;
B5、对于产品的列表采用交换式和插入式:交换式是指交换产品列表的不同产品,若交换后不满足关系约束条件,则换回原来的位置,进入下一次交换;插入式是指首先计算变异算子的所有前置产品在列表中的最后位置lc1和所有后继产品在列表中的最前面位置lc2,其次在lc1和lc2中随机选取位置lc,将此算子插入lc的位置;插入式变异是使用比较多的变异方式,个体变异步骤为先对个体I中的产品列表λ的每个产品ji按照概率进行变异,按插入式变异方式进行算子的位置变换;然后对个体I中的服务资源列表的每个管理员分配为该位置对应的产品随机从Ni中分配满足需求的服务;通过Y条件云发生器和正向云发生器产生云交叉概率和变异概率,通过X条件云发生器生成交叉算子和变异算子;λ为满足时序约束全部管理任务排列的事件列表;N为管理模块分配列表,表示事件列表的每一个事件对应的配送模式组成的向量,i表示被管理事件的序号,lc表示算子插入的位置;B5. For the list of products, the exchange type and the insertion type are adopted: the exchange type refers to the exchange of different products in the product list, if the relationship constraints are not satisfied after the exchange, then the original position is replaced, and the next exchange is entered; the insertion type refers to the first Calculate the last position lc 1 of all predecessor products in the list of the mutation operator and the front position lc 2 of all subsequent products in the list, and then randomly select the position lc in lc 1 and lc 2 , and insert this operator into lc Insertion mutation is a more mutation method. The individual mutation step is to firstly mutate each product j i of the product list λ in individual I according to the probability, and perform operator position transformation according to the insertion mutation method; Then assign each administrator of the service resource list in individual I For the product corresponding to this location, randomly allocate services that meet the demand from N i ; generate cloud crossover probability and mutation probability through the Y conditional cloud generator and forward cloud generator, and generate crossover operators and mutation operators through the X conditional cloud generator ; λ is the event list that satisfies the sequence constraints of all management tasks; N is the allocation list of the management module, which represents the vector composed of the distribution mode corresponding to each event in the event list, i represents the serial number of the managed event, l c represents the operator insertion s position;
C、通过分析对处理结果进行反馈和存储并提供给客户可预测的参考信息:可预测参考信息包括开支流量、采购及消费兴趣点预测以及缴费类别倾向度,并实现对搜索最优解的选择,结算模块及快递管理员响应模块中通过上述云计算获得非支配最优解,对于在此两个模块获得的最优解采用AHP的层次法,即自上而下包括总目标层、子目标层以及方案层;总目标层是解决实时管理问题的总体目标,子目标层包括最小化总成本、最小化运行时间和最大化客户满意度子目标,方案层基于云计算方法取的一组非支配解集设计;基于AHP策略的云自适应遗传算法求解“智慧管家系统”最优解的步骤如下,每个个体对应上述结算模块和快递管理员响应模块的一组解:C. Feedback and store the processing results through analysis and provide customers with predictable reference information: predictable reference information includes expenditure flow, purchase and consumption interest point prediction, and payment category tendency, and realizes the selection of the optimal search solution , the settlement module and the courier manager’s response module obtain the non-dominated optimal solution through the cloud computing mentioned above. For the optimal solution obtained in these two modules, the hierarchical method of AHP is adopted, that is, from top to bottom, it includes the total target layer, sub-targets Layer and program layer; the overall goal layer is the overall goal of solving real-time management problems, the sub-goal layer includes the sub-goals of minimizing total cost, minimizing running time and maximizing customer satisfaction, and the solution layer is based on a set of non- The design of the dominant solution set; the steps of solving the optimal solution of the "smart housekeeper system" based on the cloud adaptive genetic algorithm based on the AHP strategy are as follows, and each individual corresponds to a set of solutions of the above-mentioned settlement module and express manager response module:
C1、随机产生x个个体组成初始种群,并初始化pcr和pct;pcr表示云交叉算子,pct表示云变异算子;C1. Randomly generate x individuals to form the initial population, and initialize p cr and p ct ; p cr represents the cloud crossover operator, and p ct represents the cloud mutation operator;
C2、对每个个体的适应度进行求解,自适应调整pcr和pct;C2. Solve the fitness of each individual, and adjust p cr and p ct adaptively;
C3、采用最优保留策略进行选择操作;C3. Use the optimal retention strategy to perform the selection operation;
C4、进行适应度值的搜索,并判断是否有个体更新,如果连续30代内没有更新,则使种群数目增加一倍;C4. Search for the fitness value and judge whether there is an individual update. If there is no update within 30 consecutive generations, the population number will be doubled;
C5、判断是否获得了最优解,如果获得,则输出最佳个体,否则执行步骤C2;C5. Judging whether the optimal solution has been obtained, if obtained, then output the best individual, otherwise perform step C2;
D、用户的数据管理和倾向性度判断趋于稳定后,完成对数据的管理和预测功能,在结算模块和快递管理员响应模块中,为了最优化智慧管家系统的实时预测响应时间,采用基于云计算的方法获取最优解,具体步骤如下:D. After the user's data management and tendency judgment tend to be stable, the data management and prediction functions are completed. In the settlement module and the courier administrator response module, in order to optimize the real-time prediction response time of the smart housekeeper system, a system based on The cloud computing method obtains the optimal solution, and the specific steps are as follows:
D1、初始化种群,并进行云遗传算法的染色体编码以表示队列中待响应的事件;所述的种群为用户的待管理事件集合;D1. Initialize the population, and carry out the chromosome coding of the cloud genetic algorithm to represent the events to be responded in the queue; the population is the user's collection of events to be managed;
D2、设计表达式为fit(x)=1/Z(x)的适应度评价函数,Z(x)表示个体目标函数值,函数值越小个体越优秀;D2, the design expression is the fitness evaluation function of fit(x)=1/Z(x), Z(x) represents the individual objective function value, and the smaller the function value, the better the individual;
D3、利用最佳个体保留策略和适应度比例选择对种群进行个体选择,以确定进入下一代种群个体的范围;D3. Use the optimal individual retention strategy and fitness ratio selection to select individuals in the population to determine the range of individuals entering the next generation population;
D4、利用云模型的X条件发生器生成交叉算子pcr,并对父代个体进行交叉操作;采用双交叉方式,将交叉点间的基因区域置于子代个体的首位,同时去除父代个体中相同的编码,并将其他编码按照顺序复制到子代中;若子代个体超出约束条件,则移动位置0进行调整;D4. Use the X condition generator of the cloud model to generate the crossover operator p cr , and perform the crossover operation on the parent individual; adopt the double crossover method, place the gene region between the intersection points at the top of the offspring individual, and remove the parent The same code in the individual, and copy other codes to the offspring in order; if the offspring individual exceeds the constraint condition, move the position 0 to adjust;
D5、利用云模型的X条件发生器生成变异算子pct,并对个体进行互换变异操作;从变异个体的基因编码中随机选取r1和r2两个编码,r1和r2为非0自然数,对选取的编码进行交换,从而产生新个体;D5. Use the X condition generator of the cloud model to generate the mutation operator p ct , and perform an exchange mutation operation on the individual; randomly select two codes r 1 and r 2 from the genetic codes of the mutant individual, and r 1 and r 2 are Non-zero natural numbers, exchange the selected codes to generate new individuals;
D6、通过选取父代种群的k个优秀个体和子代种群的k个个体组合后重新构建新种群,从而扩大种群规模并增加搜索空间;通过遗传算法的相关操作,重新得到k个下一代种群;这一步的操作可以使种群的优秀基因得到更好的保存,并得到更好的可行解和最优解;D6. Rebuild a new population by selecting k excellent individuals from the parent population and k individuals from the offspring population, thereby expanding the population size and increasing the search space; through the related operations of the genetic algorithm, re-obtain k next-generation populations; This step of operation can better preserve the excellent genes of the population, and obtain better feasible solutions and optimal solutions;
D7、对量子门进行更新;D7, updating the quantum gate;
D8、判断是否满足停止条件,若没满足跳至步骤D3,否则停止算法运行。D8. Judging whether the stop condition is satisfied, if not, skip to step D3, otherwise stop the algorithm.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、由于本发明采用基本云自适应遗传算法交叉算子,实现了管家管理系统运行成本最小化以及对不确定信息的及时准确处理。1. Since the present invention adopts the basic cloud self-adaptive genetic algorithm crossover operator, it realizes the minimization of the operating cost of the butler management system and the timely and accurate processing of uncertain information.
2、由于本发明采用基于AHP策略的云自适应遗传算法求解“智慧管家系统”最优解策略,实现了在获取的一组非支配解中获取最优决策方案。2. Since the present invention adopts the cloud-adaptive genetic algorithm based on the AHP strategy to solve the optimal solution strategy of the "smart housekeeper system", the optimal decision-making scheme can be obtained from a group of obtained non-dominated solutions.
3、由于本发明设计的数据清洗、去噪和聚类分析算法,实现了对用户未来行为的预测和提供了最优管家系统管理参考方案。3. Due to the data cleaning, denoising and clustering analysis algorithms designed by the present invention, the prediction of the user's future behavior is realized and an optimal butler system management reference solution is provided.
4、本发明所提出的基于云计算的方法提高了最优解收敛的速度,增加了全局最优解搜索范围,降低了智慧管家系统的运行时间和成本,提高了该系统的运行效率和缩短了响应时间。4. The method based on cloud computing proposed by the present invention improves the speed of optimal solution convergence, increases the search range of the global optimal solution, reduces the running time and cost of the smart housekeeper system, and improves the operating efficiency and shortening of the system. response time.
5、综上所述,本发明为解决现有系统中预约和费用结算功能算法步骤冗杂、需要过多时间和运行成本,结果不准确以及缺少预测功能的问题,设计了一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统和方法,可以实现管家系统中获取合理调度方案最优解的收敛速度快;最小化算法运行时间和减少运行成本;采用云计算的方法实现对数据的清洗和聚类分析,实现实时预测处理功能;能够为用户提供准确度高、效率高的管家系统管理调度方案。5. To sum up, the present invention designs a cloud computing-based algorithm to solve the problems in the existing system, such as redundant algorithm steps, excessive time and operating costs, inaccurate results, and lack of predictive functions. The smart housekeeper system and method can realize the fast convergence speed of obtaining the optimal solution of a reasonable scheduling plan in the housekeeper system; minimize the running time of the algorithm and reduce the running cost; use cloud computing methods to realize data cleaning and cluster analysis, and realize real-time Predictive processing function; it can provide users with a high-accuracy and high-efficiency housekeeping system management and scheduling plan.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明的方法流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步地描述。一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统,包括企业级用户端和普通个人用户端;具体组成如图1所示。一种基于云计算的智慧管家系统的工作方法,具体步骤如图2所示,步骤A中模块序号m编制示例如下:如1代表产品配置模块,2代表产品注册模块;直至用所有的自然数代表所有的模块。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. A smart housekeeper system based on cloud computing, including enterprise-level client and ordinary personal client; the specific composition is shown in Figure 1. A working method of a smart housekeeping system based on cloud computing. The specific steps are shown in Figure 2. The module serial number m in step A is compiled as follows: for example, 1 represents the product configuration module, and 2 represents the product registration module; until all natural numbers are used to represent all modules.
本发明方法可以用嵌入式芯片、处理器执行的软件模块,或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。The method of the present invention can be implemented by an embedded chip, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. Software modules can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other Any other known storage medium.
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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