CN107145104A - Inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system and its measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an inland river ship load measuring system and a measuring method thereof. It belongs to the technical field of load measurement of inland ships. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing load measurement of ships, and aiming at the characteristics of narrow river surface, fixed waterway and small change of river flow velocity in inland rivers, the invention measures the ship's driving track, ship's driving speed and ship's power consumption. The measurement system and its measurement method for obtaining the current ship load by means of oil quantity, the method has a simple structure and is easy to install, and can overcome the defect that sensors cannot be installed on the periphery of the ship in the prior art. It includes a fuel consumption sensor, a speed sensor, a wireless module, a satellite positioning module, a microcontroller, a display, a memory and a timer respectively arranged on the ship, and also includes a host computer server arranged in the port and shipping management center; the fuel consumption sensor, the speed The sensor, the wireless module, the satellite positioning module, the display, the memory and the timer are respectively connected with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is wirelessly connected with the upper computer server through the wireless module.

Description

Inland waterway ship load measuring system and its measuring method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of load measurement of inland ships, in particular to a load measurement system and a measurement method for inland ships.

Background technique

The traditional ship load measurement is estimated based on the ship (waterline) load mark line and the ship load experience coefficient. After measuring the draft, the displacement and load capacity of the ship at that time can be obtained by consulting the relevant ship curves and calculations. Currently commonly used load measurement includes manual observation, ultrasonic measurement, pressure measurement, electronic water gauge, laser water level gauge, image processing technology, etc.

Manual observation is to rely on long-term trained observers to obtain the actual draft of the ship by observing the water gauge mark of the ship, and to carry out manual observation, manual recording and manual comparison. The advantage of this load measurement method is that it is simple and convenient, and does not require additional measuring equipment. The disadvantage is that the observation is often subjective and has large errors.

Ultrasonic load measurement is based on the principle of ultrasonic ranging, and measures the draft of the ship based on the side deck of the hull. The ultrasonic sensor is suspended on the side of the hull through a measuring bracket. By measuring the return time of the ultrasonic echo, according to the local sound speed at that time, the measured Calculate the draft value based on parameters such as the distance from the main deck of the hull to the water surface, and search the ship's load data file to obtain the ship's load. The accuracy of ultrasonic measurement is affected by many factors, but the error of the sound velocity directly affects the accuracy of the measurement, and the sound velocity is related to the density of the medium, and the air density in the air is greatly affected by the temperature. In addition, the sensor is difficult to install in a suitable place on the ship, and it is difficult to promote it.

The change of water depth can be reflected by the change of water pressure. Using this characteristic, a pressure sensor is installed at the position of the ship’s unloaded waterline. When the ship is loaded with cargo, the draft becomes deeper. According to the value obtained by the pressure sensor, after conversion, The draft of the ship can be obtained. The advantage of this method is that it can measure the weight of the ship online and in real time. Its accuracy is relatively high, but its operability is poor. The hulls are all steel plate structures, and the sensors are not allowed to be welded on the hull or the side of the ship. Therefore, although this method can measure accurately, it cannot be extended to inland ships.

The basic working principle of the electronic water gauge is to use the conductivity of water and adopt a method similar to that of manually observing the water level. It reads the conductance of each sensing contact or probe in turn from top to bottom. At the position where the contact between the probe and the water surface is detected, the conductance between the probes will increase abruptly to determine the water level value. The patent document "A Load Measuring Device for Inland Waterships" is designed based on this method. Since the electronic measuring parts of the electronic water gauge are in direct contact with the water body, they are easily damaged by the external environment, and the electronic circuit should not be arranged. Therefore, electronic water gauges are rarely used on ships.

The measurement principle of the laser water level gauge is similar to that of ultrasonic measurement. Using the invariance of the speed of light, the water level information at that time can be indirectly obtained by measuring the round-trip time of the laser beam. The documents "Development of Handheld Intelligent Ship Draft and Load Measuring Instrument" and "A New Type of Intelligent Ship Water Gauge Detector" are designed using laser technology. Although the directivity of the laser is more concentrated than that of the ultrasonic wave, it is easily affected by floating objects on the water surface. At the same time, the intensity of the laser reflection is greatly affected by the reflection interface and the condition of the air medium. If it is used continuously, it is difficult to eliminate the influence. Moreover, the laser sensor It also cannot be mounted on the ship's side, so it is suitable for hand-held temporary use.

Image processing is used to automatically measure the scale of the ship's water gauge, and the analysis of the video image of the water gauge is called an image measurement method. The scale characters on the ship’s side can be read and identified automatically by the computer, so that the water scale scale and the position of the waterline during the entire observation period can be completely recorded, making subsequent data processing possible. The documents "Application of Image Processing Technology in Ship Draft Automatic Detection System" and "Research on Detection Method of Ship Water Gauge Draft Value" are an electronic water gauge designed based on image processing. The data acquisition image sensor used in this method can be installed in a large range, such as the top of the cockpit of a ship. However, in inland rivers, many channel gates limit the height of ships. Inland river ships often temporarily remove the cockpit in order to reach the height limit. , such repeated actions will inevitably affect the measurement accuracy of the sensor. In theory, the measurement system needs to be recalibrated. Therefore, the load measurement method based on image processing cannot be applied to inland ships.

For the above-mentioned load measurement method, the manual observation method cannot realize online measurement, and various sensors are used to directly measure the load. In practical applications, it is impossible to find the location for installing the sensor on the periphery of the ship in the inland river, resulting in the inability to realize the measurement of the load.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the shortcomings of the existing ship load measurement, aiming at the characteristics of narrow river surface, fixed waterway and small change of river flow velocity in inland rivers, the current ship load is obtained by measuring the ship's driving track, ship's driving speed and ship's fuel consumption The measurement system and the measurement method thereof, the method has a simple structure and is convenient to install, and can overcome the defect that sensors cannot be installed on the periphery of the ship in the prior art.

The above technical problems are solved through the following technical solutions:

The load measurement system for inland ships includes fuel consumption sensors, speed sensors, wireless modules, satellite positioning modules, microcontrollers, displays, memory and timers respectively installed on ships, as well as host computer servers installed in port and shipping management centers; The fuel consumption sensor, rotational speed sensor, wireless module, satellite positioning module, display, memory and timer are respectively connected to a microcontroller, and the microcontroller is wirelessly connected to an upper computer server through a wireless module.

A measuring method applicable to the load measuring system of inland ships, the measuring process of the measuring method is as follows:

Pre-store the correction coefficient H of the forward and reverse waterway in the location area of the measured inland waterway in the host computer server;

The ship model of the current ship, the ship's own weight M and the calibrated deadweight W _i corresponding to several calibrated drafts T _i are stored in the memory in advance;

The speed sensor measures the engine speed n. When the speed n is not zero, the microcontroller obtains the ship's position information every minute through the satellite positioning module, and then calculates the mileage of the ship according to the ship's track point;

The microcontroller determines the ship's navigation direction and position according to the ship's navigation track in the channel, and then sends the navigation direction and position information to the host computer server through the wireless module. The upstream and downstream correction coefficients of the channel at this point are sent to the microcontroller.

Under the control of the microcontroller, the mileage of the ship is measured by the satellite positioning module as E, the travel time is obtained by the timer as t, the average speed V of the ship is obtained through E/t, and the ship's travel is measured by the fuel consumption sensor The fuel consumption in L;

Calculate the current draft T of the ship through the draft formula of the ship. The microcontroller first determines the interval T _i-1 and T _i+1 range of the calibration data stored in the memory for the current draft T, and then according to T _i-1 , the linear correspondence between T _i+1 and W _i-1 , W _i+1 , the current draft T is substituted into the linear line in this interval for calculation, and the load capacity is obtained, which is displayed on the display; and the calculated The ship's load capacity is uploaded to the host computer server.

The invention has simple structure and convenient installation, and can overcome the defect that sensors cannot be installed on the periphery of ships in the prior art. It can not only allow the ship operator to grasp the current load capacity of the ship, but also allow the ship management personnel to grasp the load capacity of the ship in real time, which brings convenience to the management of the ship.

Preferably, the fuel consumption sensor is installed in the oil inlet pipeline of the marine engine.

Preferably, the rotational speed sensor is installed at the rotational speed measurement position of the ship's engine.

Preferably, the satellite positioning module is a GPS module.

As a preference, the amount of fuel oil consumed by the ship in a certain period of time is L, and the energy transferred to the ship engine can be expressed as:

Q＝k ₁ *L (1)

k ₁ =4.18 ρ _{diesel oil} *c*η _{diesel oil} is the energy conversion coefficient, ρ _diesel oil is the density of diesel oil, c is the heat capacity of diesel oil, η _{diesel oil} is the conversion efficiency of diesel oil combustion, it can be seen that ρ _{diesel oil} , c, and η _{diesel oil} are all constants;

According to the principle of energy conversion and transmission, considering the conversion efficiency of the engine, the transmission efficiency of the transmission mechanism, and the upstream and downstream factors of the inland waterway, the energy consumed by diesel oil is converted to the effective power of the ship engine as follows:

P _e = (k ₁ *L* _ηengine * _{ηtransmission} *H)/t (2)

Among them, t is the travel time of the ship in the measurement section, ηengine is the conversion efficiency of the _engine , ηtransmission is the _transmission efficiency of the ship transmission mechanism, and H is the correction coefficient of the forward and reverse flow of the channel.

And because the relationship between the effective power of the main engine of the ship and the displacement and speed of the ship is shown in the following formula:

P _e ＝(Δ ^2/3 *V ³ )/C _e (3)

Among them, Δ is the displacement of the ship, V is the speed of the ship, and Ce is the naval constant of the ship;

From equations (2) and (3), the relationship between diesel consumption, displacement and speed of ships can be obtained:

(L/t)*k ₁ * _ηengine * _{ηtransmission} *H*C _e =Δ ^2/3 *V ³ (4)

For ships that have been designed and shipped, k ₁ , η _engine , η _transmission , and C _e in formula (4) are all constants, and H is also a constant during the measurement time, so k ₂ = η _engine * η _transmission * C _e *H, then:

(L/t)*k ₁ *k ₂ ＝Δ ^2/3 *V ^3. (5)

According to the principle of the ship, the relationship between the displacement of the ship and the draft is:

Δ=ρ*C _b *LL _bp *B*T (6)

Among them, ρ is the density of water, C _b is the square coefficient of the ship, LL _bp is the length between vertical lines of the ship, B is the width of the ship, and T is the draft; after the ship is shaped, ρ, C _b , LL _bp and B are constant, let k ₃ =ρ*C _b *LL _bp *B;

According to formulas (5) and (6), the current draft formula of the ship can be obtained as:

T ^2/3 ＝(L*k ₁ *k ₂ )/(t*k ₃ ^2/3 *V ³ ) (7)

It can be seen that the draft T of the ship can be obtained by formula (7) by obtaining the time t spent in the ship's driving process, the fuel consumption L during the driving process, the ship's driving speed V, and the relevant constants after the ship is finalized.

Preferably, if the current draft T of the ship falls between certain two calibration drafts T _i-1 and T _i+1 pre-stored in the memory;

Then set the calibrated draft T _i-1 and the load W _{i- 1 corresponding to the calibrated draft T i-1} as a point A on the two-dimensional plane, that is, point A(T _i-1 , W _{i -1} ); Set the calibrated draft T _i+1 and the load W _{i+ 1 corresponding to the calibrated draft T i+1} as another point B on the two-dimensional plane, that is, point B(T _{i+ 1} , W _i+1 );

Use the two points A(T _i-1 , W _i-1 ) and B(T _i+1 , W _i+1 ) to find the line segment AB; suppose the slope of the line segment AB is K and the intercept is b, and Substituting the current draft T of the ship into the straight line W=K*T+b, the current load W of the ship can be obtained.

The present invention can achieve following effect:

The invention has simple structure and convenient installation, and can overcome the defect that sensors cannot be installed on the periphery of ships in the prior art. It can not only allow the ship operator to grasp the current load capacity of the ship, but also allow the ship management personnel to grasp the load capacity of the ship in real time, which brings convenience to the management of the ship.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit principle connection structure of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment, the load measuring system of an inland ship, as shown in Fig. 1, includes a fuel consumption sensor 1, a rotational speed sensor 2, a wireless module 3, a satellite positioning module 4, a microcontroller 5, a display 6, a memory 7 and The timer 8 also includes an upper computer server 9 arranged at the port and shipping management center; the fuel consumption sensor, the rotational speed sensor, the wireless module, the satellite positioning module, the display, the memory and the timer are respectively connected with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller The controller is wirelessly connected to the host computer server through a wireless module.

A measuring method applicable to the load measuring system of inland ships, the measuring process of the measuring method is as follows:

Pre-store the correction coefficient H of the forward and reverse waterway in the location area of the measured inland waterway in the host computer server;

The ship model of the current ship, the ship's own weight M and the calibrated deadweight W _i corresponding to several calibrated drafts T _i are stored in the memory in advance;

The speed sensor measures the engine speed n. When the speed n is not zero, the microcontroller obtains the ship's position information every minute through the satellite positioning module, and then calculates the mileage of the ship according to the ship's track point;

The microcontroller determines the ship's navigation direction and position according to the ship's navigation track in the channel, and then sends the navigation direction and position information to the host computer server through the wireless module. The upstream and downstream correction coefficients of the channel at this point are sent to the microcontroller.

Under the control of the microcontroller, the mileage of the ship is measured by the satellite positioning module as E, the travel time is obtained by the timer as t, the average speed V of the ship is obtained through E/t, and the ship's travel is measured by the fuel consumption sensor The fuel consumption in L;

Calculate the current draft T of the ship through the draft formula of the ship. The microcontroller first determines the interval T _i-1 and T _i+1 range of the calibration data stored in the memory for the current draft T, and then according to T _i-1 , the linear correspondence between T _i+1 and W _i-1 , W _i+1 , the current draft T is substituted into the linear line in this interval for calculation, and the load capacity is obtained, which is displayed on the display; and the calculated The ship's load capacity is uploaded to the host computer server.

The amount of fuel oil consumed by the ship in a certain period of time is L, and the energy transferred to the ship engine can be expressed as:

Q＝k ₁ *L (8)

k ₁ =4.18 ρ _{diesel oil} *c*η _{diesel oil} is the energy conversion coefficient, ρ _diesel oil is the density of diesel oil, c is the heat capacity of diesel oil, η _{diesel oil} is the conversion efficiency of diesel oil combustion, it can be seen that ρ _{diesel oil} , c, and η _{diesel oil} are all constants;

According to the principle of energy conversion and transmission, considering the conversion efficiency of the engine, the transmission efficiency of the transmission mechanism, and the upstream and downstream factors of the inland waterway, the energy consumed by diesel oil is converted to the effective power of the ship engine as follows:

P _e =(k ₁ *L* _ηengine * _{ηtransmission} *H)/t (9)

Among them, t is the time it takes for the ship to pass through the measured river section, ηengine is the conversion efficiency of the _engine , ηtransmission is the _transmission efficiency of the ship transmission mechanism, and H is the correction coefficient for the forward and reverse flow of the channel.

And because the relationship between the effective power of the main engine of the ship and the displacement and speed of the ship is shown in the following formula:

P _e ＝(Δ ^2/3 *V ³ )/C _e (10)

Among them, Δ is the displacement of the ship, V is the speed of the ship, and Ce is the naval constant of the ship;

From equations (9) and (10), the relationship between diesel consumption, displacement and speed of ships can be obtained:

(L/t)*k ₁ * _ηengine * _{ηtransmission} *H*C _e =Δ ^2/3 *V ³ (11)

For ships that have been designed and shipped, k ₁ , η _engine , η _transmission , and C _e in formula (11) are all constants, and H is also a constant during the measurement time, so k ₂ = η _engine * η _transmission * C _e *H, then:

(L/t)*k ₁ *k ₂ =Δ ^2/3 *V ³ (12)

According to the principle of the ship, the relationship between the displacement of the ship and the draft is:

Δ=ρ*C _b *LL _bp *B*T (13)

Among them, ρ is the density of water, C _b is the square coefficient of the ship, LL _bp is the length between vertical lines of the ship, B is the width of the ship, and T is the draft; after the ship is shaped, ρ, C _b , LL _bp and B are constant, let k ₃ =ρ*C _b *LL _bp *B;

According to formulas (12) and (13), the current draft formula of the ship can be obtained as:

T ^2/3 ＝(L*k ₁ *k ₂ )/(t*k ₃ ^2/3 *V ³ ) (14)

It can be seen that the draft T of the ship can be obtained by formula (14) by obtaining the time t spent in the ship's driving process, the fuel consumption L during the driving process, the ship's driving speed V, and the relevant constants after the ship is finalized.

If the current draft T of the ship falls between certain two calibration drafts T _i-1 and T _i+1 stored in the memory in advance;

Then set the calibrated draft T _i-1 and the load W _{i- 1 corresponding to the calibrated draft T i-1} as a point A on the two-dimensional plane, that is, point A(T _i-1 , W _{i -1} ); Set the calibrated draft T _i+1 and the load W _{i+ 1 corresponding to the calibrated draft T i+1} as another point B on the two-dimensional plane, that is, point B(T _{i+ 1} , W _i+1 );

Use the two points A(T _i-1 , W _i-1 ) and B(T _i+1 , W _i+1 ) to find the line segment AB; suppose the slope of the line segment AB is K and the intercept is b, and Substituting the current draft T of the ship into the straight line W=K*T+b, the current load W of the ship can be obtained.

The embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the implementation is not limited by the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system, it is characterised in that oil consumption sensor, rotating speed including being separately positioned on ship are passed Sensor, wireless module, satellite positioning module, microcontroller, display, memory and timer, in addition to it is arranged on port boat The host computer server of administrative center；The oil consumption sensor, speed probe, wireless module, satellite positioning module, display Device, memory and timer are connected with microcontroller respectively, the microcontroller by wireless module and host computer server without Line is connected.

2. inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the oil consumption sensor is arranged on In the inflow pipeline of engine of boat and ship, the speed probe is arranged on the tachometric survey position at engine of boat and ship.

3. inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the satellite positioning module is GPS module.

4. the measuring method of a kind of inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system suitable for described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described The measurement process of measuring method is as follows：

The navigation channel concurrent-countercurrent correction factor H of the tested cruiseway band of position is stored in host computer server in advance；

Ship model, ship deadweight M and several demarcation drafts T of the advance current ship that is stored with memory_iDivide Not corresponding demarcation loading capacity W_i；

Speed probe measures engine speed n, and when rotating speed n is not zero, microcontroller is by satellite positioning module every 1 point Clock obtains vessel position information, the mileage then travelled according to the tracing point Ship ' of ship；

Microcontroller, in the ship trajectory in navigation channel, determines direction of ship travel and position according to ship, then will navigation direction and Positional information is sent to host computer server by wireless module, host computer server according to acquired shipping information, The concurrent-countercurrent correction factor H for prestoring the navigation channel in the server is sent to microcontroller；

Under the control of the micro-controller, the distance travelled for measuring ship by satellite positioning module is E, is obtained and gone by timer The time is sailed for t, the average speed V in ship running is obtained by E/t, the oil consumption in ship running is measured by oil consumption sensor Measure L；

The current draft T of ship is calculated by the draft formula of ship, microcontroller first determines that current drinking water is deep The interval T for the nominal data that degree T is stored in memory_i-1, T_i+1Scope, then according to T_i-1, T_i+1With W_i-1, W_i+1It is linear right It should be related to, current draft T is substituted into the interval linear line is calculated, and is drawn loading capacity, is shown in the display； And upload to the deadweight of vessel calculated in host computer server by wireless module.

5. the measuring method of inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that

The amount of fuel that ship is consumed in certain time is L, and its energy for being delivered to engine of boat and ship is represented by：

Q=k₁*L (1)

k₁=4.18 ρ_{Diesel oil}*c*η_{Diesel oil}For energy conversion factor, ρ_{Diesel oil}For the density of diesel oil, c is the thermal capacity of diesel oil, η_{Diesel oil}For diesel oil The conversion efficiency of burning, it is seen that ρ_{Diesel oil}、c、η_{Diesel oil}It is constant；

According to energy conversion and transfer principle, it is considered to the conversion efficiency of engine and the transmission efficiency of transmission mechanism, inland river boat The concurrent-countercurrent factor in road, the energy conversion that diesel oil is consumed is to the effective power of engine of boat and ship：

P_e=(k₁*L*η_Engine*η_Transmission*H)/t (2)

Wherein, t is the ship running time of measuring section, η_EngineFor engine conversion efficiency, η_TransmissionTransmit and imitate for marine drive mechanism Rate, H is navigation channel concurrent-countercurrent correction factor.

Again because the main frame effective power and the relation of vessel displacement and the speed of a ship or plane of ship are shown below：

P_e=(Δ^2/3*V³)/C_e (3)

Wherein, Δ is the displacement of ship, and V is ship speed, and Ce is the Admiralty constant of ship；

The relation of marine diesel consumption and displacement and the speed of a ship or plane can be obtained by formula (2), (3), is obtained：

(L/t)*k₁*η_Engine*η_Transmission*H*C_e=Δ^2/3*V³ (4)

K in ship for having been devised by factory, formula (4)₁、η_Engine、η_TransmissionAnd C_eIt is constant, H is in time of measuring For constant, therefore make k₂=η_Engine*η_Transmission*C_e* H, then obtain：

(L/t)*k₁*k₂=Δ^2/3*V³ (5)

It is according to principle of naval architecture, the displacement of ship and the relation of draft again：

Δ=ρ * C_b*LL_bp*B*T (6)

Wherein, ρ is the density of water, C_bFor the Block Coefficient of ship, LL_bpFor between perpendicular, B is ship molded breadth, and T is drinking water Depth；After ship sizing, ρ, C_b、LL_bp, B be constant, if k₃=ρ * C_b*L_bp*B；

It is according to the current draft T that formula (5), (6) can obtain ship：

T^2/3=(L*k₁*k₂)/(t*k₃ ^2/3*V³) (7)

It can be seen that, obtain ship running process spent duration t, traveling during fuel consumption L, ship running speed of a ship or plane V and Dependent constant after ship sizing, you can the draft T of ship is obtained by formula (7).

6. the measuring method of inland navigation craft load-carrying measuring system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that

If the current draft T of ship, which falls, is prestoring in memory certain two demarcation draft T_i-1And T_i+1 Between；

Then will demarcation draft T_i-1With with demarcation draft T_i-1Corresponding loading capacity W_i-1It is set as on two dimensional surface One point A, i.e. point A (T_i-1, W_i-1)；Will demarcation draft T_i+1With with demarcation draft T_i+1Corresponding loading capacity W_i+1 It is set as another point B on two dimensional surface, i.e. point B (T_i+1, W_i+1)；

Utilize point A (T_i-1, W_i-1) and B (T_i+1, W_i+1) this 2 points ask for line segment AB；If it is b that line segment AB slope, which is K, intercept, The current draft T of ship is substituted into straight line W=K*T+b, you can obtain the live load amount W of ship.