CN107162706A - A kind of light-duty long-acting cultivation matrix for roof greening of sludge organism charcoal base and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of light-duty long-acting cultivation matrix for roof greening of sludge organism charcoal base and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005447 environmental material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005614 potassium polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种污泥生物炭基的轻型长效屋顶绿化栽培基质及其制备方法,将城市生活污水处理厂的污泥自然干化后,置于马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率加热至300℃,维持该温度4h,待生物炭冷却后粉碎过筛,制备得到平均直径约为3mm的污泥生物炭产品。污泥生物炭与长效缓释复合肥、保水剂、珍珠岩按质量百分比混匀,其中污泥生物炭82%,长效缓释复合肥1‑2%,保水剂2‑4%,珍珠岩12‑15%。本发明制备原料来源广泛,制备工艺简单。制备主体材料污泥生物炭安全卫生,无异味,不招诱虫鸟,病原菌杀灭彻底。制备的栽培基质具有容重轻、肥效长和不易堵塞排水管道的特点,另外,栽培基质适用范围广,成本合理,易于推广。The invention relates to a sludge biochar-based light-duty long-acting roof greening cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. After the sludge from an urban domestic sewage treatment plant is naturally dried, it is placed in a muffle furnace and heated at a temperature of 10°C/min. The heating rate was heated to 300° C., and the temperature was maintained for 4 hours. After the biochar was cooled, it was pulverized and sieved to prepare a sludge biochar product with an average diameter of about 3 mm. Sludge biochar, long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, and perlite are mixed according to mass percentage, of which sludge biochar is 82%, long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is 1-2%, water-retaining agent is 2-4%, pearl Rock 12‑15%. The preparation raw material source of the present invention is extensive, and preparation process is simple. The preparation of the main material, sludge biochar, is safe and hygienic, has no peculiar smell, does not attract insects and birds, and kills pathogenic bacteria thoroughly. The prepared cultivation substrate has the characteristics of light bulk density, long fertilizer effect and not easy to block drainage pipes. In addition, the cultivation substrate has wide application range, reasonable cost and easy popularization.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种污泥生物炭基的轻型长效屋顶绿化栽培基质及其制备方法。The invention relates to a sludge biochar-based light-duty long-acting roof greening cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
城市建筑越来越强调建筑与自然环境的协调,需要将更多的绿色空间引入到建筑中。屋顶绿化是以建筑物的顶部平台为依托营造园林景观的空间绿化形式,在降低扬尘、净化空气、缓解城市热岛效应方面产生了显著作用,同时还增加了城市绿化面积,节约城市用地,丰富了城市绿色景观。因此,屋顶绿化已经成为人口密集城市的建筑趋势。屋顶绿化作为区别于地面绿化的园林形式,在栽培基质选择上有特殊要求。考虑到减轻屋顶载荷,屋顶绿化栽培基质需要轻质;从屋顶排水方面考虑,基质颗粒不能太小,不能堵塞排水管道。 常规地面绿化栽培基质一般不具备上述两个方面的要求,因此,对于屋顶绿化栽培基质的研发成为亟待解决的技术难题。Urban architecture is increasingly emphasizing the coordination between buildings and the natural environment, and more green spaces need to be introduced into buildings. Roof greening is a space greening form based on the top platform of the building to create a garden landscape. It has played a significant role in reducing dust, purifying the air, and alleviating the urban heat island effect. At the same time, it also increases the urban greening area, saves urban land, and enriches Urban green landscape. Therefore, green roofs have become an architectural trend in densely populated cities. As a garden form different from ground greening, roof greening has special requirements for the selection of cultivation substrates. Considering the reduction of the roof load, the roof greening cultivation substrate needs to be light; in terms of roof drainage, the substrate particles should not be too small to block the drainage pipes. Conventional ground greening cultivation substrates generally do not meet the requirements of the above two aspects. Therefore, the research and development of roof greening cultivation substrates has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.
城市生活污泥是城市生活污水的处理过程中的沉淀物,它的处理处置问题一直是困扰城市发展的难题。目前,将城市生活污泥通过低温热裂解技术炭化制备成生物炭,成为城市生活污泥资源化利用的重要方式之一。轻质的污泥生物炭具有成为屋顶绿化栽培基质的潜质,然而,污泥生物炭基屋顶绿化栽培基质的研究却鲜见报道。Municipal domestic sludge is the sediment in the treatment process of urban domestic sewage, and its treatment and disposal has always been a problem that plagues urban development. At present, the carbonization of municipal domestic sludge into biochar by low-temperature pyrolysis technology has become one of the important ways of resource utilization of municipal domestic sludge. Lightweight sludge biochar has the potential to become a roof greening cultivation substrate, however, the research on sludge biochar-based roof greening cultivation substrate is rarely reported.
有研究者以城市生活污泥为材料作为屋顶绿化栽培基质做过相关的探索。申请号为201410464951.4和201010272600.5的专利均以城市生活污泥为主要原料,通过好氧堆肥工艺制备屋顶绿化栽培基质材料。污泥堆肥发酵后的产品虽具有较高的肥力,但作为屋顶绿化基质,容重依然较高,且颗粒遇水松散,极易造成下水管道堵塞。另外,好氧堆肥工艺控制不好的话,污泥堆肥产品病原菌杀灭不彻底,会侵染植物,污泥堆肥产品还会散发臭味,容易招诱虫鸟。Some researchers have made relevant explorations using urban domestic sludge as a material for roof greening cultivation. The patents with application numbers 201410464951.4 and 201010272600.5 both use urban domestic sludge as the main raw material, and prepare roof greening cultivation substrate materials through aerobic composting process. Although the fermented product of sludge composting has high fertility, as a green roof substrate, the bulk density is still high, and the particles are loose when exposed to water, which can easily cause blockage of sewer pipes. In addition, if the aerobic composting process is not well controlled, the pathogenic bacteria in the sludge composting products will not be completely killed, which will infect plants, and the sludge composting products will also emit odor, which is easy to attract insects and birds.
城市生活污泥生物炭是通过低温热裂解技术将污泥炭化后的产物,不同于常见的炭黑和活性炭,是一种新型的环境材料。该材料具有容重小、杀菌彻底、无异味、疏松多孔特点,另外,由于具有较高比表面积,污泥生物炭可作为肥料的缓释载体,且自身有机碳含量较高,同时,具有良好的保水保肥效果,完全具有栽培基质所需要的“水、肥、气、热”特征,能够发挥不是土壤却胜似土壤的作用。将污泥生物炭作为屋顶绿化的栽培基质,开辟了城市生活污泥资源化利用的新途径,具有重要的社会和生态意义。Municipal domestic sludge biochar is a product of sludge carbonization through low-temperature pyrolysis technology. It is different from common carbon black and activated carbon, and is a new type of environmental material. The material has the characteristics of small bulk density, thorough sterilization, no peculiar smell, loose and porous. In addition, due to its high specific surface area, sludge biochar can be used as a slow-release carrier for fertilizers, and its own organic carbon content is high. At the same time, it has good The effect of water and fertilizer preservation fully has the characteristics of "water, fertilizer, air and heat" required by the cultivation substrate, and can play a role that is not soil but better than soil. Using sludge biochar as the cultivation substrate of roof greening has opened up a new way of resource utilization of urban domestic sludge, which has important social and ecological significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种污泥生物炭基的轻型长效屋顶绿化栽培基质及其制备方法,所述屋顶绿化栽培基质主要是以污泥生物炭为主要材料,辅助添加长效缓释复合肥、保水剂和珍珠岩制备得到的。The object of the present invention is to provide a light-duty long-acting roof greening cultivation substrate based on sludge biochar and a preparation method thereof. fertilizer, water retaining agent and perlite.
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种污泥生物炭基的轻型长效屋顶绿化栽培基质,所述污泥生物炭是指在限氧或无氧条件下,通过低温热裂解技术,将城市生活污水处理厂的剩余污泥炭化制备的生物炭。A light-duty long-term roof greening cultivation substrate based on sludge biochar. The sludge biochar refers to carbonizing the remaining sludge of urban domestic sewage treatment plants through low-temperature pyrolysis technology under oxygen-limited or anaerobic conditions. prepared biochar.
所述的污泥生物炭基的轻型长效屋顶绿化栽培基质是按一下方法制备得到的:The light-duty long-acting roof greening cultivation substrate of the sludge biochar base is prepared according to the following method:
(1)城市生活污泥生物炭的制备:将城市生活污水处理厂的污泥自然干化,此时污泥的含水率在80-84%之间。然后将干化污泥置于大型马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率加热至300℃,维持该温度4h,待生物炭冷却后粉碎过筛,制备得到平均直径约为3mm的污泥生物炭产品。(1) Preparation of municipal domestic sludge biochar: Naturally dry the sludge from the municipal domestic sewage treatment plant, and the moisture content of the sludge is between 80-84%. Then the dried sludge was placed in a large muffle furnace, heated to 300°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours. After the biochar was cooled, it was pulverized and sieved to prepare sludge with an average diameter of about 3mm. Mud biochar products.
(2)栽培基质的配方:将步骤(1)所得污泥生物炭与长效缓释复合肥、保水剂、珍珠岩混匀,质量百分比分别如下:污泥生物炭82%,长效缓释复合肥1-2%,保水剂2-4%,珍珠岩12-15%。配方中的长效复合肥指组成产品的单一养分含量不低于4.0%,氮、磷、钾有效养分含量≥45%的市售复合肥。配方中的保水剂指的是丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸盐共聚交联物(聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵)。珍珠岩指的是市售园艺绿化用膨胀珍珠岩。(2) Cultivation substrate formula: mix the sludge biochar obtained in step (1) with long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, and perlite, and the mass percentages are as follows: sludge biochar 82%, long-acting slow-release Compound fertilizer 1-2%, water retaining agent 2-4%, perlite 12-15%. The long-acting compound fertilizer in the formula refers to the commercially available compound fertilizer with a single nutrient content of not less than 4.0% and an effective nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ≥ 45%. The water-retaining agent in the formula refers to acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked product (polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate). Perlite refers to commercially available expanded perlite for landscaping.
本发明所述的屋顶绿化栽培基质的理化性质为:干容重为0.42-0.51g/cm3,湿容重为0.79-0.87 g/cm3,总孔隙度为62%-71%,pH值6.0-7.5。The physical and chemical properties of the roof greening cultivation substrate of the present invention are: the dry bulk density is 0.42-0.51g/cm 3 , the wet bulk density is 0.79-0.87 g/cm 3 , the total porosity is 62%-71%, and the pH value is 6.0- 7.5.
本发明的优点是:The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)容重轻。干容重为0.42-0.51g/cm3,湿容重为0.79-0.87 g/cm3,是常见地面园林绿化基质的1/3-1/2左右,可显著减轻屋顶载荷。(1) Light bulk density. The dry bulk density is 0.42-0.51g/cm 3 , and the wet bulk density is 0.79-0.87 g/cm 3 , which is about 1/3-1/2 of the common ground landscaping substrate, which can significantly reduce the load on the roof.
(2)肥效长。污泥生物炭本身为肥料的缓释载体,配合以缓释复合肥,能够长时间满足屋顶绿化植物的营养需求。(2) Long fertilizer effect. Sludge biochar itself is a slow-release carrier for fertilizers, combined with slow-release compound fertilizers, it can meet the nutritional needs of roof greening plants for a long time.
(3)不易堵塞排水管道。基质各种材料均为颗粒状,主体材料污泥生物炭颗粒平均直径3mm,且具有一定机械强度,遇水不散,不易堵塞屋顶排水系统。(3) It is not easy to block the drainage pipe. Various materials of the matrix are granular, and the average diameter of the main material is sludge biochar particles of 3mm, and has a certain mechanical strength, does not disperse when exposed to water, and is not easy to block the roof drainage system.
(4)保水保肥。基质总空隙度为62%-71%,具有较好的通气作用,有利于植物根系生长,加上保水剂的使用,同时可保水保肥。(4) Water and fertilizer retention. The total porosity of the matrix is 62%-71%, which has a good aeration effect and is conducive to the growth of plant roots. With the use of water-retaining agents, it can also retain water and fertilizer.
(5)基质卫生。污泥生物炭无异味,不招诱虫鸟。污泥生物炭经高温炭化后,病原菌杀灭彻底,不会侵染屋顶绿化植物。(5) Substrate hygiene. Sludge biochar has no peculiar smell and does not attract insects and birds. After the sludge biochar is carbonized at high temperature, the pathogenic bacteria are completely killed and will not infect the green roof plants.
(6)适用范围广。通过调节除污泥生物炭之外配料的比例,基质适用于大多数屋顶绿化植物。另外,由于容重较轻,适用于各种屋顶绿化用途。(6) Wide application range. By adjusting the ratio of ingredients except sludge biochar, the substrate is suitable for most green roof plants. In addition, due to its light bulk density, it is suitable for various roof greening purposes.
(7)成本合理。基质所用污泥为废弃材料,取材方便。其余材料成本都较低,基质整体价格合理,便于推广应用。(7) The cost is reasonable. The sludge used in the matrix is a waste material, which is convenient to obtain. The cost of other materials is relatively low, and the overall price of the substrate is reasonable, which is convenient for popularization and application.
具体实施方式:detailed description:
下面结合实施例,对本发明做进一步阐述,但本发明保护范围不限于此。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
实施例1Example 1
将城市生活污水处理厂的污泥自然干化,然后将干化污泥置于大型马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率加热至300℃,维持该温度4h,待生物炭冷却后粉碎过筛,制备得到平均直径约为3mm的污泥生物炭产品。在一个屋顶绿化工程中,依照重量百分比污泥生物炭82%,长效缓释复合肥2%,保水剂2%,珍珠岩14%配比,将所述原料混匀。在屋顶铺垫一层陶粒后,将混匀后的基质均匀铺撒与屋顶绿化种植区域内,铺垫厚度为30cm,将基质耙平压实后,种植屋顶绿色植物。Naturally dry the sludge from the urban domestic sewage treatment plant, then place the dried sludge in a large muffle furnace, heat it up to 300°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, maintain the temperature for 4 hours, and wait for the biochar to cool Crush and sieve to prepare a sludge biochar product with an average diameter of about 3 mm. In a roof greening project, according to the proportion by weight of 82% of sludge biochar, 2% of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, 2% of water-retaining agent, and 14% of perlite, the raw materials are mixed evenly. After laying a layer of ceramsite on the roof, evenly spread the mixed substrate on the green roof planting area with a thickness of 30cm. After raking and compacting the substrate, plant green roof plants.
实施例2Example 2
将城市生活污水处理厂的污泥自然干化,然后将干化污泥置于大型马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率加热至300℃,维持该温度4h,待生物炭冷却后粉碎过筛,制备得到平均直径约为3mm的污泥生物炭产品。在一个屋顶绿化工程中,依照重量百分比污泥生物炭82%,长效缓释复合肥1%,保水剂4%,珍珠岩13%配比,将所述原料混匀。在屋顶绿化盆钵容器中铺垫一层陶粒后,将混匀后的基质均匀铺撒在盆钵内,铺垫厚度为30cm,将基质耙平压实后,种植屋顶绿色植物。Naturally dry the sludge from the urban domestic sewage treatment plant, then place the dried sludge in a large muffle furnace, heat it up to 300°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, maintain the temperature for 4 hours, and wait for the biochar to cool Crush and sieve to prepare a sludge biochar product with an average diameter of about 3mm. In a roof greening project, according to the proportion by weight of 82% of sludge biochar, 1% of long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, 4% of water-retaining agent, and 13% of perlite, the raw materials are mixed evenly. After laying a layer of ceramsite in the roof greening pot container, evenly spread the mixed substrate in the pot with a thickness of 30cm. After raking and compacting the substrate, plant green roof plants.
应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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CN109197510A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-15 | 内蒙古中特水利科技有限责任公司 | Edible fungus bran cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
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CN112806229A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-18 | 江苏省安全生产科学研究院 | Runoff water quality improvement type vertical greening water retention matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN114946594A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽省通源环境节能股份有限公司 | Multifunctional garden culture medium and preparation method thereof |
CN118495516A (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-08-16 | 河北华勘资环勘测有限公司 | Sludge-based composite biochar, gel ball and preparation method and application thereof |
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