CN107093686B

CN107093686B - Battery pack and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN107093686B
Application number: CN201710297458.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石国柱; 杨重科; 高建保; 李世伟
Original assignee: Beijing Electric Vehicle Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Electric Vehicle Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-28
Filing date: 2017-04-28
Publication date: 2020-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-28
Also published as: CN107093686A

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack and a vehicle. Wherein the battery package includes: a housing; a battery module; a fireproof heat insulation board; the rupture membrane, the battery module sets up just in the casing the battery module includes: the support comprises a first support and a plurality of cylindrical battery monomers, the support comprises a first support and a second support, the battery monomers are arranged between the first support and the second support, the fireproof heat insulation plate is arranged on the support and corresponds to the anode of the battery monomers, a buffer cavity is formed between the fireproof heat insulation plate and the anode of the battery monomers, and the explosion-proof film is sealed in the buffer cavity. By additionally arranging the fireproof heat insulation plate and the explosion-proof film, the heat transfer and spread of the battery monomer can be effectively prevented, and the safety of the battery pack is further improved.

Description

Battery pack and vehicle

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle manufacturing, and particularly relates to a battery pack and a vehicle.

Background

The thermal runaway can appear in the power battery of traditional new energy automobile under extreme condition to lead to the battery monomer to explode and spout the fire, and the phenomenon of exploding and spouting takes place in the free positive pole department of battery mostly, has very big hidden danger.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack, in which a single battery cell is additionally provided with a fireproof heat insulation plate and an explosion-proof film, so that heat generated during explosion spraying of the single battery cell can be effectively prevented from being transferred and spread, and the safety of the battery pack is improved.

A battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: casing, battery module, fire prevention heat insulating board and rupture membrane. The battery module sets up just in the casing the battery module includes: the battery pack comprises a bracket and a plurality of cylindrical battery monomers, wherein the bracket comprises a first bracket and a second bracket, and the battery monomers are arranged between the first bracket and the second bracket; the fireproof heat insulation plate is arranged on the support and corresponds to the anode of the single battery, and a buffer cavity is formed between the fireproof heat insulation plate and the anode of the single battery; the explosion-proof membrane seals the buffer cavity.

According to the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fireproof heat insulation plate and the explosion-proof film are additionally arranged, so that the heat of the battery monomer during explosion spraying can be effectively prevented from being transferred and spread outwards, and the safety of the battery pack is further improved.

In addition, the battery pack according to the embodiment of the invention may further have the following additional technical features:

according to some embodiments of the invention, the fireproof heat insulation plate is provided with a plurality of fireproof heat insulation plate through holes, and the fireproof heat insulation plate through holes are opposite to the battery cell mounting holes on the bracket to form the buffer cavity.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the explosion-proof film is laid on the side of the fireproof heat-insulating plate facing away from the battery cell and closes the plurality of fireproof heat-insulating plate through holes on the fireproof heat-insulating plate.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the bracket is provided with a recess for mounting the fire protection and insulation panel.

According to some embodiments of the invention, two recesses are provided on a face of the first bracket facing away from the second bracket, and one recess is provided on a face of the second bracket facing away from the first bracket, wherein one recess on the second bracket is located between two recesses on the first bracket in a length direction of the battery module.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the battery modules are arranged in two groups, the second support of the first group of battery modules is adjacent to and opposite to the second support of the second group of battery modules, and an intermediate heating device is disposed between the second support of the first group of battery modules and the second support of the second group of battery modules.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the intermediate heating device comprises:

the heating plates at the ends are arranged on two sides of the middle plate respectively in the length direction of the battery module, the heating plates at the ends correspond to the convex parts on the second support, and the convex parts on the second support are located on two sides of the concave parts on the second support.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the middle plate corresponds to a recess on the second bracket, and the middle plate and the fireproof heat insulation plate in the recess on the second bracket form a first buffer space, and the first buffer space is communicated with the external environment through a first external through hole on the shell.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second bracket is provided with a first shunting structure adjacent to the first external through hole, and the first shunting structure is configured to shunt gas in the first buffer space and then discharge the gas through the first external through hole.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first shunting structure is a first zigzag-shaped shunting projection.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the fire protection and heat insulation board is further provided with a support pillar, and the support pillar abuts against the middle board to separate the middle board from the fire protection and heat insulation board, so that the first buffer space is formed.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the middle plate is provided with a middle plate through hole, the middle plate through hole is used for connecting the first buffer spaces on two sides of the middle plate, and the middle plate through hole is staggered with the support column.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the intermediate plate has a thickness less than a thickness of the end heating plate.

According to some embodiments of the invention, an insulating and thermally conductive elastic layer is disposed on a surface of the end heating plate.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the battery pack further comprises: the heating device comprises a first heating device and a second heating device, wherein the first heating device is arranged on a first support of a first group of battery modules, and the second heating device is arranged on a first support of a second group of battery modules.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first heating device and the second heating device are of identical construction and each comprise:

the battery module comprises a middle heating plate and end insulating plates, wherein the end insulating plates are positioned on two sides of the middle heating plate in the length direction of the battery module, the middle heating plate corresponds to a convex part on a first support, and the convex part on the first support is positioned between two concave parts on the first support.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the end insulating plate corresponds to a recess on the first support, and the end insulating plate forms a second buffer space with the fireproof and heat insulating plate in the recess on the first support, and the second buffer space is communicated with the external environment through a second external through hole on the housing.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first bracket is provided with a second shunting structure adjacent to the second outer through hole, and the second shunting structure is used for shunting gas in the second buffer space and then discharging the gas through the second outer through hole.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the second shunting structure is a second zigzag-shaped shunting projection.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the rupture disk is a one-way rupture disk.

According to still another aspect of the invention, a vehicle includes the battery pack described above.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an intermediate heating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate heating apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a buffer chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an intermediate plate according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an intermediate plate according to one embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals:

the battery pack 100, the housing 1, the battery module 2, the fireproof thermal insulation board 3, the explosion-proof membrane 4, the support 21, the battery cell 22, the buffer cavity 31, the first support 210, the second support 211, the fireproof thermal insulation board through hole 33, the concave portion 23, the convex portion 24, the intermediate heating device 25, the intermediate plate 251, the end heating plate 252, the first buffer space 12, the first external through hole 11, the first shunting structure 101, the support pillar 32, the intermediate plate through hole 253, the insulating and heat-conducting elastic layer 254, the first group of battery modules 26, the second group of battery modules 27, the first heating device 28, the second heating device 29, the intermediate heating plate 261, the end insulating plate 262, the second buffer space 13, the second external through hole 14, and the second shunting structure 102.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "thickness", "upper", "front", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can communicate with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

A battery pack 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6.

The battery pack 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a case 1, a battery module 2, a fireproof heat-insulating plate 3, and an explosion-proof film 4.

As shown in fig. 1, the battery module 2 is disposed in the case 1 and the battery module 2 includes: support 21 and a plurality of cylindricality battery monomer 22, support 21 includes first support 210 and second support 211, and battery monomer 22 sets up between first support 210 and second support 211, is provided with a plurality of one-to-one concave parts on first support 210 and the second support 211 respectively, and the both ends of battery monomer 22 are fixed respectively in the concave part of first support 210 and the concave part of second support 211. Through setting up support 21 can be better fixed battery cell 22, make battery module 2 structure compacter.

As shown in fig. 4, the fireproof heat insulation board 3 is disposed on the bracket 21 and corresponds to the positive electrode of the battery cell 22, and a buffer cavity 31 is formed between the fireproof heat insulation board 3 and the positive electrode of the battery cell 22. When the single battery 2 is exploded, the fireproof heat insulation plate 3 can effectively block heat, and prevent the large-range explosion phenomenon caused by the surrounding single battery 2. The rupture disk 4 closes the buffer chamber 31. Through setting up rupture membrane 4, when battery monomer 2's positive pole takes place to explode and spouts the phenomenon, buffer chamber 31 can buffer gas impact well, weakens and explodes and spouts the influence, can further absorb the energy of exploding spouting through bursting rupture membrane 4 that rises simultaneously, reduces to the at utmost and explodes the influence of spouting to peripheral battery monomer 2. Preferably, the rupture disk is a one-way rupture disk.

According to the battery pack 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fireproof heat insulation plate 3 and the explosion-proof film 4 are additionally arranged, so that the heat of the battery cells 22 during explosion can be effectively prevented from being transferred and spread outwards, and the safety of the battery pack 100 is further improved.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the fireproof heat insulation plate 3 is provided with a plurality of fireproof heat insulation plate through holes 33, the fireproof heat insulation plate through holes 33 are opposite to the battery cell 22 mounting holes on the bracket 21 to form a buffer cavity 31, and the buffer cavity 31 can effectively alleviate impact of high pressure generated by hot air flow to the battery module when the battery cell 22 is exploded.

The explosion-proof film 4 is laid on the side of the fireproof heat-insulating plate 3 facing away from the battery cells 22 and closes the plurality of fireproof heat-insulating plate through holes 33 on the fireproof heat-insulating plate 3. With reference to the embodiment of fig. 3, when the pressure in the buffer chamber 31 exceeds a certain limit, the rupture disk 4 is first ruptured, so as to reduce the pressure in the buffer chamber 31 and prevent the battery module 2 from exploding.

Referring to fig. 1, the bracket 21 is provided with a concave portion 23, and the concave portion 23 is used for mounting the fireproof heat insulation board 3. The arrangement of the concave portion 23 facilitates the installation of the fireproof heat insulation board 3, makes the structure of the battery module 2 more compact, and prevents the fireproof heat insulation board 3 from protruding outward.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, two recesses 23 are provided on a face of the first holder 210 facing away from the second holder 211, and one recess 23 is provided on a face of the second holder 211 facing away from the first holder 210, wherein the one recess 23 on the second holder 211 is located between the two recesses 23 on the first holder 210 in the length direction of the battery module 2.

As shown in fig. 1, the battery modules 2 are arranged in two groups, the second support 211 of the first group of battery modules 26 is adjacent to and opposite to the second support 211 of the second group of battery modules 27, and the intermediate heating device 25 is arranged between the second support 211 of the first group of battery modules 26 and the second support 211 of the second group of battery modules 27.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the intermediate heating device 25 includes: the intermediate plate 251 and the end heating plates 252 are disposed on both sides of the intermediate plate 251 in the longitudinal direction of the battery module 2, the end heating plates 252 correspond to the protrusions 24 of the second holder 211, and the protrusions 24 of the second holder 211 are disposed on both sides of the recesses 23 of the second holder 211.

With reference to fig. 1, the positive electrode of the battery cell 2 is provided with the fireproof heat insulation board 3, and the fireproof heat insulation board 3 corresponds to the concave portion 23, and if the fireproof heat insulation board 3 can be accommodated in the concave portion 23, the whole battery module can not be bumpy due to the positive electrode provided with the fireproof heat insulation board 3, so that the assembly is affected. And the two sides of the concave part 23 can be convex parts 24 or one convex part 24 is arranged between the two concave parts 23, and the convex part can correspond to the negative pole of the battery monomer 2.

By providing the end heating plate 252 for heating the battery negative electrode at the protruding portion 24, the operating temperature of the battery cell 2 can be effectively raised, for example, in an environment where the temperature is low, the charge/discharge efficiency of the battery cell 2 is poor, and the heating effect can be greatly improved by heating from the negative electrode.

Referring to fig. 1, the middle plate 251 corresponds to the recess 23 of the second bracket 211, and the middle plate 251 and the fireproof heat insulation board 3 in the recess 23 of the second bracket 211 form a first buffer space 12, and the first buffer space 12 communicates with the external environment through the first external through hole 11 of the housing 1.

With reference to the embodiment of fig. 1, when the pressure of the first buffer space 12 increases due to the explosion of the battery cells 22, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the first buffer space 12 will burst the rupture membrane 4 and be exhausted to the external environment through the first external through hole 11, so as to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from damaging the battery module 2.

The second bracket 211 is provided with a first shunting structure 101 adjacent to the first external through hole 11, and the first shunting structure 101 is used for shunting the gas in the first buffer space 12 and then discharging the gas through the first external through hole 11.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first shunting structure 101 is a first zigzag shunting protrusion, so that the structure is simple and the shunting effect is stable.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the fire-proof insulation board 3 is further provided with a support column 32, and the support column 32 abuts against the middle board 251 to space the middle board 251 from the fire-proof insulation board 3, thereby forming the first buffer space 12.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the middle plate 251 is provided with a middle plate through hole 253, the middle plate through hole 253 is used for connecting the first buffer space 12 at both sides of the middle plate 251, and the middle plate through hole 253 is staggered from the support column 32. In this way, after the explosion of the single battery 2 on one side, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the first buffer space 12 on the side, and the middle plate 251 is provided with the middle plate through hole 253 for communicating the first buffer spaces 12 on the two sides, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure explosion gas can enter the first buffer space 12 on the opposite side, and the buffer effect is improved.

As shown in fig. 2, the thickness of the middle plate 251 is smaller than that of the end heating plate 252. Thus, the volume of the first buffer space 12 is relatively larger, and the buffering effect is good.

An insulating and thermally conductive elastic layer 254 is disposed on the surface of the end heating plate 252. Optionally, the insulating and thermally conductive elastic layer 254 may be a silicone thermal pad.

As shown in fig. 1, the battery pack further includes a first heating device 28 and a second heating device 29, the first heating device 28 being disposed on the first holder 210 of the first group of battery modules 26, and the second heating device 29 being disposed on the first holder 210 of the second group of battery modules 27.

The first heating device 28 and the second heating device 29 are of identical construction and each comprise: and end insulating plates 262, the end insulating plates 262 being positioned at both sides of the middle heating plate 261 in the length direction of the battery module 2, the middle heating plate 261 corresponding to the protrusions 24 on the first support 210, the protrusions 24 on the first support 210 being positioned between the two recesses 23 on the first support 210. Like this, end insulating board 262 corresponds the fire prevention heat insulating board, and middle hot plate 261 corresponds the battery monomer negative pole of convex part 24 department, when the battery monomer needs to heat, transfers heat from the negative pole to battery monomer 2 through middle hot plate 261, and the heating effect is better.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the end insulating plate 262 corresponds to the recess 23 of the first bracket 210, the end insulating plate 262 forms a second buffer space 13 with the fire-proof insulating plate 3 in the recess 23 of the first bracket 210, and the second buffer space 13 communicates with the external environment through the second external through hole 14 of the case 1. With reference to the embodiment of fig. 1, when the pressure of the second buffer space 13 increases due to the explosion of the battery cells 22, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the second buffer space 13 will burst the rupture membrane 4 and be exhausted to the external environment through the second external through hole 14, so as to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from damaging the battery module 2.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first bracket 210 is provided with a second shunting structure 102 adjacent to the second outer through hole 14, and the second shunting structure 102 is configured to shunt the gas in the second buffer space 13 and then discharge the gas through the second outer through hole 14.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second shunting structure 102 is a second zigzag shunting protrusion, so that the structure is simple and the shunting effect is stable.

In general, according to the battery pack 100 of some preferred embodiments of the present invention, by adding the fireproof heat insulation board 3 and the explosion-proof film 4, the heat transfer and spread of the battery cells 22 can be effectively prevented, and thus the safety of the battery pack 100 is improved.

In addition, a vehicle according to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention includes the battery pack 100 described in the above embodiment. Other configurations of the vehicle, such as transmissions, braking systems, steering systems, etc., are known in the art and well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described in detail herein.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack, comprising:

a housing;

the battery module, the battery module sets up just in the casing the battery module includes: the battery pack comprises a bracket and a plurality of cylindrical battery monomers, wherein the bracket comprises a first bracket and a second bracket, and the battery monomers are arranged between the first bracket and the second bracket;

the fireproof heat insulation plate is arranged on the support and corresponds to the positive electrode of the single battery, and a buffer cavity is formed between the fireproof heat insulation plate and the positive electrode of the single battery;

the explosion-proof membrane seals the buffer cavity;

the fireproof heat insulation plate is provided with a plurality of fireproof heat insulation plate through holes, and the fireproof heat insulation plate through holes are opposite to the battery monomer mounting holes on the bracket to form the buffer cavity;

the bracket is provided with a concave part, and the concave part is used for mounting the fireproof heat insulation plate;

two concave parts are arranged on the surface of the first bracket, which is far away from the second bracket, and one concave part is arranged on the surface of the second bracket, which is far away from the first bracket, wherein one concave part on the second bracket is positioned between the two concave parts on the first bracket in the length direction of the battery module;

the battery modules are arranged in two groups in parallel, the second support of the first group of battery modules is adjacent to and opposite to the second support of the second group of battery modules, and an intermediate heating device is arranged between the second support of the first group of battery modules and the second support of the second group of battery modules;

the intermediate heating device includes: the heating plates at the ends are arranged on two sides of the middle plate respectively in the length direction of the battery module, the heating plates at the ends correspond to the convex parts on the second support, and the convex parts on the second support are located on two sides of the concave parts on the second support.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the explosion-proof film is laid on a side of the fireproof heat insulation board facing away from the battery cells and closes the plurality of fireproof heat insulation board through holes on the fireproof heat insulation board.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate plate corresponds to a recess of the second support, and the intermediate plate and the fireproof heat insulation plate in the recess of the second support form a first buffer space, and the first buffer space is communicated with the external environment through a first external through hole of the case.

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the second bracket is provided with a first shunting structure adjacent to the first external through hole, and the first shunting structure is configured to shunt gas in the first buffer space and then discharge the gas through the first external through hole.

5. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein the first shunting structure is a first saw-tooth shaped shunting projection.

6. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the fireproof thermal insulation board is further provided with a support pillar abutting against the intermediate board to space the intermediate board from the fireproof thermal insulation board, thereby forming the first buffer space.

7. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the middle plate is provided with a middle plate through hole for connecting the first buffer spaces at both sides of the middle plate, and the middle plate through hole is staggered from the support column.

8. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the intermediate plate has a thickness smaller than that of the end heating plate.

9. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the end heating plate is provided on a surface thereof with an insulating and thermally conductive elastic layer.

10. The battery pack of claim 1, further comprising: the heating device comprises a first heating device and a second heating device, wherein the first heating device is arranged on a first support of a first group of battery modules, and the second heating device is arranged on a first support of a second group of battery modules.

11. The battery pack according to claim 10, wherein the first heating device and the second heating device are identical in configuration and each include:

12. The battery pack of claim 11, wherein the end insulating plate corresponds to a recess of the first support, and the end insulating plate forms a second buffer space with the fireproof and heat insulating plate in the recess of the first support, and the second buffer space communicates with the external environment through a second external through hole of the case.

13. The battery pack according to claim 12, wherein the first bracket is provided with a second flow dividing structure adjacent to the second outer through hole, and the second flow dividing structure is configured to divide the gas in the second buffer space and discharge the gas through the second outer through hole.

14. The battery pack of claim 13, wherein the second shunting structure is a second saw-tooth shaped shunting projection.

15. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the rupture disk is a unidirectional rupture disk.

16. A vehicle characterized by comprising a battery pack according to any one of claims 1-15.