CN107205453B - 凝胶状组合物及其制造方法 - Google Patents
凝胶状组合物及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107205453B CN107205453B CN201680009630.2A CN201680009630A CN107205453B CN 107205453 B CN107205453 B CN 107205453B CN 201680009630 A CN201680009630 A CN 201680009630A CN 107205453 B CN107205453 B CN 107205453B
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- gel
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- fatty acids
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- chain fatty
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明的课题在于提供大量包含构成脂肪酸中含有中链脂肪酸的油脂,并且油脂不分离,进食时胃部不适感的产生得到抑制的凝胶状组合物及其制造方法。本发明的凝胶状组合物是将平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物凝胶化而成的凝胶状组合物,并且是含有20~60质量%的甘油三酯,该甘油三酯的全部构成脂肪酸中的中链脂肪酸含量为40质量%以上的凝胶状组合物。另外,上述甘油三酯可以包含中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种虽然大量包含构成脂肪酸中含有中链脂肪酸的油脂,但是在进食后胃部不适感的产生得到抑制且油脂不分离的凝胶状组合物。
背景技术
老年人或住院患者有时充分摄取正常饮食较为困难,有时处于营养不良状态。为了应对这样的问题,开发了各种以少量的摄取就能够摄取充分的营养之类的食品。特别是,在以能量(卡路里)的补给为目的的情况下,提高脂质含量的方法的摄取效率高。而且,作为这样的食品中使用的脂质,已知有中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(以下,也称为MCT)。
作为MCT的构成脂肪酸的中链脂肪酸由于在消化道内迅速被吸收,在肝脏极快地被代谢而被能量化,所以认为能够高效地补给能量。然而,对于MCT和/或构成脂肪酸中包含大量中链脂肪酸的油脂而言,如果一次性大量摄取,则可能会诱发胃上部的刺激、胃积食、胃的胀气感等胃部不适感。
另外,上述的能量补给用的食品在提高了脂质含量的情况下,会发生脂质(油脂)的分离,存在损害食品的品质的情况。因此,由于需要使油脂稳定分散于食品中,所以油脂的配合量存在限制。
作为能够高效地摄取卡路里的高脂质的食品,提出了包含50~74重量%的植物性油脂、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、凝胶剂的吞咽困难者用高营养胶状食品(专利文献1)。然而,对于上述胶状食品在油脂的分离问题和/或摄取时的胃部不适感方面还没有进行充分的研究。
另外,作为一次性大量摄取MCT的情况下的胃部不适感减轻的食品,提出了包含MCT的浓稠流质食品,所述MCT中构成脂肪酸包括碳原子数8的中链脂肪酸和碳原子数10的中链脂肪酸,且碳原子数10的中链脂肪酸的占有比例为60质量%以上(专利文献2)。然而,迫切期望一种与上述浓稠流质食品相比能够一次性摄取更为大量的中链脂肪酸,且不易引起胃部不适感的食品。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2011-182785号公报
专利文献2:国际公开WO2010/052847
发明内容
技术问题
本发明鉴于上述的问题而完成,目的在于提供一种尽管大量包含构成脂肪酸中含有中链脂肪酸的油脂,油脂也不分离且进食后胃部不适感发生得到抑制的凝胶状组合物。
技术方案
本发明的发明人发现通过含有构成脂肪酸中含有中链脂肪酸的油脂,利用凝胶剂使平均乳化粒子为预定大小的水包油型乳化物进行凝胶化,能够解决上述问题,从而完成了本发明。具体而言,本发明提供下述技术方案。
(1)一种凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,是平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物的凝胶状组合物,并且含有20~60质量%的甘油三酯,该甘油三酯的全部构成脂肪酸中的中链脂肪酸含量为40质量%以上。
(2)根据(1)中所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,上述甘油三酯包含中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。
(3)根据(1)或者(2)中所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,上述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸为选自碳原子数8、碳原子数10、以及碳原子数12的中链脂肪酸中的1种或者2种以上。
(4)根据(1)~(3)中任一项所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,作为上述甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸所包含的中链脂肪酸的总量中,碳原子数为8以下的中链脂肪酸的占有比例为40质量%以下。
(5)一种凝胶状组合物的制造方法,其特征在于,上述凝胶状组合物的制造方法是制造(1)~(4)中任一项所述的凝胶状组合物的方法,其中,将包含凝胶剂的水相和包含甘油三酯的油相乳化,调制平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物之后,对该水包油型乳化物进行凝胶化。
发明效果
根据本发明,提供大量包含构成脂肪酸中含有中链脂肪酸的油脂,并且油脂不分离且进食时胃部不适感的产生得到抑制的凝胶状组合物及其制造方法。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行说明。应予说明,本发明不限于以下的实施方式。
[凝胶状组合物]
本发明的凝胶状组合物为通过凝胶剂将平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物凝胶化(失去流动性的状态)而成的食品。本发明的凝胶状组合物由于水包油型乳化物被凝胶化,所以进食后的消化时间被延迟,该水包油型乳化物中的油脂缓慢地被吸收。作为上述食品的例子,可举出果冻、布丁、胶状饮料等以及与它们类似的形态的食品。另外,本发明的凝胶状组合物也可以作为调料添加在其它的食品中。
本发明的凝胶状组合物的包装形态没有特别限定,只要是通常用于果冻、布丁、胶状饮料等的包装形态,就可根据目的任意选择。例如可举出杯、罐、纸容器、铝袋、瓶等。
本发明的凝胶状组合物优选硬度为5000~20000N/m2,更优选为6000~16000N/m2,最优选为8000~12000N/m2。如果硬度处于上述的范围,则易于进食,能够防止油从凝胶分离。
本发明的凝胶状组合物的硬度是指,使用流变仪在直径20mm的圆柱状柱塞、压缩速度10mm/秒、间隙5mm、20℃的条件下对破胶前的保形状态的凝胶进行测定时的值。
对本发明的凝胶状组合物而言,在水包油型乳化物中含有20~60质量%的甘油三酯。本发明的凝胶状组合物的甘油三酯含量优选为30~55质量%,更优选为35~53质量%,最优选为40~50质量%。
[水包油型乳化物]
本发明中使用的水包油型乳化物是指,油脂分散于作为连续相的水中的O/W型的乳液。另外,上述水包油型乳化物的调制没有特别限制,可以利用物理性方法、相反转乳化法、液晶乳化法、D相乳化法、三相乳化法等通常的方法调制。
对于本发明中使用的水包油型乳化物而言,平均乳液粒径为2~40μm,优选为2~20μm,更优选为2.5~10μm,进一步更优选为2.5~8μm,最优选为3~6μm。这里,平均乳液粒径是指,通过激光衍射、散射法求出的粒度分布中的累计值50%的粒径。另外,本发明中使用的水包油型乳化物优选为通过上述测定法测定时的累计值10%的粒径为平均乳液粒径的0.4倍以上,以及累计值90%的粒径为平均粒径的2倍以下。
如果平均乳液粒径处于上述的范围,则本发明的凝胶状组合物的进食时的胃部不适感减轻,且还能够抑制油从凝胶分离。另一方面,如果平均乳液粒径小于2μm,则进食时的中链脂肪酸的消化吸收变快,因此容易发生胃部不适感,另外,如果平均乳液粒径大于40μm,则乳化状态变得不稳定,易发生油从凝胶分离。
[甘油三酯]
本发明中使用的甘油三酯在全部构成脂肪酸中含有40质量%以上的中链脂肪酸。这里,中链脂肪酸是指,碳原子数为6~12的脂肪酸(优选碳原子数为8以及10的直链饱和脂肪酸)。作为上述全部构成脂肪酸中含有40质量%以上的中链脂肪酸的甘油三酯,可举出含有构成脂肪酸仅由中链构成脂肪酸的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)的油脂、含有构成脂肪酸包括中链脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸的中长链脂肪酸甘油三酯(以下,也称为MLCT)的油脂等。对于本发明中使用的甘油三酯而言,如果全部构成脂肪酸中的中链脂肪酸的含量为40质量%以上,则也可以为多种油脂的混合油,从能够迅速地进行能量补给的观点考虑,优选仅使用MCT。
另外,对于本发明中使用的甘油三酯而言,优选作为构成脂肪酸所包含的中链脂肪酸的总量中,碳原子数为8以下的中链脂肪酸的占有比例为40质量%以下(0~40质量%)。这里,碳原子数为8以下的中链脂肪酸具体而言,可举出作为碳原子数6的饱和脂肪酸的正己酸、作为碳原子数8的饱和脂肪酸的正辛酸,另一方面,作为碳原子数大于8的中链脂肪酸,可举出作为碳原子数10的饱和脂肪酸的正癸酸、作为碳原子数12的饱和脂肪酸的正十二烷酸。
如果碳原子数为8以下的中链脂肪酸的占有比例处于上述的范围,则进食时的胃部不适感的减轻效果进一步优异。
上述MCT以及MLCT可以通过以源自椰子油和/或棕榈仁油的中链脂肪酸和/或长链脂肪酸和甘油作为原料,使其酯化反应而得到。酯化反应的条件没有特别限定,可以在无催化剂且无溶剂的情况下在加压的条件下反应,也可以使用催化剂和/或溶剂而反应。另外,上述MLCT还可以通过使MCT与除MCT以外的油脂进行酯交换的方法而得到。作为酯交换的方法,没有特别限定,通过以甲醇钠为催化剂的化学酯交换、和/或以脂肪酶制剂为催化剂的酶的酯交换等常规实施的方法进行即可。
应予说明,作为确认、定量本发明中使用的甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸的方法,例如可以举出对甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸进行甲酯化,通过气相色谱法进行定量分析的方法。
[凝胶剂]
本发明中使用的凝胶剂只要能够使本发明中使用的水包油型乳化物凝胶化(失去流动性的状态),种类以及含量就没有特别限制。例如,可举出卡拉胶、刺槐豆胶、琼脂、脱酰基结冷胶、天然结冷胶、葡甘露聚糖、黄原胶、海藻酸盐等,也可以将它们并用多个而使用。本发明的凝胶状组合物的凝胶剂的含量优选为0.2~2质量%,更优选为0.5~1.5质量%,最优选为0.8~1.2质量%。
[其他原料]
本发明的凝胶状组合物优选包含乳化剂。乳化剂只要是用于获得水包油型的乳化形态的食品的乳化剂,就没有特别限制。例如可举出甘油脂肪酸酯、有机酸单甘油酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚甘油缩合蓖麻油酸酯、脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、卵磷脂、改性淀粉等,可以使用它们中的1种或者2种以上。另外,优选为可以使用HLB 10~15的聚甘油脂肪酸酯。本发明的凝胶状组合物的乳化剂的含量优选为0.2~4质量%,更优选为0.8~2质量%,最优选为1.3~1.8质量%。
本发明中使用的水没有特别限定,可以使用自来水、井水、纯净水、离子交换水等。
本发明的凝胶状组合物在不阻碍本发明的效果的范围内,除了上述原料以外还可以配合其他的原料。例如可举出糖类、酸味剂、维生素类、氨基酸、食盐、矿物质、果汁、香料、色素等。
[凝胶状组合物的制造方法]
本发明的凝胶状组合物通过利用凝胶剂对水包油型乳化物进行凝胶化而制造。具体而言,在使油脂以外的原料分散在水中之后,升温到凝胶剂的溶解温度,将原料混合溶解,得到均匀的调制液(水相)。之后,投入油脂(油相),在混合机或均质器等中乳化。之后,将调合液(水包油型乳化物)保持在凝胶剂的凝固温度以上并填充到容器,将其密封之后,冷却而使其凝胶化。另外,在对本发明的凝胶状组合物进行杀菌的情况下,可以使用将其填充到容器之后密封并加热杀菌的方法,加热杀菌并填充到容器的方法,填充前进行加热杀菌之后无菌填充的方法等。
实施例
以下,虽然利用实施例对本发明进一步进行了详细地说明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
[凝胶状组合物的制造]
根据表1中记载的配合,称量原料,按照以下记载的步骤制造出凝胶状组合物。
使油脂以外的原料分散在水中之后,升温到90℃,将原料混合溶解而制成均匀的调合液(水相)。之后,投入油脂(MCT:油相)而在均质混合器中进行乳化。另外,对于比较例1,进一步在均质器中进行乳化。接下来,将得到的乳化调合液(水包油型乳化物:1400g)每15g填充、密封于铝袋之后,进行灭菌釜杀菌,使其冷却并凝胶化,得到凝胶状组合物。用于制造凝胶状组合物的原材料如下所述。
MCT:日清奥利友集团(株)制造品,构成脂肪酸为正辛酸(碳原子数8)和正癸酸(碳原子数10),其质量比为30:70的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯
乳化剂-1〔改性淀粉〕:商品名“Emarusuta 500”,松谷化学工业(株)制
乳化剂-2〔甘油脂肪酸酯〕:商品名“Poem J-0081HV”(HLB12),理研维他命(株)制
凝胶剂-1〔葡甘露聚糖〕:商品名“RHEOLEX RS”,清水化学(株)制
凝胶剂-2〔卡拉胶〕:商品名“GENUGEL WG-108”,三晶(株)制
凝胶剂-3〔黄原胶〕:商品名“ECHO GUM”,DSP GOKYO FOOD&CHEMICAL(株)制
凝胶剂-4〔琼脂〕:商品名“伊那寒天S-6”,伊那食品工业(株)制
凝胶剂-5〔刺槐豆胶〕:商品名“メイプロディン200”,三晶(株)制
白砂糖:商品名“上白糖”,三井制糖(株)制
柠檬酸:商品名“柠檬酸(无水),扶桑化学工业(株)制
优格香料:商品名“HL01043”,小川香料(株)制
[表1]
(质量%) | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 |
MCT | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
乳化剂-1 | 1.7 | ||||
乳化剂-2 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 0.01 | |
凝胶剂-1 | 0.5 | ||||
凝胶剂-2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
凝胶剂-3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
凝胶剂-4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
凝胶剂-5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
白砂糖 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
柠檬酸 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
优格香料 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
水 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 51.9 | 49.1 | 52.09 |
总计 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
[平均乳液粒径的测定]
平均乳液粒径的测定如下:将上述的凝胶状组合物的制造中调制出的凝胶化前的乳化调合液用纯净水适当地稀释为30~300倍而制成测定用试料液,使用激光衍射式粒度分布计(Microtrac MT 3000II,日机装(株)制)进行测定。而且,将求得的粒度分布中的累计值50%的粒径的测定值设为平均乳液粒径。另外,还测定了累计值10%以及90%的粒径。将测定结果示于表2。
[人工胃液中的乳化粒子的溶出试验]
认为大量摄取MCT时产生的胃部不适感是由于摄取到的MCT在胃以及小肠中迅速水解,中链脂肪酸浓度上升导致的。因此,考虑本发明的凝胶状组合物在胃中被消化时,如果乳化粒子向胃液中的释放被延迟,则能够减轻胃部不适感。根据上述的预想,通过使用了人工胃液的溶出试验,测定出本发明的凝胶状组合物被消化时的乳化粒子的释放的比例。
溶出试验通过下述的方法实施。首先,为了使上述中制造出的凝胶状组合物接近咀嚼后的状态,切割成5mm见方。接下来,在200mL烧杯中加入基于日本药局方的崩解试验法而调制出的人工胃液(pH1.2,氯化钠2g/L,盐酸7mL/L)100mL和切割后的凝胶状组合物2g,将液温保持在37℃,并且通过搅拌器进行搅拌(100rpm),开始试验。
试验开始后,对于在1分钟、30分钟、以及180分钟后以不采取凝胶状组合物的方式采取1mL人工胃液,用离子交换水稀释6倍得到的液体,测定了500nm的吸光度(UV-160A,(株)岛津制作所制)。测定是通过各凝胶状组合物每种准备3个样本而进行,求出测定值的平均值“A”。
另外,对于各凝胶状组合物,将凝胶化前的乳化调合液2g在与上述相同的条件下添加于人工胃液,测定1分钟、30分钟、以及180分钟后的500nm的吸光度,求出测定值的平均值“B”(即,假设全部的乳化粒子释放到人工胃液中时的吸光度)。而且,根据以下的计算式求出吸光度的相对值。
乳化粒子向人工胃液的释放比例=A/B
通过求出上述的相对值,从而判断值越小,乳化粒子向人工胃液中的释放越少;值越大(越接近1),乳化粒子向人工胃液中的释放越多。将测定结果示于表2。
应予说明,将平均乳液粒径为约50μm的水包油型乳化物凝胶化而成的凝胶状组合物(比较例2)由于乳化不稳定而测定时发生了油的分离,所以判断为无法进行正确的评价,不进行溶出试验。
[进食时的胃部不适感的评价]
摄取MCT时易于发生胃部不适感的3名评价人员摄取15g上述中制造出的凝胶状组合物,对30分钟以及180分钟后的胃部不适感进行了评价,评价基准基于下述内容,通过3名评价人员的全体意见进行了评价。将评价结果示于表2。
◎:没有上腹部刺激、胀气感、胃积食等胃部不适感。
○:存在少许胃部不适,但作为食品能够允许。
×:存在上腹部刺激、胀气感、胃积食等胃部不适。
[油的分离的评价]
制造后第7日从铝袋取出上述中制造出的凝胶状组合物,通过目视观察根据以下的基准对外观进行了评价。将评价结果示于表2。
○:均匀的色调,且不认为油分离。
×:认为油分离。
[表2]
上表中的A表示将切割成5mm见方的凝胶状组合物添加到人工胃液中时的500nm吸光度。
上表中的B表示将凝胶化前的乳化调合液添加到人工胃液中时的500nm吸光度。
根据上述的结果,将平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的范围内的水包油型乳化物凝胶化而成的凝胶状组合物(实施例1~3)均不发生油从凝胶的分离,没有进食后的胃部不适感。另一方面,将平均乳液粒径小于2μm的水包油型乳化物凝胶化而成的凝胶状组合物(比较例1)不发生油从凝胶的分离,但发生了进食后的胃部不适感。另外,在乳化粒子的溶出试验中,平均乳液粒径大于比较例1的实施例1~3的结果是乳化粒子向人工胃液中的释放少,支持如果乳化粒子向胃液中的释放被延迟,则能够减轻胃部不适感这样的预想。
另外,将平均乳液粒径大于40μm的水包油型乳化物凝胶化而成的凝胶状组合物(比较例2)会发生油从凝胶的分离,也存在进食后的胃部不适感的情况。
Claims (5)
1.一种凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,是水包油型乳化物的凝胶状组合物,并且含有0.2~2质量%的凝胶剂、0.2~4质量%的乳化剂、20~60质量%的甘油三酯,该甘油三酯的全部构成脂肪酸中的中链脂肪酸含量为40质量%以上,所述凝胶状组合物是利用所述凝胶剂使平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物进行凝胶化而成,所述凝胶状组合物的硬度为5000~20000N/m2。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,所述甘油三酯包含中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,所述中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸为选自碳原子数8、碳原子数10、以及碳原子数12的中链脂肪酸中的1种或者2种以上。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的凝胶状组合物,其特征在于,作为所述甘油三酯的构成脂肪酸所包含的中链脂肪酸的总量中,碳原子数为8以下的中链脂肪酸的占有比例为40质量%以下。
5.一种凝胶状组合物的制造方法,其特征在于,所述凝胶状组合物的制造方法是制造权利要求1~4中任一项所述的凝胶状组合物的方法,其中,将包含0.2~2质量%的凝胶剂、0.2~4质量%的乳化剂的水相和包含甘油三酯的油相乳化,调制平均乳液粒径为2~40μm的水包油型乳化物之后,对该水包油型乳化物进行凝胶化,所述凝胶状组合物的硬度为5000~20000N/m2。
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