CN107114397A - 一种含有莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的除草剂组合物 - Google Patents
一种含有莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的除草剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114397A CN107114397A CN201710396584.2A CN201710396584A CN107114397A CN 107114397 A CN107114397 A CN 107114397A CN 201710396584 A CN201710396584 A CN 201710396584A CN 107114397 A CN107114397 A CN 107114397A
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- metamifop
- anilofos
- cyhalofop
- butyl
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- ADDQHLREJDZPMT-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-metamifop Chemical compound O=C([C@@H](OC=1C=CC(OC=2OC3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3N=2)=CC=1)C)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1F ADDQHLREJDZPMT-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000005502 Cyhalofop-butyl Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及含有莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的除草组合物,所述的除草组合物具有协同增效作用,其中,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的质量比为10~25:10~25:4~10,更优选为10~15:20~25:8~10,最优配比为15:25:8。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药除草剂复配领域,具体涉及的是一种有效成分含有莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的三元复配除草剂组合物及其应用。
背景技术
水稻是我国第一大粮食作物,水田杂草防除是水稻丰收的重要保障。稻田主要杂草包括禾本科的稗草、千金子、马唐、止血马唐、双穗雀稗、稻李氏禾等,阔叶杂草包括鸭舌草、水花生、矮慈姑、鸭跖草等,莎草科包括香附子、水莎草、异型莎草、碎米莎草、牛毛草、水葱等。
随着单一除草剂使用年份的增加,杂草对除草剂的抗性越来越强,产生了很多抗性杂草,如抗性稗草、抗性马唐、抗性水莎草等,这类杂草对常见的氰氟草酯、五氟磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸等单剂产生了很强的抗性。
莎稗磷(Anilofos)为内吸性有机磷类除草剂。一般通过杂草根系和幼芽吸收,传导至植株全身,抑制植物细胞分裂生长,导致植株生长受抑制,新叶不易抽出,老叶颜色转为深绿,有时脱色,生长停止,最后枯死。对处于萌发状态的杂草效果好,对已经长大的杂草效果较差。常用于防除稻田单子叶杂草,如稗草、异型莎草、碎米莎草、鸭舌草、牛毛草、节节草、飘拂草等。在杂草3叶期内施药效果很好,对水稻安全。
氰氟草酯(Cyhalofop-butyl)是芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂中唯一对水稻具有高度安全性的成分,属于是内吸传导性除草剂。通过杂草的叶片和叶鞘吸收,经过维管束韧皮部传导,积累在杂草的分生组织区,抑制乙酰辅酶A羧化酶,使脂肪酸合成停止,细胞的生长分裂不能正常进行,膜系统等含脂结构破坏,最后导致植物死亡。氰氟草酯芽前处理无效,仅作为茎叶处理。主要用于防除稻田千金子、稗草等禾本科杂草,对千金子特效。
噁唑酰草胺(Metamifop) 属于芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂,抑制脂肪酸合成关键酶,是由韩国化工技术研究院开发的,能有效防除大多数一年生禾本科杂草,其对水稻安全性高。目前主要用于移栽和直播稻田防除常见的一年生禾本科杂草,如稗草、千金子、马唐和牛筋草等。噁唑酰草胺可混性强,毒性低,对环境安全。通过植物茎叶吸收后,敏感杂草几天后出现叶面退绿,生长停止,14天开始干枯,最后杂草彻底死亡。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种安全、高效、低残留的增效除草组合物,有利于杂草的综合防治,所述的除草组合物活性成分包含莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺。
本发明的除草组合物还可包括其它农用活性成分,例如其它种类的除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂、肥料和安全剂的农药活性成分和/或植物保护中常用的添加剂和/或农药助剂,或可与它们一起使用。
本发明的除草组合物具高度的除草活性,且杀草谱广。通过各有效成分不同的作用机理协同增效,表现为除草高活性,其中莎稗磷抑制细胞分裂生长,氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺是乙酰辅敏A羧化酶抑制剂,抑制植物体内脂肪的合成。同时该三元复配扩增了单一成分杀草谱,能一次性防除水稻田多种一年生禾本科杂草和部分多年生莎草科杂草,包含禾本科的稗草、马唐、千金子、稻李氏禾、双穗雀稗等,和莎草科的水莎草、异型莎草、碎米莎草等。在推荐使用剂量下对水稻高度安全,且毒性低,在土壤中残留时间短,对后茬作物安全。
本发明的除草组合物可以与农药制剂加工中常规的辅助成分按照常规制备方法制备得到任意一种剂型,例如可以是乳油、可分散油悬浮剂、微乳剂、水乳剂、悬乳剂、微囊悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、干悬浮剂等。
进一步的,本发明的除草组合物中有效成分为莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺,它们复配的质量比为10~25:10~25:4~10,更优选为10~15:20~25:8~10,最优配比为15:25:8。
本发明的除草组合物的使用频率和使用量随农作物、杂草、气候条件而小有变化,可以通过使用合适的剂量来达到有效防治的目的。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的实质,下面结合实施例对本发明的内容做进一步说明,但不能视为对本发明的限制,以下所述仅用于解释本发明,对于不偏离本发明精神和原则所做的修改、替换或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
一、制剂实施例
实施例1:本发明组合物为乳油时,各组分含量为:
莎稗磷 10%
氰氟草酯 7.5%
噁唑酰草胺 3%
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 10%
烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚 6%
乙二醇 5%
二甲苯 10%
乙酸乙酯 5%
去离子水 补齐至100%
该组合物乳油的具体加工步骤为:按上述配方按比例混合溶解后,经高速剪切混合成均匀透明的相,制得本发明所述的20.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺乳油。
实施例2:本发明组合物为可分散油悬浮剂时,各组分含量为:
莎稗磷 5%
氰氟草酯 10%
噁唑酰草胺 5%
十二烷基苯磺酸钠 6%
山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯 3%
烷基琥珀酸盐 5%
气相白碳黑 1%
硅酸镁铝 1%
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 10%
油酸甲酯 补齐至100%
该组合物可分散油悬浮剂的具体加工步骤为:按上述配方将邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和莎稗磷混合溶解后,加入矿物油、增稠剂、乳化剂混合,经高速剪切混合均匀,分别加入氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺,继续剪切混匀,然后进入卧式砂磨机中研磨,使制剂粒径全部在10UM以下,制得本发明所述的20%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺可分散油悬浮剂。
实施例3:本发明组合物为悬乳剂时,各组分含量为:
莎稗磷 7.5%
氰氟草酯 10%
噁唑酰草胺 4%
油酸甲酯 13%
烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯 2%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 5%
烷基酚醇醚磷酸酯 4%
有机硅酮 1.2%
pH值调节剂 0.2%
黄原胶 0.2%
乙二醇 4%
去离子水 补齐至100%
所述悬乳剂的具体加工步骤为:
1.按上述配方将莎稗磷用油酸甲酯稀释后,加入乳化剂混合均匀制得油相溶液,然后加入适量去离子水经均质机乳化制得乳液。
2.按上述配方将分散剂、增稠剂、消泡剂混合,经高速剪切混合均匀,加入氰氟草酯,继续剪切混匀,然后加入噁唑酰草胺,继续剪切混匀,最后进入卧式砂磨机中三级研磨,使制剂粒径全部在5微米以下,制得悬浮液。
3.将以上乳液和悬浮液混合经高速剪切混匀,即制得本发明所述的21.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺悬乳剂。
实施例4:本发明组合物为水分散粒剂时,各组分含量为:
莎稗磷 15%
氰氟草酯 25%
噁唑酰草胺 8%
木质素磺酸钙 8%
十二烷基硫酸钠 3%
膨润土 7%
羟甲基纤维素 2%
去离子水 6%
高岭土 补齐到100%
所述水分散粒剂的加工步骤为:按上述配方将莎稗磷、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺和分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、粘结剂、软化水以及填料混合均匀,用超微气流粉碎机粉碎,经捏合,然后进入挤压造粒机造粒,沸腾干燥机中干燥,筛分后经取样分析,制得本发明所述的48%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺水分散粒剂。
二、活性测定
1、室内活性测定:莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺及其混配组合物对水稻田杂草的生物活性测定报告
实验目的:在实验室温室盆栽条件下测定莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺及其不同混配组合物对试验对象稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、千金子(Leptochloachinensis),莎草科杂草异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)15天后的鲜重防效,并评价了其联合作用,为混配药剂的剂型开发和农药登记田间药效试验提供科学依据。
供试靶标: 稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、千金子(Leptochloachinensis)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)。温室培养杂草到3叶1心左右,将样品分别用喷雾器进行喷雾处理。处理后置于温室内培养观察。计算鲜重防效。(NY/T1155.7-2006)
两元复配评价方法:根据Colby法评价除草剂联合作用方式,其公式为:E0=X+Y-XY/100
X、Y分别为单剂1和单剂2在剂量为a或b时对杂草的相对鲜重防效;E0为单剂1和单剂2在剂量为a+b时的预期值。
三元复配联合作用评价方法:根据Colby法评价除草剂联合作用(NY/T1155.7-2006),其公式如下:
A:莎稗磷以单剂用量时的相对鲜重防效;
B:氰氟草酯以单剂用量时的相对鲜重防效;
C:恶唑酰草胺以单剂用量时的相对鲜重防效;
E0:莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三种药剂混用时的理论相对鲜重防效;
E:莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三种药剂混用时的相对鲜重防效;
评价标准:当E- E0>10%时,表现为增效作用;当-10%<E- E0<10%时,表现为相加作用;当E- E0<-10%时,表现为拮抗作用。试验结果见表1。
由表1可以看出,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺两两混配,综合防效最高只有41.1%,最高增效为11.82%,而三元复配后,最低综合防效为81.12%,最底增效为32.11%,表现出显著的增效作用,对禾本科杂草稗草、千金子和莎草科杂草异型莎草都有非常好的防除效果,三元复配后最高综合防效可以达到97.45%,复配后协同增效作用明显,特别是莎稗磷单剂对3叶的稗草、千金子和异型莎草效果都不理想,但和氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺复配后,能显著提高氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的防除效果,说明莎稗磷对氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺有较强的增效作用。总之,三元复配对防效增效显著,具有推广价值。
2、田间药效试验
2.1 试验一:发明人于2016年在安徽长丰县代集镇进行了制剂实施例1(20.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺乳油)、制剂实施例2(20%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺可分散油悬浮剂)、制剂实施例3(21.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺悬乳剂)和制剂实施例4(48%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺水分散粒剂)防治旱直播稻田苗后杂草田间药效试验,对比了不同配方之间的防效,证实了混配制剂对3叶1心旱直播水稻苗的安全性。该地区土质为黄褐土pH6.6,有机质含量14。喷药时期为2016年6月10日,天气晴好,气温18~32℃。水稻品种为惠华杂交水稻,喷药时水稻处在3叶1心,杂草处在3-4叶期,田间主要杂草种类为稗草(覆盖度占整个杂草群落65%)、异型莎草(覆盖度占整个杂草群落32%)。小区面积67平方米,重复4次,随机区组排列。采用常规喷雾法,亩施药液30千克。分别于药后15天、30天调查防效,试验结果见表2。
田间药效试验结果表明,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三元组合物对水稻田稗草和异型莎草都有较好的防效。通过表2在15天防效和30天的防效数据可以看出,经过三元复配后防效要明显高于两元复配组合物和单剂。在推荐用药范围内用药,对水稻安全,且增产作用明显,其48%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺水分散粒剂(15%+25%+8%)增效达到30.53%,对于生产除草增产具有重要意义,由此可见,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三元复配组合值得具有推广价值。
2.2 试验二:发明人于2016年在湖北天门市岳口镇进行了制剂实施例1(20.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺乳油)、制剂实施例2(20%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺可分散油悬浮剂)、制剂实施例3(21.5%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺悬乳剂)和制剂实施例4(48%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺水分散粒剂)防治水直播稻田苗后杂草田间药效试验,对比了不同配方之间的防效,确定了混配制剂对3叶1心水直播水稻苗的安全性。该地区土质为棕色土壤pH6.8,有机质含量18。喷药时期为2016年6月21日,天气晴好,气温21~35℃。水稻品种为荆州高新种业华占王,喷药时水稻处在3叶1心,杂草处在4-5叶期,田间主要杂草种类为稗草(覆盖度占整个杂草群落45%)、千金子(覆盖度占整个杂草群落22%)、异型莎草(覆盖度占整个杂草群落25%)。小区面积67平方米,重复4次,随机区组排列。采用常规喷雾法,亩施药液30千克。分别于药后15天、30天调查防效,试验结果见表3。
从湖北天门岳口镇的田间药效试验结果表明,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三元组合物对水稻田稗草、千金子和异型莎草都有较好的防效。通过表3在15天防效和30天的防效数据可以看出,经过三元复配后防效要明显高于两元复配组合物和单剂。在推荐用药范围内用药,对水稻安全,且增产作用显著,其48%莎稗磷·氰氟草酯·噁唑酰草胺水分散粒剂(15%+25%+8%)增效达到32.42%,对于生产除草增产具有重要意义,由此可见,莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺三元复配组合值得具有推广价值。
上述实施例仅为了说明发明原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明不仅限于此,本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明实质情况下,可以做出各种改进和变更,这些改进和变更也属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种除草剂组合物,其特征在于,活性成分包含莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺,三者的重量比为10~25:10~25:4~10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述莎稗磷、氰氟草酯和噁唑酰草胺的重量比更优选为更优选为10~15:20~25:8~10,最优配比为15:25:8。
3.根据权利要求1或2的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物还包含农药制剂加工中常规的辅助成分。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一一项权利要求所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述的除草组合物还包含一种或多种其它农用活性成分。
5.根据权利要求4的除草剂组合物,其特征在于,所述其它农用活性成分为调节剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的除草剂组合物用于防除有害植物的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述有害植物为水稻田杂草。
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