CN107109988B - 内燃机和内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法 - Google Patents
内燃机和内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过喷雾部件(40)对配置在氧化催化剂(25)上游侧的上游小径管(32)内部喷射液体氧化催化剂(41),从而供应给在氧化催化剂(25)的上游侧端面(31)上以及配置在比上游侧端面(31)更靠上游侧的扩径管(33)中蓄积的颗粒状物质,通过供应的液体氧化催化剂(41)的催化剂作用,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去,通过设为上述结构来除去在配置在排气通道中的氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比上游侧端面更靠上游侧的排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机和内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法,更详细地说,涉及将配置在排气通道中的氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比上游侧端面更靠近上游侧的排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质除去的内燃机和内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法。
背景技术
在柴油引擎中,为了将从缸内排放的排气气体中的颗粒状物质捕获从而燃烧除去,在排气通道中配置有氧化催化剂以及将排气气体中的颗粒状物质捕获的捕获装置。
若这样的引擎长时间低负荷运转,排气通道的温度被长时间维持在低温状态,则在比氧化催化剂的上游侧端面更靠上游侧,尤其在氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上,以及从上游小径管变成扩径管、排气气体的流速降低的扩径管的内壁上,蓄积了颗粒状物质。此外,在将用于强制性燃烧除去捕获装置中所堆积的颗粒状物质的未燃燃料供应给排气通道,并通过氧化催化剂使排气气体的温度升温时,若未燃燃料没有被均匀地喷雾、或者排气通道的温度较低,则该未燃燃料会附着在比氧化催化剂的上游侧端面更靠上游侧,并因之后的运转而成为蒸烤(蒸し焼き)状态,从而成长为颗粒状物质并蓄积。
对此,例如如日本申请特开2004-257267号公报(专利文献1)所记载的那样,提出了一种使氧化催化剂的上游侧的排气气体的温度上升从而除去氧化催化剂中堆积的堆积物的装置。
但是,由于在比氧化催化剂的上游侧端面更靠上游侧的配管中不存在催化剂,因此,若在这样的地方蓄积了大量的颗粒状物质,则无法强制性燃烧除去。
因此,若成为颗粒状物质大量蓄积的状态,则需要将排气通道分解打开,从而机械式地将蓄积的颗粒状物质清扫除去。但是,在该清扫除去作业中,为了将蓄积有颗粒状物质的排气通道分解打开,颗粒状物质有飞散的可能。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本申请特开2004-257267号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明鉴于上述问题而完成,其课题在于提供一种将在配置在排气通道中的氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比上游侧端面更靠上游侧的排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质除去的内燃机以及内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法。
用于解决课题的手段
用于解决上述课题的本发明的内燃机在排气气体所通过的排气通道中,从上游侧起依次配置了氧化催化剂以及捕获排气气体中含有的颗粒状物质的捕获装置,其特征在于结构为:在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧配置或临时设置喷雾部件,从所述喷雾部件向所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂,供应给在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比该上游侧端面更靠上游侧的所述排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质,通过供应的所述液体氧化催化剂的催化剂作用,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
此外,用于解决上述课题的本发明的内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法用于除去在从上游侧起依次配置了氧化催化剂和捕获装置的排气通道的该氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比该上游侧端面更靠上游侧所蓄积的颗粒状物质,所述捕获装置用于捕获排气气体中含有的颗粒状物质,其特征在于,对所述氧化催化剂上游侧的所述排气通道内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂,将该液体氧化催化剂供应给在所述上游侧端面上以及比所述上游侧端面更靠上游侧的所述排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质,利用所述液体氧化催化剂的催化剂作用,在通过所述排气通道的排气气体的温度达到预定的燃烧除去温度以上时,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
另外,这里所说的液体氧化催化剂是指在液体中含有氧化物系催化剂的催化剂。作为该液体氧化催化剂,例如可以例示在液体中含有稀土类金属氧化物的氧化铈的催化剂。
发明的效果
根据本发明的内燃机和内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法,对氧化催化剂的上游侧的排气通道内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂,将该液体氧化催化剂供应给在氧化物催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比上游侧端面更靠上游侧的排气通道中所蓄积的颗粒状物质,通过该液体氧化催化剂的催化剂作用,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
由此,由于不需要将排气通道分解打开来将蓄积的颗粒状物质清扫除去,因此能够防止在清扫除去时颗粒状物质飞散的情况。此外,防止了因蓄积的颗粒状物质导致排压上升而引起的燃耗恶化。进而,由于利用液体氧化催化剂的氧化作用在通常的排气气体温度下将颗粒状物质燃烧除去,因此抑制了氧化催化剂或捕获装置的热所引起的劣化。
附图说明
图1是例示本发明的内燃机的第一实施方式的说明图。
图2是例示本发明的内燃机的第二实施方式的说明图。
图3是在图1以及图2的控制装置中存储的基于排气气体的流量而设定了蓄积压力的蓄积压力图。
图4是例示图1以及图2的控制装置所进行的判定的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于本发明的内燃机以及内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法的实施方式进行说明。图1表示本发明的第一实施方式的柴油引擎(以下称为引擎)10A的结构。此外,图2表示本发明的第二实施方式的引擎10B的结构。
在该引擎10A以及10B中,在车辆行驶时等,从吸气阀11吸入到活塞12所往复运动的缸内13的吸入空气、和从燃料喷射阀14喷射到缸内13的燃料被混合并燃烧,成为排气气体而从排气阀15排气。
吸入空气被从外部吸入到吸气通道16,被涡轮增压器17的压缩机18压缩而成为高温,并由中冷器19冷却。然后,被吸气节气阀20调节流量,经由进气歧管21从吸气阀11吸入到缸内13。
排气气体从缸内13经由排气阀15而从排气岐管22被排气到排气通道23,从而驱动涡轮增压器17的涡轮24。然后,被从上游侧起依次配置的氧化催化剂25及捕获装置26净化后,被排放到大气。另外,也可以在捕获装置26的下游依次配置尿素水喷射阀和SCR催化剂,对排气气体中的氮氧化物,利用SCR催化剂通过以氨作为还原剂的各SCR反应进行还原。
此外,排气气体的一部分作为EGR气体而从排气通道23分支,并由设置在与吸气通道16连接的EGR通道27中的EGR冷却器28冷却之后,通过EGR阀29而供应给吸气通道16,被混合到吸入空气中。
关于该引擎10A中的排气气体的净化,通过氧化催化剂25,排气气体中的未燃碳氢化合物和一氧化碳被氧化,并且一氧化氮被氧化而生产二氧化氮。此外,在捕获装置26中,通过承载的催化剂,一氧化氮被氧化而生成二氧化氮,并且排气气体中的颗粒状物质被捕获。此外,在该捕获装置26中,通过使捕获的颗粒状物质和二氧化氮反应,从而将颗粒状物质氧化除去。
另一方面,在捕获装置26中堆积了颗粒状物质的情况下,控制装置30控制燃料喷射阀14,进行使喷射到缸内13的燃料的喷射时期滞后的远后(ポスト)喷射,对排气通道23供应未燃燃料。然后,由氧化催化剂25通过未燃燃料对排气气体的温度进行升温,从而在捕获装置26中强制性燃烧除去颗粒状物质。另外,也可以采用在涡轮24的下游、且氧化催化剂25的上游的排气通道23中配置直接喷射未燃燃料的喷射阀,代替远后喷射而向排气通道23中直接供应未燃燃料的结构。
但是,在长时间低负荷运转,排气通道23的温度被长时间维持在低温状态的情况下,或者在将未燃燃料供应给排气通道23时未燃燃料未被均匀喷雾的情况下或排气通道23的温度低的情况下,会在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上和比该上游侧端面31更靠上游侧的排气通道23中蓄积颗粒状物质。
关于该状态将详细说明。比涡轮24下游的排气通道23包括上游小径管32、向下游侧扩展直径的扩径管33、在内部从上游侧起依次配置了氧化催化剂25和捕获装置26的大径管34、向下游侧缩小直径的缩径管35、以及下游小径管36。配置在大径管34内部的氧化催化剂25是通过在陶瓷等蜂窝结构体上镀白金或钯等贵金属催化剂而构成的。
在上述长时间低负荷运转时的情况下,在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上蓄积颗粒状物质。此外,在供应了未燃燃料的情况下,附着在上游侧端面31上的未燃燃料在其后的运转中成为蒸烤状态,成长为颗粒状物质而蓄积。然后,由于在上游侧端面31上蓄积的颗粒状物质,排气气体中的颗粒状物质将不通过氧化催化剂25而进一步蓄积在上游侧端面31上,并且蓄积在排气气体的流速急剧降低的扩径管33的内壁上。在远离这些上游侧端面31的位置及扩径管33的内壁上不存在催化剂。
因此,采用如下结构:在本发明的引擎10A中通过配设在上游小径管32的喷雾部件40、在本发明的引擎10B中通过临时配设在上游小径管32的喷雾部件40,向配置在氧化催化剂25上游侧的上游小径管32内部喷射液体氧化催化剂41,从而供应给在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及比上游侧端面31更靠上游侧配置的扩径管33中蓄积的颗粒状物质,通过供应的液体氧化催化剂41的催化剂作用,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
喷雾部件40可以例示对配置在涡轮24下游且氧化催化剂25上游的上游小径管32内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂41的装置。例如,图1所示的喷雾部件40是设置在引擎10A的上游小径管32的装置,图2所示的喷雾部件40是设置在进行车辆整修的整修工厂中并临时设置在引擎10B的上游小径管32中的装置。
图1所示的第一实施方式的引擎10A中,作为喷雾部件40,使用设置在上游小径管32并对上游小径管32内部直接喷洒液体氧化催化剂41的喷雾阀42。此外,包括储存液体氧化催化剂41的储存罐43、将喷雾阀42和储存罐43连接的连接路径44、以及设置在连接路径44上的输送泵45。喷雾阀42由控制装置30控制。此外,输送泵45优选电动泵。
在图2所示的第二实施方式的引擎10B的排气通道23的上游小径管32上,连接了向上游小径管32外侧突出的凸台部46。该凸台部46上形成有喷雾口47。而且,作为喷雾部件40,使用具有可自由插拔地临时设置在该喷雾口47中的喷雾嘴48的喷雾装置49。
从上述喷雾阀42或喷雾嘴48喷雾的液体氧化催化剂41的喷雾模式可以例示扁平、密实锥形(フルコーン)、空心圆锥(ホロコーン)等。另外,在排气通道23中配置了喷射未燃燃料的喷射阀的情况下,喷雾部件40的喷雾位置优选设为比该喷射阀更靠上游侧。
液体氧化催化剂41是在液体中含有混入了含氧成分以及氧化用金属成分的氧化物类催化剂后的催化剂。作为氧化物催化剂,有氧化铁和氧化铈等,例如,可以例示也被称为燃料添加催化剂(FBC)的催化剂,其在液体中含有稀土类金属氧化物的氧化铈。该液体氧化催化剂41利用催化剂作用将颗粒状物质氧化除去。
此外,作为在引擎10A和10B的通常运转时可能达到的排气气体的温度,若达到比较低温的燃烧除去温度T1,则该液体氧化催化剂41会促进蓄积的颗粒状物质的氧化除去。该氧化除去温度T1在不使用液体氧化催化剂的情况下为450度以上,而在使用液体氧化催化剂的情况下为300度以上。
下面说明图1所示的引擎10A的动作。在判定为氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31以及扩径管33的内壁上堆积了颗粒状物质时,控制装置30控制喷雾阀42,从喷雾阀42向上游小径管32内部喷射液体氧化催化剂41,从而对在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积的颗粒状物质充足地供应液体氧化催化剂41。
然后,在引擎10A通常运转时,若通过上游小径管32的排气气体的温度达到预定的氧化除去温度T1以上,则通过液体氧化催化剂41的催化剂作用将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
下面说明图2所示的引擎10B的动作。在判定为在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31以及扩径管33的内壁上堆积了颗粒状物质时,控制装置30控制警告装置37,通过警告装置37的亮灯或警报来对驾驶员警告堆积了颗粒状物质。
接着,驾驶员将车辆驾驶到整修工厂,在整修工厂中开启未图示的盖而打开凸台部46的喷雾口47。接着,驾驶员将设置在整修工厂中的喷雾装置49的喷雾嘴48插入喷雾口47中,拉动喷雾装置49的扳机,从喷雾嘴48向上游小径管32内部喷射液体氧化催化剂41,从而对在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积的颗粒状物质充足地供应液体氧化催化剂41。另外,在从喷雾装置49喷洒液体氧化催化剂41的情况下,优选使引擎10B怠速运转。
在对蓄积的颗粒状物质充分供应了液体氧化催化剂41之后,驾驶员从喷雾口47拔出喷雾嘴48,盖紧盖而关闭喷雾口47。然后,在引擎10B通常运转时,若通过上游小径管32的排气气体的温度达到预定的氧化除去温度T1以上,则通过液体氧化催化剂41的催化剂作用氧化除去蓄积的颗粒状物质。
根据上述引擎10A以及10B,对上游小径管32内部直接喷洒液体氧化催化剂41,从而将该液体氧化催化剂41供应给在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及配置在比上游侧端面31更靠上游侧的扩径管33的内壁上所蓄积的颗粒状物质,通过该液体氧化催化剂41的催化剂作用将蓄积了的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
由此,不必将扩径管33分解打开后将蓄积的颗粒状物质清扫除去,因此防止在清扫除去时使颗粒状物质飞散的情况。
此外,防止了由蓄积颗粒状物质引起的排压上升所导致的燃耗恶化。进而,由于通过液体氧化催化剂41的催化剂作用在通常运转时的排气气体温度下将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去,因此抑制了由氧化催化剂25或捕获装置26的热引起的劣化。
此外,作为喷雾部件40,在引擎10A的上游小径管32中设置了喷雾阀42的情况下,由于在车辆行驶中将在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去,从而降低排气压力,因此对于燃耗提高有利。
另一方面,作为喷雾部件40,在将设置在整修工厂中的喷雾装置49的喷雾嘴48临时设置在上游小径管32中的情况下,由于在引擎10B中不搭载喷雾部件40,故与引擎10A相比,抑制了引擎10B的笨重粗大化。此外,由于仅在上游小径管32上设置具有喷雾口47的凸台部46即可,因此也容易应用到现有的引擎中。
在上述引擎10A和10B中,优选在从喷雾部件40喷洒液体氧化催化剂41之前判定是否蓄积了颗粒状物质。
为此,优选以下结构:在上游小径管32中包括压力传感器38作为取得排气压力P1的压力取得部件,控制装置30判定由压力传感器38取得的排气压力P1是否为预先设定的蓄积压力Pa以上,在排气压力P1为蓄积压力Pa以上的情况下,判定为蓄积了颗粒状物质。
蓄积压力Pa被设定为能够判定因颗粒状物质蓄积使排气压力上升从而对燃耗产生影响的值。该蓄积压力Pa基于从缸内13排放的排气气体的流量Qa而设定。
若在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积颗粒状物质,则涡轮24下游的排气压力P1上升。因此,在上游小径管32中包含压力传感器38来判定该排气压力P1的上升。
由此,在引擎10A的情况下,在蓄积了颗粒状物质时能够随时喷洒液体氧化催化剂41。此外,在引擎10B的情况下,在蓄积了颗粒状物质时,控制装置30通过警告装置37对驾驶员进行警告。
此外,优选采用参照控制装置30所具有的蓄积压力图M1来设定该蓄积压力Pa的结构。
如图3所示,蓄积压力图M1是设定了基于从缸内13排放的排气气体的流量Qa的蓄积压力Pa的图。该蓄积压力图M1预先通过实验或试验而生成,并且存储在控制装置30中。
蓄积压力Pa优选与从缸内13排放的排气气体的流量Qa成比例地增大。若排气气体的流量Qa增大,则由压力传感器38取得的排气压力P1上升。因此,控制装置30具有图3所示的蓄积压力图M1,通过使用参照该蓄积压力图M1设定的蓄积压力Pa,可以高精度地判定颗粒状物质的蓄积状态。
关于进行上述判定来判定是否蓄积了颗粒状物质的方法,将参照图4所示的流程图进行说明。
首先,进行控制装置30根据吸入空气量传感器39的检测值取得吸入空气量Q1的步骤S10。接着,进行控制装置30取得从燃料喷射阀14喷射的燃料喷射量Q2的步骤S20。接着,进行控制装置30基于吸入空气量Q1以及燃料喷射量Q2来计算排气气体の流量Qa的步骤S30。在该步骤S30中,使用在控制装置30中预先存储的、设定了基于吸入空气量以及燃料喷射量的排气气体的流量的流量图来计算。另外,该步骤S10~步骤S30只要能够算出排气气体的流量Qa则不限定于上述。例如,也可以基于引擎10A的运转状态以及燃料喷射量来计算排气气体的流量。
接着,进行控制装置30参照蓄积压力图M1的步骤S40。接着,进行控制装置30设定基于在步骤S30中算出的排气气体的流量Qa的蓄积压力Pa的步骤S50。接着,进行控制装置30根据压力传感器38的检测值而取得排气压力P1的步骤S60。
接着,进行控制装置30判定在步骤S60中取得的排气压力P1是否在步骤S50中设定的蓄积压力Pa以上的步骤S70。在步骤S70中若排气压力P1小于蓄积压力Pa,则返回到开始。另一方面,在步骤S70中若排气压力P1在蓄积压力Pa以上,则进行控制装置30判定为在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31上、以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积有颗粒状物质的步骤S80,该方法结束。
在第一实施方式的引擎10A的情况下,在上述方法完成,判定为蓄积有颗粒状物质的情况下,控制装置30控制在上游小径管32中设置的喷雾阀42,开始液体氧化催化剂41的喷雾。另一方面,在第二实施方式的引擎10B的情况下,在上述方法完成,判定为蓄积有颗粒状物质的情况下,控制装置30控制警告装置37,对驾驶员进行警告。通过该警告,驾驶员将车辆送到整修工厂,操作喷雾装置49从临时设置在上游小径管32中的喷雾嘴48喷洒液体氧化催化剂41。
另外,液体氧化催化剂41的喷雾量优选被充分供应给在氧化催化剂25的上游侧端面31以及扩径管33的内壁上蓄积的颗粒状物质的量。例如,在排气压力P1和蓄积压力Pa之差大的情况下,最好增加喷雾量。
附图标记说明
10A,10B 引擎
17 涡轮增压器
23 排气通道
24 涡轮
25 氧化催化剂
26 捕获装置
31 上游侧端面
32 上游小径管
33 扩径管
37 警告装置
38 压力传感器
39 吸入空气量传感器
40 喷雾部件
41 液体氧化催化剂
42 喷雾阀
43 储存罐
44 连接路径
45 输送泵
46 凸台部
47 喷雾口
48 喷雾嘴
49 喷雾装置
M1 蓄积压力图
P1 排气压力
Pa 蓄积压力
Qa 流量
T1 燃烧除去温度
Claims (4)
1.一种内燃机,在排气气体所通过的排气通道中,从上游侧起依次配置了氧化催化剂以及捕获排气气体中含有的颗粒状物质的捕获装置,其特征在于结构为:
在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧配置或临时设置喷雾部件,
从所述喷雾部件向所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂,从而供应给在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比该上游侧端面更靠上游侧的所述排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质,
通过供应的所述液体氧化催化剂的催化剂作用,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去
在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道中具有喷雾口,作为所述喷雾部件,使用可自由插拔地临时设置在该喷雾口中的喷雾嘴。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机,其结构为:
包括取得所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道的排气压力的压力取得部件;
在该排气压力为预先设定的蓄积压力以上的情况下,判定在所述上游侧端面上以及比该上游侧端面更靠上游侧的所述排气通道中蓄积了颗粒状物质,从而从所述喷雾部件喷洒所述液体氧化催化剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的内燃机,其结构为:
参照蓄积压力图设定所述蓄积压力,所述蓄积压力图设定了基于对所述排气通道排放的排气气体的流量的所述蓄积压力。
4.一种内燃机的颗粒状物质除去方法,用于除去在从上游侧起依次配置了氧化催化剂和捕获装置的排气通道的该氧化催化剂的上游侧端面上以及比该上游侧端面更靠上游侧蓄积的颗粒状物质,所述捕获装置用于捕获排气气体中含有的颗粒状物质,其特征在于,
利用在所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道中具有的喷雾口中自由插拔地临时设置的喷雾嘴,对所述氧化催化剂的上游侧的所述排气通道内部喷洒液体氧化催化剂,从而将该液体氧化催化剂供应给在所述上游侧端面上以及比所述上游侧端面更靠上游侧的所述排气通道中蓄积的颗粒状物质,
利用所述液体氧化催化剂的催化剂作用,在通过所述排气通道的排气气体的温度达到预定的燃烧除去温度以上时,将蓄积的颗粒状物质氧化除去。
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PCT/JP2015/081323 WO2016076226A1 (ja) | 2014-11-12 | 2015-11-06 | 内燃機関及び内燃機関の粒子状物質除去方法 |
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