CN107162101B - Large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator based on venturi tube and cavitation method - Google Patents
Large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator based on venturi tube and cavitation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a venturi tube-based large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator and a hydrodynamic cavitation method, wherein the generator comprises: a cylindrical cavity; the fluid inlet pipes are uniformly arranged at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity; the annular pore plate is coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity; the fluid outlet pipe is arranged at the axial center of the cylindrical cavity; the venturi tube structure is arranged on the fluid outlet pipe, and the hydrodynamic cavitation method comprises the following steps: fluid enters a space between the annular pore plate and the outer wall surface of the cylindrical cavity along the fluid inlet pipe; the fluid passes through the annular orifice plate; after the fluid passes through the annular pore plate, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated, and cavitation fluid is converged and collided at the center of the cylindrical cavity to generate a strong cavitation phenomenon; the treated fluid enters the expansion section through the fluid outlet pipe, the pressure is gradually recovered along with the expansion of the flow channel, and cavitation bubbles collapse again along with the expansion of the flow channel to form micro-jet and shock waves, so that instantaneous local high temperature and instantaneous high pressure are generated. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the flux is large, and the cavitation efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical fluids, in particular to a large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator based on a venturi tube and a cavitation method.
Background
Cavitation refers to the process of formation, development and collapse of gas cavities within a liquid or at liquid-solid interfaces as the local pressure within the liquid decreases. When the liquid pressure drops to or below the liquid saturated vapor pressure, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated due to the vigorous vaporization of the liquid. Cavitation bubbles expand and grow along with the flow of the liquid. When the liquid pressure is recovered, cavitation bubbles collapse instantaneously to form micro jet flow and shock wave, and instantaneous local high temperature (1000-5000K) and instantaneous high pressure (1-5X 107 Pa) are produced. Cavitation can lead to performance reduction of hydraulic mechanical equipment, vibration, noise, cavitation damage and the like, but energy released by cavitation can also be utilized to strengthen chemical, physical and other processes, thereby achieving the effects of synergism, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like.
According to cavitation generation factors, the cavitation is generally classified into four types of acoustic cavitation, optical cavitation, particle cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation. Acoustic cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation are hot spots of academic and industrial interest in four modes due to the efficiency of cavitation generation and ease of engineering application. At present, acoustic cavitation only achieves better effect in a laboratory, but when the acoustic cavitation is applied to pilot scale or industrialization, the problems of uneven cavitation field, reduced cavitation efficiency, smaller flux, larger amplification difficulty and the like can occur.
Compared with ultrasonic cavitation, the hydraulic cavitation device is simple and low in cost, can generate a large-scale cavitation field, has great potential for industrial application, and is applied to the fields of sterilization, organic sewage and wastewater treatment, jet cleaning, chemical separation and the like.
Chinese patent 200410021098.5 discloses a sterilization device for generating cavitation through a porous orifice plate, which utilizes instant high temperature and high pressure generated when cavitation occurs to sterilize and disinfect liquid raw materials. Chinese patent 200410066214.5 discloses a vortex cavitation device for the technical field of chemical separation, which can carry out low-cost and high-efficiency demulsification treatment on water-containing emulsified oil or emulsified oil-containing wastewater under the conditions of lower temperature and no or little chemical demulsifier. Chinese patent 201120568210.2 discloses a hydrodynamic cavitation device for sewage and wastewater treatment, which is provided with a plurality of cavitation channels and has high cavitation efficiency. Ozone can be introduced into the cavitation cavity, and can be decomposed into hydroxyl free radicals with stronger oxidability under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions generated by the hydrodynamic cavitation effect, so that the cavitation efficiency is further improved. Catalysts TiO2 and gamma Al2O3 can be arranged in the device to generate more hydroxyl free radicals, so that the removal effect of organic matters in the sewage and wastewater is further enhanced.
Although the research on hydrodynamic cavitation is gradually in progress, the structure forms of the proposed cavitation device are increased, the cavitation intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation is smaller, the efficiency is lower, and the triggering or strengthening effect of certain physicochemical reactions is often insufficient. In addition, the cavitation reactor has small treatment capacity, and a plurality of devices are required to be connected in parallel or in series for large-scale treatment, so that the pipeline structure of the treatment system is huge and complex, and the industrial popularization and application are still difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the technical defects in the prior art, and provides a large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator based on a venturi tube, which has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and reliable operation, and is suitable for industrialized large-scale popularization and application.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a venturi-based high flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator comprising:
a cylindrical cavity having a cylindrical cavity;
the fluid inlet pipes are uniformly arranged at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity and are communicated with the cylindrical cavity;
the annular pore plate is coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity;
the fluid outlet pipe is arranged at the axial center of the cylindrical cavity and is communicated with the cylindrical cavity;
the venturi tube structure comprises an expansion section and a liquid outlet section, wherein the small-caliber end at the bottom end of the expansion section is connected to a fluid outlet tube, the large-caliber end at the top end of the expansion section is connected with the liquid outlet section, and the fluid outlet tube, the expansion section and the liquid outlet section are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the annular orifice plate is provided with one or more annular orifice plates, and the annular orifice plates are coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, the annular orifice plate includes I level annular orifice plate, the II level annular orifice plate that inside and outside set up, and the axis of I level annular orifice plate, II level annular orifice plate is located the axis of cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, the fluid inlet pipe is arranged in the axial direction or the normal direction of the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, the fluid outlet pipe is located at the upper end or at the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, the cross section of the fluid outlet pipe is rectangular or circular, and the cross section of the fluid inlet pipe is rectangular or circular.
Preferably, the annular pore plate is bonded or welded on the upper and lower inner walls of the circular cavity in a seamless manner, the aperture ratio of the annular pore plate is 20% -70%, and the aperture shape of the annular pore plate is circular, triangular, elliptic, square or diamond.
Preferably, a cavitation enhancement module is arranged at the center of the cylindrical cavity, the surface of the cavitation enhancement module is smooth curved, and the sectional area is gradually increased from the edge to the center.
Preferably, the diameter of the cavitation-enhancing module is 0.5-1.2 times the diameter of the fluid outlet tube, and the height of the cavitation-enhancing module (6) is 0.45-0.85 times the height of the cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, the cavitation enhancing module is ellipsoidal or wing-shaped.
The invention also includes a hydrodynamic cavitation method comprising the steps of:
s1, fluid enters a space between an annular pore plate and the outer wall surface of a cylindrical cavity along a fluid inlet pipe, and the fluid is buffered in the space, so that turbulence non-uniformity is reduced;
s2, when the fluid passes through the annular orifice plate, the flow speed is increased and the hydrostatic pressure is reduced due to the throttling effect of the orifice plate, when the pressure reaches or even is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid at the temperature, the fluid starts to gasify to generate bubbles, the gas dissolved in the fluid is also separated out in the form of bubbles, and the bubbles gradually expand and grow after being generated and collapse when reaching the pressure recovery zone of the fluid;
s3, after the fluid passes through the annular pore plate, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated, cavitation fluid is converged and collided at the center of the cylindrical cavity to generate strong cavitation, the fluid repeatedly generates strong bubble generation, expansion and collapse processes at the center of the cylindrical cavity, the fluid collides with the cavitation enhancement module to promote collapse of the cavitation bubbles, and in addition, when the fluid flows through the section of the cavitation enhancement module, the fluid boundary layer separation can occur due to the section form, and wake cavitation bubbles can also be generated.
S4, the treated fluid is discharged through the fluid outlet pipe (2) and enters the expansion section (7), the pressure is gradually recovered along with the expansion of the flow channel, cavitation bubbles collapse again along with the expansion of the flow channel, micro-jet and shock waves are formed, and instantaneous local high temperature and instantaneous high pressure are generated.
Preferably, the annular pore plates are provided with multiple stages, and in the step S2, the fluid repeatedly performs cavitation process of the fluid between the multiple stages of pore plates, the fluid continuously generates cavitation bubbles and collapses, and strong collision, extrusion and shearing actions are generated between the fluid and the annular pore plates, so that intense jet flow and pressure wave are formed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device has the advantages of simple structure, high treatment flux, low manufacturing cost and high cavitation efficiency, and is suitable for industrial large-scale application.
2. Due to the large treatment flux, the water treatment system using the device can reduce the installation of parallel pipelines, reduce the scale and complexity of the pipeline system, reduce the occupied area and reduce the input cost.
3. The space between the annular pore plate and the peripheral wall surface of the circular cavity can play a role in buffering fluid, so that the turbulence non-uniformity of the fluid is reduced;
4. in a tangential inlet form, the fluid forms rotational flow in the circular cavity, so that the pressure distribution in the cavity gradually decreases along the radius to the center, and cavitation is more facilitated;
5. the multistage annular pore plate can enhance cavitation treatment of fluid, improve cavitation efficiency and improve energy utilization rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a transverse cross-section (tangential inlet) of example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1 '-fluid inlet pipe, a 2' -fluid outlet pipe, a 3 '-circular cavity, a 4' -I-stage annular orifice plate, a 5 '-II-stage annular orifice plate and a 6' -cavitation enhancement module.
Fig. 2 shows a transverse cross-section (normal inlet) of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view (normal inlet, one fluid outlet tube) of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross-section of example 2 of the present invention (normal inlet, two fluid outlet pipes).
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-fluid inlet pipe, a 2-fluid outlet pipe, a 3-circular cavity, a 4-I annular orifice plate, a 5-II annular orifice plate, a 6-cavitation enhancement module, a 7-expansion section and an 8-liquid outlet section.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a venturi-based high-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator comprises a fluid inlet pipe (1 '), a fluid outlet pipe (2'), a cylindrical cavity (3 '), an annular orifice plate (including a class i annular orifice plate (4'), a class ii annular orifice plate (5 '), etc.), and a cavitation enhancing module (6').
The annular pore plates (4 ') and (5 ') of the level I and the annular pore plates (5 ') of the level II are coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity (3 '), a cavitation enhancement module (6 ') is arranged at the central position of the cylindrical cavity (3 '), two fluid inlet pipes (1 ') communicated with the cylindrical cavity (3 ') are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the cylindrical cavity (3 '), the two fluid inlet pipes (1 ') are arranged in the tangential direction of the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity (3 '), and the fluid outlet pipes (2 ') are coaxially arranged at the top end or the upper end and the lower end of the central position of the cylindrical cavity (3 ').
The venturi tube structure comprises an expansion section (7 ') and a liquid outlet section (8 '), wherein a small-caliber end at the bottom end of the expansion section (7 ') is connected to a fluid outlet tube (2 '), a large-caliber end at the top end of the expansion section (7 ') is connected with the liquid outlet section (8 '), and the fluid outlet tube (2 '), the expansion section (7 ') and the liquid outlet section (8 ') are coaxially arranged.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2-4, a venturi-based large-flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator comprises a fluid inlet pipe (1), a fluid outlet pipe (2), a cylindrical cavity (3), an annular orifice plate (comprising a class I annular orifice plate (4), a class ii annular orifice plate (5) and the like) and a cavitation enhancing module (6).
The I-stage annular orifice plate (4) and the II-stage annular orifice plate (5) are coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity (3), a cavitation enhancement module (6) is arranged at the central position of the cylindrical cavity (3), three fluid inlet pipes (1) are uniformly arranged in the normal direction of the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity (3), and the fluid outlet pipes (2) are coaxially arranged at the upper end or the upper end and the lower end of the central position of the cylindrical cavity (3).
The venturi tube structure comprises an expansion section (7) and a liquid outlet section (8), wherein a small-caliber end at the bottom end of the expansion section (7) is connected to a fluid outlet tube (2), a large-caliber end at the top end of the expansion section (7) is connected with the liquid outlet section (8), and the fluid outlet tube (2), the expansion section (7) and the liquid outlet section (8) are coaxially arranged.
Fluid enters a space between the I-stage annular orifice plate (4) and the outer wall surface of the cylindrical cavity (3) along the fluid inlet pipe (1), and the fluid is buffered in the space, so that turbulence non-uniformity is reduced, and cavitation is generated by fully utilizing the annular orifice plate. When the fluid passes through the I-stage annular orifice plate (4), the flow speed is increased and the hydrostatic pressure is reduced due to the throttling effect of the orifice plate, and when the pressure reaches or is even lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid at the temperature, the fluid starts to gasify to generate bubbles, and the gas dissolved in the fluid is separated out in the form of bubbles. After the bubble is generated, the bubble gradually expands and grows, and the bubble collapses when reaching the fluid pressure recovery zone.
Then enters a II-stage annular orifice plate, and the cavitation process of the fluid is repeated. Between the multi-stage orifice plates, the fluid continuously generates cavitation bubbles and collapses, and strong collision, extrusion and shearing actions are generated between the fluid and the annular orifice plates, so that intense jet flow and pressure wave are formed. The cavitation phenomenon can occur for many times through the action of the multi-stage annular pore plate, so that the cavitation effect of the fluid is improved, and the cavitation intensity and the cavitation efficiency are improved. When cavitation is difficult to occur in a common device due to physical property reasons, the fluid is treated by the multi-stage annular pore plate in the device, so that the gasification pressure is more easily reached, and the cavitation occurs.
After the fluid passes through the annular pore plate of the last stage, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated, and the cavitation fluid is converged and collided at the center of the cylindrical cavity (3) and is collided with the cavitation enhancement module (6) at the same time, so that the collapse of the cavitation bubbles is promoted. In addition, when the fluid flows through the cross section of the cavitation enhancement module (6), wake cavitation bubbles can also be generated due to the separation of the fluid boundary layer which can occur in the form of the cross section. Therefore, due to the combined action of the multi-stage annular pore plate and the cavitation enhancement module (6), a strong cavitation phenomenon is formed at the center of the cylindrical cavity (3), and the fluid repeatedly generates a strong bubble generation, expansion and collapse process, so that the cavitation effect is further enhanced.
The treated fluid is discharged through the fluid outlet pipe (2) and enters the expansion section, the pressure is gradually recovered along with the expansion of the flow channel, cavitation bubbles collapse again along with the expansion of the flow channel, micro-jet flow and shock wave are formed, and instantaneous local high temperature and instantaneous high pressure are generated.
In the tangential inlet form, the fluid forms strong rotational flow in the cylindrical cavity (3), the pressure is reduced from outside to inside, and cavitation is more facilitated. In addition, the rotating fluid can enhance the shearing action of cavitation and improve the cavitation efficiency when the rotating fluid acts with the multi-stage annular orifice plate.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A venturi-based high flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator, comprising:
a cylindrical cavity (3) is arranged in the cylindrical cavity;
the fluid inlet pipes (1) are uniformly arranged at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity (3) and are communicated with the cylindrical cavity (3); the fluid inlet pipe (1) is arranged in the tangential direction or the normal direction of the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity (3);
the annular pore plate is coaxially arranged in the cylindrical cavity (3);
the fluid outlet pipe (2) is arranged at the axial center position of the cylindrical cavity (3) and is communicated with the cylindrical cavity (3);
the venturi tube structure comprises an expansion section (7) and a liquid outlet section (8), wherein a small-caliber end at the bottom end of the expansion section (7) is connected to a fluid outlet tube (2), a large-caliber end at the top end of the expansion section (7) is connected with the liquid outlet section (8), and the fluid outlet tube (2), the expansion section (7) and the liquid outlet section (8) are coaxially arranged;
the center of the cylindrical cavity (3) is provided with a cavitation enhancement module (6), the surface of the cavitation enhancement module (6) is smooth curved, and the sectional area is gradually increased from the edge to the center;
the annular pore plate is bonded or welded on the upper and lower inner walls of the circular cavity in a seamless manner, the aperture ratio of the annular pore plate is 20% -70%, and the aperture shape of the annular pore plate is circular, triangular, elliptic, square or diamond;
the diameter of the cavitation enhancement module (6) is 0.5-1.2 times of the diameter of the fluid outlet pipe (2), and the height of the cavitation enhancement module (6) is 0.45-0.85 times of the height of the cylindrical cavity (3);
the cavitation enhancement module is ellipsoidal.
2. A venturi-based high flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator according to claim 1 wherein: the annular pore plate is provided with one or more than one, and is arranged in the cylindrical cavity (3) in a coaxial manner.
3. A venturi-based high flux hydrodynamic cavitation generator according to claim 1 wherein: the fluid outlet pipe (2) is positioned at the upper end or the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical cavity (3).
4. A hydrodynamic cavitation method of a hydrodynamic cavitation generator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling fluid to enter a space between an annular pore plate and the outer wall surface of a cylindrical cavity (3) along a fluid inlet pipe (1), and reducing turbulence non-uniformity;
s2, enabling the fluid to pass through an annular pore plate, wherein the pore plate has a throttling effect, gas dissolved in the fluid is separated out in a bubble form, and the bubbles gradually expand, grow and collapse after being generated;
s3, after the fluid passes through the annular pore plate, a large number of cavitation bubbles are generated, cavitation fluid is converged and collided at the center of the cylindrical cavity to generate a strong cavitation phenomenon, and when the fluid flows through the cavitation enhancement module (6) at the center of the cylindrical cavity, collapse of the cavitation bubbles is promoted, and wake flow cavitation bubbles are generated;
s4, discharging the treated fluid into an expansion section through a fluid outlet pipe, gradually recovering the pressure along with the expansion of the flow channel, and collapsing cavitation bubbles again along with the expansion of the flow channel to form micro-jet and shock waves, so that instantaneous local high temperature and instantaneous high pressure are generated.
5. A hydrodynamic cavitation method as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the annular orifice plates are arranged in multiple stages, and in S2, the cavitation process is repeatedly carried out on the fluid between the multiple stages of annular orifice plates.
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| CN108178233A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 徐长利 | A kind of liquid medium cavitation generating means |
| CN108036923B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2024-02-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Design method of convergence-divergence type laminar flow state cavitation test device |
| CN109534442B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2021-08-03 | 江苏大学 | An angular multistage cavitation generator |
| CN109493988B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2024-06-14 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Nuclear biochemical decontamination waste liquid pretreatment device and treatment method |
| CN111701547A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Reverse Arc Hedge Cavitation |
| CN112811483B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-11-04 | 江苏大学 | A green and environmentally friendly sewage treatment device |
| CN114105381B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-12-26 | 徐州沃力能源科技有限公司 | Collision type uniform cavitation sewage treatment device and method thereof |
| CN114432966A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-06 | 中印恒盛(北京)贸易有限公司 | Method and device for generating hydrodynamic cavitation by utilizing kinetic energy of liquid flow |
| CN114800060B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-23 | 广东技术师范大学 | Chemical magnetorheological polishing device and method based on vortex cavitation |
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| US6221260B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2001-04-24 | Dynaflow, Inc. | Swirling fluid jet cavitation method and system for efficient decontamination of liquids |
| JP3817545B2 (en) * | 2003-12-03 | 2006-09-06 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | Organic particle atomizer |
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