CN107135396B - Motion estimation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
According to the motion estimation method and device provided by the invention, aiming at the condition that the corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in the reference Hadamard image in the reference Hadamard block of the reference block, the Hadamard transform blocks corresponding to the sub block and the reference block are directly subtracted and then the absolute sum is obtained to obtain the corresponding Hadamard transform matching cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of video image processing technologies, and in particular, to a motion estimation method and apparatus.
Background
The motion estimation algorithm is one of the core algorithms of video compression coding. High quality motion estimation algorithms are a prerequisite and basis for efficient video coding. The basic idea of motion estimation is to divide each frame of an image sequence into a plurality of non-overlapping sub-blocks, then find out the block most similar to the current block, i.e. the matching block, from the reference frame according to a certain matching criterion for each block in the current frame, the relative displacement between the matching block and the current block is the motion vector, and the process of obtaining the motion vector is called motion estimation. When the video is compressed, the current block can be completely restored only by storing the motion vector and the residual data.
Existing matching criteria include SAD, HAD, etc., and SAD matching criteria are defined as follows:
in the above formula, fc(i, j) represents a pixel of the current block, fr(i, j) denotes a pixel of the reference block, (i, j) denotes a pixel coordinate, and (m, N) denotes a displacement of the reference block with respect to the current block, and (m, N) that minimizes SAD (m, N) is an optimal motion vector, and the block size is N × N.
If the HAD matching criterion is a 4 x 4 scale, firstly, making a difference between the pixel value corresponding to each pixel point in the current block and the pixel value corresponding to each pixel point in the reference block to obtain a residual block; dividing the residual block into 4 × 4 blocks which are not overlapped with each other, and calculating the Hadamard cost of each 4 × 4 block, wherein the Hadamard cost is the sum of the absolute values of Hadamard transform coefficients; finally, the hadamard costs of each 4 x 4 block are added up to the hadamard costs of the residual block.
How the hadamard cost of a 4 x 4 block is calculated is illustrated below by taking the first 4 x 4 block of the residual block as an example. The 4 × 4 block is two-dimensionally transformed as follows:
in the three matrices on the right side of the equation, the Hadamard transform matrix is on the left, the transpose of the Hadamard transform matrix is on the right, the pixel matrix of the 4 × 4 block is in the middle, D (i, j) represents the pixel value of the (i, j) position, the matrix on the left side of the equation is the pixel matrix after the two-dimensional transformation of the 4 × 4 block, the Hadamard cost of the 4 × 4 block is
Through the analysis, the existing HAD matching criterion has large calculation amount and high calculation complexity, and influences the efficiency of motion estimation, thereby influencing the compression speed of video coding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a motion estimation method and apparatus, which are intended to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of computation and complexity of the HAD matching criterion, and further increasing the compression speed of video coding.
In order to achieve the above object, the following solutions are proposed:
a motion estimation method, comprising:
segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain a reference Hadamard image;
segmenting and transforming the current coding image to obtain a current Hadamard image;
partitioning the current encoded image into a plurality of non-overlapping sub-blocks;
for each sub-block, if a corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in the reference Hadamard image, subtracting the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting the sum of absolute values of the subtracted Hadamard transform coefficients as the Hadamard matching cost of the sub-block and the reference block;
and selecting a reference block corresponding to the minimum Hadamard matching cost as a matching block for each sub-block, and acquiring the relative displacement of the matching block and the sub-block.
Preferably, the segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain the reference hadamard image specifically includes:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by utilizing a segmentation standard to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image.
Preferably, the segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain the reference hadamard image specifically includes:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
A motion estimation apparatus comprising:
the first segmentation transformation unit is used for segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain a reference Hadamard image;
the second division transformation unit is used for dividing and transforming the current coding image to obtain a current Hadamard image;
a partitioning unit, configured to partition the current encoded image into a plurality of mutually non-overlapping sub-blocks;
a hadamard matching spending unit for, for each of the sub-blocks, if a corresponding hadamard transform block exists in the reference hadamard image for a reference block of the sub-block, subtracting the hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting a sum of absolute values of the subtracted hadamard transform coefficients as a hadamard matching spending for the sub-block and the reference block;
and the motion vector acquisition unit is used for selecting a reference block corresponding to the minimum Hadamard matching cost as a matching block for each sub-block and acquiring the relative displacement of the matching block and the sub-block.
Preferably, the first segmentation transformation unit is specifically configured to:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by utilizing a segmentation standard to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image.
Preferably, the first segmentation transformation unit is specifically configured to:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the motion estimation method and device provided by the technical scheme, for each sub-block of a current coding image, if a corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in a reference Hadamard image of a reference block of the sub-block, directly subtracting the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and then taking the absolute sum to obtain the corresponding Hadamard matching cost; if the reference block of the subblock does not have a corresponding Hadamard transform block in the reference Hadamard image, the subblock and the reference block are subtracted by adopting a traditional method to obtain a residual block, then the residual block is segmented and subjected to Hadamard transform, and then the absolute sum is taken. According to the motion estimation method and device provided by the invention, aiming at the condition that the corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in the reference Hadamard image in the reference Hadamard block of the reference block, the Hadamard transform blocks corresponding to the sub block and the reference block are directly subtracted and then the absolute sum is obtained to obtain the corresponding Hadamard transform matching cost.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a motion estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hadamard transform block corresponding to a matching reference block in a reference hadamard image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of dividing a reference image into 4 × 4 blocks starting from the reference image (0, 0) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of dividing a reference image into 4 × 4 blocks starting from the reference image (2, 0) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of dividing a reference image into 4 × 4 blocks starting from the reference image (0, 2) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of dividing a reference image into 4 × 4 blocks starting from the reference image (2, 2) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a motion estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a motion estimation method provided in the present embodiment is shown, where the method includes:
step S11: segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain a reference Hadamard image;
the reference image is also called a reference frame, the reference image is divided into 4 × 4 blocks which are not overlapped with each other, the hadamard transform is performed on each 4 × 4 block, and the transformed 4 × 4 blocks are combined together in the original mode to obtain the reference hadamard image. The hadamard transform of a 4 x 4 block D is the matrix multiplication of the left and right by a 4 x 4 hadamard transform matrix (i.e. the two-dimensional transform of a 4 x 4 block mentioned in the background).
Step S12: segmenting and transforming the current coding image to obtain a current Hadamard image;
the current coding image is also called as a current frame, the current coding image is divided into 4 x 4 blocks which are not overlapped with each other, the Hadamard transform is carried out on each 4 x 4 block, and the transformed 4 x 4 blocks are combined together according to the original mode to obtain the current Hadamard image.
Step S13: partitioning the current encoded image into a plurality of non-overlapping sub-blocks;
the sub-block after the current coded image is divided is composed of a plurality of 4 x 4 blocks. Referring to fig. 2, the thick-line box on the left part is the current encoded image, and the thin-line grid divides the current encoded image into 4 × 4 blocks, wherein the black large block is a sub-block of the current encoded image, the size of the sub-block is 16 × 16, and the sub-block is composed of 16 4 × 4 blocks. Therefore, the hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block can be found in the current hadamard image.
Step S14: for each sub-block, if a corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in the reference Hadamard image, subtracting the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting the sum of absolute values of the subtracted Hadamard transform coefficients as the Hadamard matching cost of the sub-block and the reference block;
and if the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block can be found in the reference Hadamard image, directly subtracting the Hadamard transform blocks corresponding to the sub-block and the reference block, and setting the sum of absolute values of the subtracted Hadamard transform coefficients as the Hadamard matching cost of the sub-block and the reference block. If the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block cannot be found in the reference Hadamard image, the traditional method is adopted to subtract the sub-block from the reference block to obtain a residual block, then the residual block is divided and subjected to Hadamard transform, and then the absolute value is taken and the Hadamard matching cost of the sub-block and the reference block is obtained.
Step S15: and selecting a reference block corresponding to the minimum Hadamard matching cost as a matching block for each sub-block, and acquiring the relative displacement of the matching block and the sub-block.
After the step S14 is executed, a plurality of hadamard matching costs corresponding to each sub-block are obtained, the step S15 is executed to select a reference block corresponding to the smallest hadamard matching cost from the reference blocks corresponding to the plurality of hadamard matching costs as a matching block, and a relative displacement, that is, a motion vector, between the matching block and the corresponding sub-block is obtained.
In the motion estimation method provided by this embodiment, for a situation that a corresponding hadamard transform block exists in a reference hadamard image in a reference block of a subblock, the hadamard transform blocks corresponding to the subblock and the reference block are directly subtracted and then an absolute sum is obtained to obtain a corresponding hadamard transform matching cost.
The reference image is segmented and transformed to obtain a reference hadamard image, which may specifically be: and segmenting and transforming the reference image by utilizing a segmentation standard to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image.
Starting from the coordinates (x, y) of the reference image, the reference image is divided into 4 × 4 blocks, called a division criterion. The generation of one reference hadamard image requires less computation and is less complex than the generation of multiple reference hadamard images. For example, starting from the coordinates (0, 0) of the reference image, the reference image is divided into 4 × 4 blocks, as shown in fig. 3, the thick line boxes represent the reference image, and the thin line grids divide the reference image into 4 × 4 blocks which do not overlap with each other, and under this division standard, the remainder of dividing the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block by 4 is (0, 0); then, each 4 × 4 block is subjected to hadamard transform to obtain a reference hadamard image. In finding a matching block of a sub-block, if a remainder of a coordinate (x, y) division by four of a first pixel (i.e., an upper-left pixel) of the reference block (mx ═ x% 4, my ═ y% 4) is the same as a remainder of a coordinate division by four of a first pixel of the sub-block, it may be determined that the reference block has a corresponding hadamard transform block in the hadamard image.
The reference image is segmented and transformed to obtain a reference hadamard image, and the method specifically may further include: and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
The four division criteria may be to divide the reference image into 4 × 4 blocks, starting from the coordinates (0, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2), and (2, 2) of the reference image, respectively. Referring to fig. 3, the segmentation is started from coordinates (0, 0); FIG. 4 shows the division from coordinate (2, 0), where the remainder of the division of 4 by the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block is (2, 0); FIG. 5 shows the division from coordinates (0, 2), where the remainder of the division of 4 by the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block is (0, 2); fig. 6 shows the division from coordinate (2, 2), and the remainder of dividing the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block by 4 is (2, 2) in this division standard. And then transforming each standard segmented block to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image.
If four segmentation standards are adopted, if the reference image is segmented into a plurality of 4 x 4 blocks from the coordinates (0, 0), (2, 0), (0, 2) and (2, 2) of the reference image respectively, when corresponding four reference hadamard images are obtained, any sub-block in the current coding image is subjected to motion estimation, and as long as the motion vector of the sub-block can be divided by 2, a corresponding hadamard transform block can be found in the four reference hadamard images. In the integer motion estimation, the Hadamard transform matching cost calculation can be carried out on the integer pixel position of the even coordinate, and the calculation complexity is low. For example, referring to fig. 2, the thick line box on the left side is the current encoded image, wherein the black large block is a sub-block after being divided, the first pixel coordinate of the sub-block is (16, 16), the size of the sub-block is 16 × 16, and the black large block comprises 16 × 4 blocks, if the motion vector of the sub-block is (6, 8), the first pixel coordinate of the reference block of the sub-block is (22, 24), the remainder of the division of the coordinate (22, 24) by 4 is (2, 0), the corresponding hadamard transform block can be found in the reference hadamard image obtained by dividing the transform from the coordinate (2, 0) of the reference image, the thick line box on the right side is the reference hadamard image obtained by dividing the transform from the reference image (2, 0), and the gray color block is the hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block.
The four division criteria may also be to divide the reference image into a plurality of 4 × 4 blocks starting from the coordinates (1, 1), (3, 1), (1, 3), (3, 3) of the reference image, respectively. Starting segmentation from coordinates (1, 1), wherein under the segmentation standard, the remainder of the integral division of 4 by the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block is (1, 1); starting segmentation from coordinates (3, 1), wherein under the segmentation standard, the remainder of the integral division of 4 by the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block is (3, 1); starting segmentation from coordinates (1, 3), wherein under the segmentation standard, the remainder of dividing the first pixel coordinate integer of each 4 × 4 block by 4 is (1, 3); the division starts at coordinate (3, 3), and the remainder of dividing the first pixel coordinate of each 4 × 4 block by 4 is (3, 3) under the division standard. And then transforming each standard segmented block to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image. Any sub-block in the current coding image is subjected to motion estimation, and as long as the motion vector of the sub-block is an odd coordinate, a corresponding Hadamard transform block can be found in four reference Hadamard images, namely when integer motion estimation is carried out, Hadamard transform matching cost calculation can be carried out on the integer pixel position of the odd coordinate, and the calculation complexity is low. If both parameters x and y of the coordinates (x and y) are odd numbers, (x and y) are called odd coordinates.
For simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combinations, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts or acts described, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the invention.
The following are embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention that may be used to perform embodiments of the method of the present invention. For details which are not disclosed in the embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention, reference is made to the embodiments of the method of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 7, a schematic diagram of a motion estimation apparatus provided in this embodiment is shown, where the apparatus includes:
a first segmentation transformation unit 11, configured to segment and transform the reference image to obtain a reference hadamard image;
a second segmentation transformation unit 12, configured to segment and transform the current encoded image to obtain a current hadamard image;
a partitioning unit 13, configured to partition the current encoded image into a plurality of mutually non-overlapping sub-blocks;
a hadamard matching spending unit 14 for, for each of the sub-blocks, if a corresponding hadamard transform block exists in the reference hadamard image for a reference block of the sub-block, subtracting the hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting a sum of absolute values of the subtracted hadamard transform coefficients as a hadamard matching spending for the sub-block and the reference block;
and a motion vector obtaining unit 15, configured to select, for each of the sub-blocks, a reference block corresponding to a minimum hadamard matching cost as a matching block, and obtain a relative displacement between the matching block and the sub-block.
In the motion estimation apparatus provided in this embodiment, the hadamard matching cost unit 14 directly subtracts the hadamard transform blocks corresponding to the sub-blocks and the reference block and then obtains the absolute sum for the situation that the reference block of the sub-block has the corresponding hadamard transform block in the reference hadamard image, so as to obtain the corresponding hadamard transform matching cost.
The first segmentation transformation unit may be specifically configured to: and segmenting and transforming the reference image by utilizing a segmentation standard to obtain a corresponding reference Hadamard image.
The first segmentation transformation unit may be specifically configured to: and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A method of motion estimation, comprising:
segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain a reference Hadamard image;
segmenting and transforming the current coding image to obtain a current Hadamard image;
partitioning the current encoded image into a plurality of non-overlapping sub-blocks;
for each sub-block, if a corresponding Hadamard transform block exists in the reference Hadamard image, subtracting the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the Hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting the sum of absolute values of the subtracted Hadamard transform coefficients as the Hadamard matching cost of the sub-block and the reference block;
for each sub-block, selecting a reference block corresponding to the minimum Hadamard matching cost as a matching block, and acquiring the relative displacement of the matching block and the sub-block;
the method for obtaining the reference Hadamard image by segmenting and transforming the reference image specifically comprises the following steps:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
2. A motion estimation device, comprising:
the first segmentation transformation unit is used for segmenting and transforming the reference image to obtain a reference Hadamard image;
the second division transformation unit is used for dividing and transforming the current coding image to obtain a current Hadamard image;
a partitioning unit, configured to partition the current encoded image into a plurality of mutually non-overlapping sub-blocks;
a hadamard matching spending unit for, for each of the sub-blocks, if a corresponding hadamard transform block exists in the reference hadamard image for a reference block of the sub-block, subtracting the hadamard transform block corresponding to the sub-block from the hadamard transform block corresponding to the reference block, and setting a sum of absolute values of the subtracted hadamard transform coefficients as a hadamard matching spending for the sub-block and the reference block;
a motion vector obtaining unit, configured to select, for each of the sub-blocks, a reference block corresponding to a minimum hadamard matching cost as a matching block, and obtain a relative displacement between the matching block and the sub-block;
the first segmentation transformation unit is specifically configured to:
and segmenting and transforming the reference image by using four segmentation standards to obtain four corresponding reference Hadamard images.
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