CN107188307A - A kind of Integral waste water nitrogen rejection facility and a kind of method of denitrogenation of waste water - Google Patents
A kind of Integral waste water nitrogen rejection facility and a kind of method of denitrogenation of waste water Download PDFInfo
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种一体式废水脱氮装置及一种废水脱氮的方法。本发明提供的装置构造简单,稳定性和恢复性良好。本发明使反应器主体采用硝化细菌和低活性的絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过长期间歇地投加一定浓度羟胺和/或联氨的方式,选择性地抑制硝化细菌的生长与活性,同时促进氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;反应器采用序批式反应器的运行方式,通过调节排水比的方式实现对含高浓度氨氮进水的稀释,以使得反应器内基质浓度在合适的范围内,不造成对短程硝化与厌氧氨氧化的抑制,改善硝酸盐积累的现象,使反应器脱氮效果迅速恢复。
The invention provides an integrated wastewater denitrification device and a wastewater denitrification method. The device provided by the invention has simple structure and good stability and recovery. The present invention uses nitrifying bacteria and low-activity flocculent anammox sludge as the main body of the reactor, and selectively inhibits the growth and activity of nitrifying bacteria by intermittently adding a certain concentration of hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine over a long period of time. At the same time, the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria is promoted; the reactor adopts the operation mode of sequencing batch reactor, and the dilution of influent water containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen is realized by adjusting the drainage ratio, so that the matrix concentration in the reactor Within a suitable range, it does not cause inhibition of short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, improves the phenomenon of nitrate accumulation, and quickly restores the denitrification effect of the reactor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及废水处理技术领域,尤其涉及一种一体式废水脱氮装置及一种废水脱氮的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to an integrated wastewater denitrification device and a wastewater denitrification method.
背景技术Background technique
氮素污染会造成水体的富营养化,且随着我国城镇化和工业化的迅速发展,该问题日益严峻并引发了多次公共环境安全事件。为此,近年来国家陆续颁布并实施了新的污水排放标准,其中尤其提高了氨氮的排放要求,并首次对出水总氮进行了限定。同时,氨氮成为了国家“十二五规划”中新的总量控制指标。然而,我国目前还大量存在着如厌氧消化上清液、光电废水等工业废水难以处理的问题,这类废水由于具有高氨氮、低碳氮比的特点,总氮去除尤为困难。Nitrogen pollution will cause eutrophication of water bodies, and with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in my country, this problem has become increasingly serious and has caused many public environmental safety incidents. For this reason, in recent years, the state has successively promulgated and implemented new sewage discharge standards, among which the discharge requirements for ammonia nitrogen have been particularly improved, and the total nitrogen in the effluent has been limited for the first time. At the same time, ammonia nitrogen has become a new total control indicator in the national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". However, there are still a large number of problems in my country such as anaerobic digestion supernatant, photoelectric wastewater and other industrial wastewater that are difficult to treat. Due to the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen and low carbon nitrogen ratio in this type of wastewater, it is particularly difficult to remove total nitrogen.
传统的脱氮技术多采用硝化-反硝化技术手段进行,该技术由于需要大量氧气用于硝化作用、大量有机碳源用于反硝化作用,在处理高氨氮、低碳氮比废水的情况下尤为不经济和困难。目前,国际上研究热点开始转向基于厌氧氨氧化的脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化菌是一种革兰氏阴性球状菌,其利用氨氮作为电子供体、亚硝酸根作为电子受体,通过氮元素之间的氧化还原反应直接生成氮气,实现能源和碳源的节约。然而,厌氧氨氧化菌生长尤为缓慢,需要在具有较强生物持留能力的反应器中生长。在工程应用时,实际废水中氮素的主要形式是氨氮,因此,厌氧氨氧化过程需要与亚硝化过程耦合进行,厌氧氨氧化过程与亚硝化过程的耦合主要分为两种方式:一种是使用两个反应器连接,两者分别主要进行亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化,另一种则是使亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化在同一个反应器中进行,称为一体式脱氮。而一体式脱氮由于其构筑物数量少,相对于分体化设计便于进行工程运行管理,同时由于无单独的亚硝化反应器,因此在脱氮过程中无亚硝酸盐积累的问题,提高运行安全性,并减少温室气体N2O的排放。但运行一体化反应器时,需要选择性培养反应器中的氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌,同时抑制硝化细菌;另一方面,在实际应用中,不稳定的进水情况经常性会造成反应器的波动、从而对反应器形成抑制,因此,反应器的恢复能力也很重要。The traditional denitrification technology mostly adopts nitrification-denitrification technology. Because this technology requires a large amount of oxygen for nitrification and a large amount of organic carbon source for denitrification, it is especially suitable for treating wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen and low carbon to nitrogen ratio. Uneconomical and difficult. At present, international research hotspots have begun to turn to the denitrification process based on anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Anammox bacteria is a Gram-negative spherical bacterium, which uses ammonia nitrogen as an electron donor and nitrite as an electron acceptor to directly generate nitrogen through the oxidation-reduction reaction between nitrogen elements to achieve energy and carbon sources. saving. However, anammox bacteria grow very slowly and need to be grown in a reactor with a strong bioretention capacity. In engineering applications, the main form of nitrogen in actual wastewater is ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, the anammox process needs to be coupled with the nitrosation process. The coupling between the anammox process and the nitrosation process is mainly divided into two ways: 1. One is to use two reactors to connect, the two mainly carry out nitrosation and anammox respectively, and the other is to carry out nitrosation and anammox in the same reactor, which is called integrated denitrification. Compared with the split design, the integrated denitrification is easier to carry out project operation management due to its small number of structures. At the same time, because there is no separate nitrosation reactor, there is no problem of nitrite accumulation in the denitrification process, which improves operational safety. and reduce greenhouse gas N 2 O emissions. However, when running the integrated reactor, it is necessary to selectively cultivate the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in the reactor, and at the same time inhibit the nitrifying bacteria; on the other hand, in practical applications, unstable water inflow often causes Fluctuation of the reactor, thereby inhibiting the reactor, therefore, the resilience of the reactor is also important.
综上所述,现有的厌氧氨氧化为主的脱氮反应器各具优势,但也各有欠缺;为了实现厌氧氨氧化工艺在高负荷、高进水浓度下、长期稳定运行并具有较强的恢复能力,尚需进一步的改进。To sum up, the existing anammox-based denitrification reactors have their own advantages, but also have their own shortcomings; in order to realize the long-term stable operation of the anammox process under high load and high influent concentration Strong recovery ability needs further improvement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种一体式废水脱氮装置及一种废水脱氮的方法,本发明提供的一体式废水脱氮装置具有高负荷、高进水浓度、长期稳定性和恢复能力好的特点。The object of the present invention is to provide an integrated wastewater denitrification device and a method for wastewater denitrification. The integrated wastewater denitrification device provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high load, high influent concentration, long-term stability and good recovery ability.
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种一体式废水脱氮装置,包含反应器、进水装置、进水泵、出水泵、回流泵、水浴装置、曝气泵、搅拌装置和水浴夹套;The invention provides an integrated wastewater denitrification device, comprising a reactor, a water inlet device, a water inlet pump, a water outlet pump, a return pump, a water bath device, an aeration pump, a stirring device and a water bath jacket;
其中,所述进水装置通过进水泵和反应器下部进水口进行连通;Wherein, the water inlet device communicates with the water inlet at the lower part of the reactor through the water inlet pump;
所述搅拌装置设置于反应器内部;The stirring device is arranged inside the reactor;
所述出水泵和反应器的中部出水口进行连通;The water outlet pump communicates with the middle water outlet of the reactor;
所述水浴夹套包裹反应器侧面,所述水浴夹套的出口与水浴装置进行连通,所述水浴夹套的入口通过回流泵与水浴装置进行连通;The water-bath jacket wraps the side of the reactor, the outlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device, and the inlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device through a reflux pump;
所述曝气泵连接在反应器内部底端。The aeration pump is connected to the inner bottom of the reactor.
优选的,所述进水泵、出水泵、曝气泵和搅拌装置独立地连接控制器。Preferably, the water inlet pump, water outlet pump, aeration pump and stirring device are independently connected to the controller.
优选的,所述反应器上部设置有溢流口。Preferably, the upper part of the reactor is provided with an overflow port.
本发明还提供了一种使用上述技术方案任意一项所述一体式废水脱氮装置进行废水脱氮的方法,包含如下步骤:The present invention also provides a method for denitrifying wastewater using the integrated wastewater denitrification device described in any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:
(1)在反应器中加入硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料;(1) Add nitrification sludge, anammox sludge and filler in the reactor;
(2)启动曝气泵和搅拌装置,通过进水泵向反应器中进水;(2) Start the aeration pump and the stirring device, and feed water into the reactor by the water inlet pump;
(3)进水结束后,保持曝气泵和搅拌装置的持续运行,进行反应;(3) After the water intake is over, keep the aeration pump and stirring device running continuously for reaction;
(4)反应完毕后,曝气泵和搅拌装置停止运行,使得污泥进行沉淀,上清液由出水泵排出;(4) After the reaction is completed, the aeration pump and the stirring device stop running, so that the sludge is precipitated, and the supernatant is discharged by the outlet pump;
(5)重复步骤(2)~(4),继续运行若干个周期进行所述废水脱氮处理;(5) Repeat steps (2) to (4), and continue to run several cycles to carry out the denitrification treatment of the wastewater;
在上述废水脱氮处理过程中,间歇性的向反应器中投加羟胺和/或联氨。During the wastewater denitrification treatment process, intermittently add hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the reactor.
优选的,所述向反应器中投加羟胺和/或联氨的频率为3~5天/次;Preferably, the frequency of adding hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the reactor is 3 to 5 days/time;
每次投加的羟胺和/或联氨的量为1~5mg N/L。The amount of hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine added each time is 1-5 mg N/L.
优选的,所述硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥的接种量独立地为≥6000mg VSS/L。Preferably, the inoculum amounts of the nitrification sludge and the anammox sludge are independently ≥ 6000 mg VSS/L.
优选的,所述填料的体积填充比为40~60%。Preferably, the volume filling ratio of the filler is 40-60%.
优选的,所述废水脱氮处理过程中,水浴装置和回流泵持续运行,保证反应器的运行温度。Preferably, during the wastewater denitrification treatment process, the water bath device and the reflux pump continue to operate to ensure the operating temperature of the reactor.
优选的,所述废水脱氮处理过程中反应器内部的溶解氧的浓度为0.1~1mg/L,反应器的运行温度为30~35℃。Preferably, the dissolved oxygen concentration inside the reactor is 0.1-1 mg/L during the wastewater denitrification treatment process, and the operating temperature of the reactor is 30-35°C.
本发明提供了一种一体式废水脱氮装置,包含反应器、进水装置、进水泵、出水泵、回流泵、水浴装置、曝气泵、搅拌装置和水浴夹套;其中,所述进水装置通过进水泵和反应器下部进水口进行连通;所述搅拌装置设置于反应器内部;所述出水泵和反应器的中部出水口进行连通;所述水浴夹套包裹反应器侧面,所述水浴夹套的出口与水浴装置进行连通,所述水浴夹套的入口通过回流泵与水浴装置进行连通;所述曝气泵连接在反应器内部底端。本发明提供的装置构造简单,稳定性和恢复性良好。克服了目前一体化脱氮反应器中存在的在长期运行下,硝化细菌在与厌氧氨氧化菌的竞争中逐渐占据优势,造成硝酸盐积累,以及抗冲击和稳定性差、恢复能力弱的问题,其脱氮负荷较高、长期运行稳定性强,在受到强烈抑制后仍具有很强的恢复能力,从而能实现经济高效脱除总氮。The invention provides an integrated waste water denitrification device, comprising a reactor, a water inlet device, a water inlet pump, an outlet pump, a reflux pump, a water bath device, an aeration pump, a stirring device and a water bath jacket; wherein, the water inlet The device communicates with the water inlet of the lower part of the reactor through the water inlet pump; the stirring device is arranged inside the reactor; the water outlet pump communicates with the water outlet in the middle of the reactor; the water bath jacket wraps the side of the reactor, and the water bath The outlet of the jacket is communicated with the water bath device, and the inlet of the water bath jacket is communicated with the water bath device through a reflux pump; the aeration pump is connected to the inner bottom of the reactor. The device provided by the invention has simple structure and good stability and recovery. It overcomes the problems existing in the current integrated denitrification reactor that under long-term operation, nitrifying bacteria gradually gain an advantage in the competition with anammox bacteria, resulting in nitrate accumulation, poor impact resistance, poor stability, and weak recovery ability , which has a high denitrification load, strong long-term operation stability, and strong recovery ability after being strongly suppressed, so that it can achieve economical and efficient removal of total nitrogen.
本发明还提供了一种废水脱氮的方法。本发明使反应器主体采用硝化细菌和低活性的絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过长期间歇地投加羟胺和/或联氨的方式,选择性地抑制硝化细菌的生长与活性,同时促进氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;反应器采用序批式反应器的运行方式,通过调节排水比的方式实现对含高浓度氨氮进水的稀释,以使得反应器内氨氮浓度在合适的范围内,不造成对短程硝化与厌氧氨氧化的抑制,改善硝酸盐积累的现象,使反应器脱氮效果迅速恢复。The invention also provides a method for denitrification of waste water. The present invention uses nitrifying bacteria and low-activity flocculent anammox sludge as the main body of the reactor, and selectively inhibits the growth and activity of nitrifying bacteria by intermittently adding hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine for a long time, while promoting The activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria; the reactor adopts the operation mode of sequencing batch reactor, and realizes the dilution of influent water containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen by adjusting the drainage ratio, so that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the reactor is at a suitable level. Within the range, it will not cause the inhibition of short-range nitrification and anammox, improve the phenomenon of nitrate accumulation, and quickly restore the denitrification effect of the reactor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一体式废水脱氮装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated wastewater denitrification device;
其中,1-进水装置,2-进水泵,3-反应器,4-出水泵,5-回流泵,6-水浴装置,7-曝气泵,8-搅拌机,9-搅拌桨,10-填料,11-水浴夹套。Among them, 1-water inlet device, 2-water inlet pump, 3-reactor, 4-water outlet pump, 5-reflux pump, 6-water bath device, 7-aeration pump, 8-mixer, 9-stirring paddle, 10- Packing, 11 - water bath jacket.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明提供了一种一体式废水脱氮装置,包含反应器、进水装置、进水泵、出水泵、回流泵、水浴装置、曝气泵、搅拌装置和水浴夹套;The invention provides an integrated wastewater denitrification device, comprising a reactor, a water inlet device, a water inlet pump, a water outlet pump, a return pump, a water bath device, an aeration pump, a stirring device and a water bath jacket;
其中,所述进水装置通过进水泵和反应器下部进水口进行连通;Wherein, the water inlet device communicates with the water inlet at the lower part of the reactor through the water inlet pump;
所述搅拌装置设置于反应器内部;The stirring device is arranged inside the reactor;
所述出水泵和反应器的中部出水口进行连通;The water outlet pump communicates with the middle water outlet of the reactor;
所述水浴夹套包裹反应器侧面,所述水浴夹套的出口与水浴装置进行连通,所述水浴夹套的入口通过回流泵与水浴装置进行连通;The water-bath jacket wraps the side of the reactor, the outlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device, and the inlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device through a reflux pump;
所述曝气泵连接在反应器内部底端。The aeration pump is connected to the inner bottom of the reactor.
作为本发明的一个具体实施例,本发明提供的一体式废水脱氮装置的结构示意图如图1所示。由图1可知,所述一体式废水脱氮装置包含反应器、进水装置、进水泵、出水泵、回流泵、水浴装置、曝气泵、搅拌装置和水浴夹套;其中,所述进水装置通过进水泵和反应器下部进水口进行连通;所述搅拌装置包含搅拌机和搅拌桨,所述搅拌桨设置于反应器内部;所述出水泵和反应器的中部出水口进行连通;所述水浴夹套包裹反应器侧面,所述水浴夹套的出口与水浴装置进行连通,所述水浴夹套的入口通过回流泵与水浴装置进行连通;所述曝气泵连接在反应器内部底端。As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a schematic structural diagram of an integrated wastewater denitrification device provided by the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 . As can be seen from Figure 1, the integrated waste water denitrification device includes a reactor, water inlet device, water inlet pump, water outlet pump, reflux pump, water bath device, aeration pump, stirring device and water bath jacket; wherein, the water inlet The device communicates with the lower water inlet of the reactor through the water inlet pump; the stirring device includes a stirrer and a stirring paddle, and the stirring paddle is arranged inside the reactor; the water outlet pump communicates with the middle water outlet of the reactor; the water bath The jacket wraps the side of the reactor, the outlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device, the inlet of the water-bath jacket communicates with the water-bath device through a reflux pump; the aeration pump is connected to the inner bottom of the reactor.
本发明对所述反应器、进水装置、进水泵、出水泵、回流泵、水浴装置、曝气泵、搅拌装置和水浴夹套的具体型号和结构等参数没有任何的特殊要求,采用废水处理装置领域技术人员所熟知的废水处理装置用各部件即可。The present invention does not have any special requirements on the specific models and structures of the reactor, water inlet device, water inlet pump, water outlet pump, reflux pump, water bath device, aeration pump, stirring device and water bath jacket, and uses wastewater treatment The components of the waste water treatment device well known to those skilled in the field of the device are sufficient.
本发明对所述反应器的长径比没有任何的特殊要求,在本发明具体实施例中,所述反应器的长径比优选为4~8,更优选为5~6。The present invention does not have any special requirements on the aspect ratio of the reactor. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the aspect ratio of the reactor is preferably 4-8, more preferably 5-6.
作为本发明的一个优选实施例,所述进水泵、出水泵、曝气泵和搅拌装置独立地连接控制器,所述控制器对进水泵、出水泵、曝气泵和搅拌装置的运行进行自动调控。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet pump, the water outlet pump, the aeration pump and the stirring device are independently connected to the controller, and the controller automatically performs the operation of the water inlet pump, the water outlet pump, the aeration pump and the stirring device. regulation.
作为本发明的一个优选实施例,所述反应器上部设置有溢流口。As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper part of the reactor is provided with an overflow port.
本发明还提供了一种使用上述技术方案任意一项所述一体式废水脱氮装置进行废水脱氮的方法,包含如下步骤:The present invention also provides a method for denitrifying wastewater using the integrated wastewater denitrification device described in any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:
(1)在反应器中加入硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料;(1) Add nitrification sludge, anammox sludge and filler in the reactor;
(2)启动曝气泵和搅拌装置,通过进水泵向反应器中进水;(2) Start the aeration pump and the stirring device, and feed water into the reactor by the water inlet pump;
(3)进水结束后,保持曝气泵和搅拌装置的持续运行,进行反应;(3) After the water intake is over, keep the aeration pump and stirring device running continuously for reaction;
(4)反应完毕后,曝气泵和搅拌装置停止运行,使得污泥进行沉淀,上清液由出水泵排出;(4) After the reaction is completed, the aeration pump and the stirring device stop running, so that the sludge is precipitated, and the supernatant is discharged by the outlet pump;
(5)重复步骤(2)~(4),继续运行若干个周期进行所述废水脱氮处理;(5) Repeat steps (2) to (4), and continue to run several cycles to carry out the denitrification treatment of the wastewater;
在上述废水脱氮处理过程中,间歇性的向反应器中投加羟胺和/或联氨。During the wastewater denitrification treatment process, intermittently add hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the reactor.
本发明首先在反应器中加入硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料。本发明对所述硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料的加入顺序没有任何的特殊要求,三者可以按照任意的顺序添加。In the invention, nitrifying sludge, anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge and filler are firstly added into the reactor. The present invention has no special requirements on the order of adding the nitrification sludge, anammox sludge and filler, and the three can be added in any order.
在本发明中,所述硝化污泥中优势门类为Nitrosomonas,所述厌氧氨氧化污泥中优势门类为Candidatus Kuenenia。本发明对所述硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥的来源没有任何的特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所熟知的废水处理用硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥即可。In the present invention, the dominant species in the nitrification sludge is Nitrosomonas, and the dominant species in the anammox sludge is Candidatus Kuenenia. The present invention does not have any special requirements on the sources of the nitrification sludge and the anammox sludge, and the nitrification sludge and the anammox sludge for wastewater treatment well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
在本发明中,所述硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥的接种量独立地优选为≥6000mgVSS/L,更优选为≥7000mg VSS/L,最优选为≥8000mg VSS/L。在本发明具体实施例中,所述硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥的接种量独立地优选为6000~10000mg VSS/L,更优选为7000~9000mg VSS/L,最优选为8000mg VSS/L。In the present invention, the inoculation amount of the nitrification sludge and the anammox sludge is independently preferably ≥6000mgVSS/L, more preferably ≥7000mgVSS/L, most preferably ≥8000mgVSS/L. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the inoculation amount of the nitrification sludge and the anammox sludge is independently preferably 6000-10000 mg VSS/L, more preferably 7000-9000 mg VSS/L, most preferably 8000 mg VSS/L L.
在本发明中,所述填料优选为塑料填料。本发明对所述塑料填料的种类和来源没有任何的特殊要求,采用本领域技术人员所常用的速率填料即可。在本发明具体实施例中,所述填料优选为柱状,高1cm,直径1cm。在本发明中,所述填料的体积填充比优选为40~60%,更优选为45~55%。本发明所选用的填料,挂膜效果良好。In the present invention, the filler is preferably a plastic filler. The present invention does not have any special requirements on the type and source of the plastic filler, and the rate filler commonly used by those skilled in the art can be used. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the filler is preferably columnar, with a height of 1 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. In the present invention, the volume filling ratio of the filler is preferably 40-60%, more preferably 45-55%. The filler selected in the present invention has a good film-hanging effect.
本发明在添加完毕所述硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料后,反应器中的初始pH值优选为7~8,更优选为7.5。In the present invention, after the nitrification sludge, anammox sludge and filler are added, the initial pH value in the reactor is preferably 7-8, more preferably 7.5.
在反应器中加入硝化污泥、厌氧氨氧化污泥和填料后,本发明启动曝气泵和搅拌装置,通过进水泵向反应器中进水。本发明优选在启动曝气泵和搅拌装置一定时间后,再开启进水泵向反应器中进水,以加强传质,同时使得进水中的基质被迅速消耗,使反应器中的氨氮不对氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌产生抑制;所述一定时间优选为10~20s,更优选为15~16s。After adding nitrification sludge, anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge and filler into the reactor, the invention starts the aeration pump and the stirring device, and feeds water into the reactor through the water inlet pump. In the present invention, after starting the aeration pump and the stirring device for a certain period of time, the water inlet pump is turned on to feed water into the reactor to enhance mass transfer, and at the same time, the matrix in the feed water is quickly consumed, so that the ammonia nitrogen in the reactor is not correct for ammonia nitrogen. Oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria are inhibited; the certain time is preferably 10-20s, more preferably 15-16s.
在本发明中,所述曝气量优选以控制所述废水脱氮处理过程中溶解氧的浓度为0.1~1mg/L为准,更优选为0.2~0.8mg/L,最优选为0.4~0.6mg/L。In the present invention, the aeration rate is preferably based on controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the wastewater denitrification treatment process to be 0.1-1 mg/L, more preferably 0.2-0.8 mg/L, most preferably 0.4-0.6 mg/L.
在本发明中,所述搅拌装置的搅拌速率优选为100~140rpm,更优选为110~130rpm,最优选为120rpm。In the present invention, the stirring rate of the stirring device is preferably 100-140 rpm, more preferably 110-130 rpm, most preferably 120 rpm.
在本发明中,每个周期内进水的时间硬性为1~3min,1~3min内所述进水的进水量优选为0.5~1L,更优选为0.6~0.8L。在本发明中,所述进水具体的可以为任意种类的氨氮废水。In the present invention, the duration of water inflow in each cycle is 1-3 minutes, and the amount of water inflow in 1-3 minutes is preferably 0.5-1 L, more preferably 0.6-0.8 L. In the present invention, the influent can specifically be any kind of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
在本发明中,在启动初期,所述进水水质中NH4Cl的浓度优选的≤200mgN/L,随着反应器运行状况优化,所述进水水质中NH4Cl的浓度优选的≥250mgN/L,当反应器达到稳定运行时,所述进水水质中NH4Cl的浓度优选的≥300mgN/L,但注意一般不超过500mgN/L。在本发明具体实施例中,所述进水水质中NH4Cl的浓度优选为200~330mgN/L,更优选为250~300mgN/L;KH2PO4的浓度优选为10~45mgP/L,更优选为20~30mgP/L;CaCl2的浓度优选为150~320mg/L,更优选为200~280mg/L;MgSO4·7H2O的浓度优选为100~220mg/L,更优选为180~200mg/L;NaHCO3的浓度优选为15~20mg/L,更优选为16~18g/L;微量元素溶液I的浓度优选为0.5mg/L;微量元素溶液II的浓度优选为1.5~2.5mg/L,更优选为2mg/L。In the present invention, at the initial stage of start-up, the concentration of NH 4 Cl in the influent water quality is preferably ≤200mgN/L, and as the operating condition of the reactor is optimized, the concentration of NH 4 Cl in the influent water quality is preferably ≥250mgN/L /L, when the reactor achieves stable operation, the concentration of NH 4 Cl in the influent water quality is preferably ≥300mgN/L, but generally not more than 500mgN/L. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of NH 4 Cl in the influent water quality is preferably 200-330 mgN/L, more preferably 250-300 mgN/L; the concentration of KH 2 PO 4 is preferably 10-45 mgP/L, More preferably 20-30 mgP/L; the concentration of CaCl 2 is preferably 150-320 mg/L, more preferably 200-280 mg/L; the concentration of MgSO 4 7H 2 O is preferably 100-220 mg/L, more preferably 180 ~200mg/L; the concentration of NaHCO3 is preferably 15~20mg/L, more preferably 16~18g/L; the concentration of trace element solution I is preferably 0.5mg/L; the concentration of trace element solution II is preferably 1.5~2.5 mg/L, more preferably 2mg/L.
在本发明具体实施例中,所述微量元素溶液I的组成为(g/L):FeSO4 7.5~8.5,EDTA 5;微量元素溶液II的组成为(g/L):EDTA 15,CuSO4·5H2O 0.22~0.24,ZnSO4·7H2O0.43,NiCl2·6H2O 0.18~0.19,NaSeO4·10H2O 0.21,NaMoO4·2H2O 0.22,H3BO4 0.014,MnCl2·4H2O 0.99,氯化锌0.26g/L。In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the trace element solution I is (g/L): FeSO 4 7.5-8.5, EDTA 5; the composition of the trace element solution II is (g/L): EDTA 15, CuSO 4 5H 2 O 0.22~0.24, ZnSO 4 7H 2 O 0.43, NiCl 2 6H 2 O 0.18~0.19, NaSeO 4 10H 2 O 0.21, NaMoO 4 2H 2 O 0.22, H 3 BO 4 0.014, MnCl 2 · 4H 2 O 0.99, zinc chloride 0.26g/L.
进水结束后,本发明保持曝气泵和搅拌装置的持续运行,进行反应。在本发明中,所述反应具体的为硝化污泥和厌氧氨氧化污泥中的细菌吸收废水中的氨氮等溶质的生物过程。在本发明中,每个周期内反应阶段的反应时间优选为30~120min,在反应器启动阶段优选为90~120min,随着反应器运行状况优化,反应时间优选为50~80min,当反应器达到稳定运行时,反应时间优选为30~40min。After the water inflow is finished, the present invention keeps the aeration pump and the stirring device running continuously to carry out the reaction. In the present invention, the reaction is specifically a biological process in which bacteria in nitrification sludge and anammox sludge absorb solutes such as ammonia nitrogen in wastewater. In the present invention, the reaction time of the reaction phase in each cycle is preferably 30 to 120 min, and is preferably 90 to 120 min in the reactor start-up phase. As the reactor operating condition is optimized, the reaction time is preferably 50 to 80 min. When the reactor When stable operation is achieved, the reaction time is preferably 30-40 minutes.
反应完毕后,本发明保持曝气泵和搅拌装置停止运行,使得污泥进行沉淀,上清液由出水泵排出。在本发明中,所述出水的排出比优选为10~30%,更优选为15~25%,最优选为20%。本发明通过控制排水比来对反应器内氨氮基质的浓度进行调控,本发明所述排水比能够控制反应器内部氨氮浓度为100~120mg/L,优选为105~115mg/L。After the reaction is completed, the present invention keeps the aeration pump and the stirring device out of operation, so that the sludge is precipitated, and the supernatant is discharged by the outlet pump. In the present invention, the discharge ratio of the effluent is preferably 10-30%, more preferably 15-25%, most preferably 20%. The present invention regulates the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen substrate in the reactor by controlling the drainage ratio. The drainage ratio of the present invention can control the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the reactor to be 100-120 mg/L, preferably 105-115 mg/L.
所述排水结束后,本发明重复步骤(2)~(4),继续运行若干个周期进行所述废水脱氮处理。在本发明中,每个周期均包含进水阶段、反应阶段、沉淀阶段和出水阶段。After the drainage is completed, the present invention repeats steps (2) to (4), and continues to operate for several cycles to carry out the denitrification treatment of the wastewater. In the present invention, each cycle includes a water inlet stage, a reaction stage, a precipitation stage and a water outlet stage.
在上述废水脱氮处理过程中,本发明间歇性的向反应器中投加羟胺和/或联氨。在本发明中,所述向反应器中投加羟胺和/或联氨的频率优选为3~5天1次,更优选为4天1次。During the above wastewater denitrification treatment process, the present invention intermittently adds hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the reactor. In the present invention, the frequency of adding hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the reactor is preferably once every 3-5 days, more preferably once every four days.
在本发明中,所述3~5天1次具体的是指每隔3~5天之后的一天内,在每个周期的进水阶段的进水中均添加羟胺和/或联氨;具体的如,当所述频率为为4天1次时,在隔四天后的第五天的所有周期的进水阶段均向进水中添加羟胺和/或联氨。In the present invention, once every 3 to 5 days specifically refers to adding hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the water in the water inflow stage of each cycle within one day after every 3 to 5 days; specifically For example, when the frequency is once every 4 days, hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine are added to the influent in the influent stage of all cycles on the fifth day after every four days.
在本发明中,每次投加的羟胺和/或联氨的量优选为1~5mg N/L(以进水体积计,也即羟胺和/或联氨在进水中的浓度),更优选为2~4mg N/L,最优选为3mgN/L。In the present invention, the amount of hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine added each time is preferably 1 to 5 mg N/L (in terms of influent volume, that is, the concentration of hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine in influent), more preferably It is preferably 2-4 mg N/L, most preferably 3 mg N/L.
本发明从反应器启动开始,向一体式脱氮反应器中间歇性地添加羟胺和/或联氨,能够达到促进亚硝化与厌氧氨氧化,同时选择性地抑制硝化作用,从而有利于反应器的快速启动与长期稳定运行。In the present invention, intermittently adding hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine to the integrated denitrification reactor from the start of the reactor can promote nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and at the same time selectively inhibit nitrification, thereby facilitating the reaction Fast start-up and long-term stable operation of the controller.
在所述废水脱氮处理过程中,水浴装置和回流泵持续运行,以保证反应器的运行温度。在本发明中,所述水浴装置的运行温度优选为30~35℃,更优选为31~34℃,最优选为32~33℃。During the wastewater denitrification treatment process, the water bath device and the reflux pump continue to operate to ensure the operating temperature of the reactor. In the present invention, the operating temperature of the water bath device is preferably 30-35°C, more preferably 31-34°C, most preferably 32-33°C.
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种一体式废水脱氮装置及一种废水脱氮的方法进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。An integrated wastewater denitrification device and a wastewater denitrification method provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
进水组成为:NH4Cl(浓度200mgN/L),KH2PO4(浓度45mg P/L),CaCl2(浓度150mg/L),MgSO4·7H2O(浓度100mg/L),NaHCO3(浓度15g/L),微量元素溶液I 1mL/L,微量元素溶液II 0.5mL/L。微量元素I包括硫酸亚铁8.5g/L和EDTA钠盐5g/L。微量元素II包括EDTA钠盐15g/L、氯化锰0.99g/L、硫酸铜0.24g/L、氯化锌0.26g/L,NaSeO4·10H2O 0.21,NaMoO4·2H2O 0.22,H3BO4 0.014和氯化镍0.18g/L。Influent water composition: NH 4 Cl (concentration 200mgN/L), KH 2 PO 4 (concentration 45mg P/L), CaCl 2 (concentration 150mg/L), MgSO 4 7H 2 O (concentration 100mg/L), NaHCO 3 (concentration 15g/L), trace element solution I 1mL/L, trace element solution II 0.5mL/L. Trace elements I include ferrous sulfate 8.5g/L and EDTA sodium salt 5g/L. Trace elements II include EDTA sodium salt 15g/L, manganese chloride 0.99g/L, copper sulfate 0.24g/L, zinc chloride 0.26g/L, NaSeO 4 10H 2 O 0.21, NaMoO 4 2H 2 O 0.22, H 3 BO 4 0.014 and nickel chloride 0.18g/L.
进水前先开启曝气泵和搅拌设备,进水从下方进入反应器3进行反应。在反应过程中,曝气泵7持续曝气,为反应器内提供溶解氧(0.1~1mg/L),搅拌机8(120rpm)不断进行搅拌以加强传质。The aeration pump and stirring equipment are turned on before the water enters, and the water enters the reactor 3 from below for reaction. During the reaction process, the aeration pump 7 continuously aerates to provide dissolved oxygen (0.1-1 mg/L) in the reactor, and the agitator 8 (120 rpm) continuously agitates to enhance mass transfer.
反应完毕后,曝气泵7与搅拌机8停止动作使得污泥沉淀,上清液经由排水管排出至排水桶,开始下一个周期。After the reaction is completed, the aeration pump 7 and the mixer 8 are stopped to allow the sludge to settle, and the supernatant is discharged to the drain bucket through the drain pipe to start the next cycle.
反应器3中设置水浴夹套,水浴夹套里面的水排入水浴锅6,经由回流泵5再重新泵回水浴夹套形成水浴循环,为反应器3中的反应环境提供温度条件(32℃)。A water-bath jacket is set in the reactor 3, and the water in the water-bath jacket is discharged into the water-bath pot 6, and then pumped back to the water-bath jacket again via the reflux pump 5 to form a water-bath cycle, providing temperature conditions (32° C. for the reaction environment in the reactor 3) ).
在运行过程中,同时外加羟胺,将其溶解于进水中,投加频率为3~5天一次,投加浓度为2mg N/L。通过添加羟胺,反应器3在接种硝化污泥与絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥后,经13天即可启动并达到1.02kgN/(m3·d)的总氮去除负荷;向受高浓度溶解氧抑制而出现运行失稳的一体式反应器中添加羟胺,出水中硝酸盐过量积累的现象迅速改善,并经40天运行后,反应器的总氮去除负荷由0.88kgN/(m3·d)上升至1.69kgN/(m3·d),总氮去除率由69.5%上升至85.5%。羟氨对NOB的抑制作用是可逆的(停止添加羟胺7天后出水硝酸盐开始出现过量积累)。During the operation, add hydroxylamine at the same time and dissolve it in the influent water. The frequency of addition is once every 3 to 5 days, and the concentration of addition is 2mg N/L. By adding hydroxylamine, Reactor 3 can start up and reach a total nitrogen removal load of 1.02kgN/(m 3 ·d) after 13 days after inoculation of nitrification sludge and flocculent anammox sludge; Adding hydroxylamine to the one-piece reactor that caused instability due to the inhibition of dissolved oxygen quickly improved the excessive accumulation of nitrate in the effluent, and after 40 days of operation, the total nitrogen removal load of the reactor was reduced from 0.88kgN/(m 3 · d) Increased to 1.69kgN/(m 3 ·d), the total nitrogen removal rate increased from 69.5% to 85.5%. The inhibitory effect of hydroxylamine on NOB was reversible (nitrate in the effluent began to accumulate excessively 7 days after the addition of hydroxylamine was stopped).
在本发明中,所述周期运行的反应器内大约分为三个阶段:In the present invention, the reactor of cycle operation is roughly divided into three stages:
第一个阶段为刚启动反应器时,排水比0.1,出水氨氮浓度1.2~5.0mg/L,亚硝氮浓度2~3.0mg/L,硝酸盐浓度1.0~4.2mg/L,总氮去除率为72~84%;The first stage is when the reactor is just started, the drainage ratio is 0.1, the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1.2-5.0mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 2-3.0mg/L, the nitrate concentration is 1.0-4.2mg/L, and the total nitrogen removal rate 72-84%;
第二个阶段为反应器运行逐渐成熟时,排水比达到0.2,出水氨氮浓度1.2~7.5mg/L,亚硝氮浓度1.2~8.0mg/L,硝酸盐浓度5.0~20.0mg/L,总氮去除率为83~86%;同时出水中亚硝氮浓度低,硝酸盐积累比例控制在0.12~0.15附近,表明NOB活性较低;The second stage is when the reactor operation gradually matures, the drainage ratio reaches 0.2, the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1.2-7.5mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 1.2-8.0mg/L, the nitrate concentration is 5.0-20.0mg/L, the total nitrogen The removal rate is 83-86%. At the same time, the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the effluent is low, and the nitrate accumulation ratio is controlled around 0.12-0.15, indicating that the NOB activity is low;
第三个阶段为反应器运行达到最佳状态时,排水比达到0.3,出水氨氮浓度0~4.0mg/L,亚硝氮浓度0.5~3.6mg/L,硝酸盐浓度10.0~13.0mg/L,总氮去除率为87~89%;同时出水中亚硝氮浓度低,硝酸盐积累比例控制在0.11,表明NOB活性低。The third stage is when the reactor operation reaches the optimal state, the drainage ratio reaches 0.3, the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0-4.0mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 0.5-3.6mg/L, and the nitrate concentration is 10.0-13.0mg/L. The total nitrogen removal rate was 87-89%. At the same time, the nitrite nitrogen concentration in the effluent was low, and the nitrate accumulation ratio was controlled at 0.11, indicating that the NOB activity was low.
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种一体式废水脱氮装置及一种废水脱氮的方法。本发明提供的装置构造简单,稳定性和恢复性良好。本发明使反应器主体采用硝化细菌和低活性的絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过长期间歇地投加一定浓度羟胺和/或联氨的方式,选择性地抑制硝化细菌的生长与活性,同时促进氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌的活性;反应器采用序批式反应器的运行方式,通过调节排水比的方式实现对含高浓度氨氮进水的稀释,以使得反应器内基质浓度在合适的范围内,不造成对短程硝化与厌氧氨氧化的抑制,改善硝酸盐积累的现象,使反应器脱氮效果迅速恢复。It can be known from the above embodiments that the present invention provides an integrated wastewater denitrification device and a wastewater denitrification method. The device provided by the invention has simple structure and good stability and recovery. The present invention uses nitrifying bacteria and low-activity flocculent anammox sludge as the main body of the reactor, and selectively inhibits the growth and activity of nitrifying bacteria by intermittently adding a certain concentration of hydroxylamine and/or hydrazine over a long period of time. At the same time, the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria is promoted; the reactor adopts the operation mode of sequencing batch reactor, and the dilution of influent water containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen is realized by adjusting the drainage ratio, so that the matrix concentration in the reactor Within a suitable range, it does not cause inhibition of short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, improves the phenomenon of nitrate accumulation, and quickly restores the denitrification effect of the reactor.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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