CN107091773A - A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig and its test method - Google Patents
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig and its test method, belong to erosion resistance testses technical field.The experimental rig of the present invention, including compressed air auxiliary power mechanism, sample erosion mechanism and confession pulp grinder structure composition, the compressed air auxiliary power mechanism include compression gas tank；The sample erosion mechanism includes nozzle and sample chamber；The confession pulp grinder structure includes the slurry tank and grinding fluid pump by pipeline communication；The compression gas tank is communicated by tracheae and nozzle；The grinding fluid pump is communicated by grinding fluid pipe and nozzle；In sample built in the sample chamber, the nozzle insertion sample chamber, jet hole is just to sample.The present apparatus uses slurry abrasive material, and using grinding fluid pump as output power, compressed air can be achieved a wide range of regulation and control of erosion slurry speed, be conducive to the simulation and detection of specific military service operating mode as supplement power.Solve erosion resistance testses coating material sample library size big, the problem of coating flatness is difficult to control to.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to erosion resistance testses technical field, more particularly to a kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig
And its test method.
Background technology
Abrasion is one of three kinds of main causes (abrasion, corrosion and fatigue) of metal parts failure.Economy caused by it
Loss is very huge, the numeral that such as U.S. is announced for 1981, and it is beautiful that the loss caused every year due to abrasion is up to 100,000,000,000
Member.Wherein material consumption is about 20,000,000,000 dollars, equivalent to the 7% of material annual production.Because material wear ability is poor, China is big
The Loss of Life for measuring fundamental parts is generally significantly less than the level of external advanced product, therefore direct and indirect economic loss
It is also very surprising.Only with regard to metallurgical mine, agricultural machinery, coal, electric power and the incomplete statistics of five industrial departments of building materials, often
Year merely due to abrasive wear and the spare part that requires supplementation with are just up to 1,000,000 tons of steel, equivalent to 15~2,000,000,000 RMB.It is and for example mechanical
Industrial annual steel used, there are about half is consumed in the production of spare part, and the major part in spare part is due to the abrasion longevity
Life is high and fails, and such as from about 40% agricultural machinery and implement spare part is due to what abrasive wear was consumed, about 30% seamless steel tube for boiler be by
Failed in corrosive wear.Blade is because of high-speed job, under cyclic thermal stres effect, hot tortoise caused by Yi Fashengyin heat fatigues
Split, surface layer peeling and impeller axle fracture, surface abrasion etc..
Large fan, is the capital equipment of pulverized coal conveying in power boiler breeze manufacture system.And draught fan impeller is wind
" heart " of machine, draught fan impeller is washed away by coal dust in process of production, causes abrasion, when abrasion runs up to certain journey
Degree, the efficiency of blower fan will be had a strong impact on, causes blower fan to shake, shorten blower fan service life, bring blower fan frequent maintenance or
Update, improve production cost.Repairing the major processes of draught fan impeller at present has manual build up welding wear resistance electrode pasted with ceramic veneer piece
With oxygen, acetylene torch spray etc..These methods, improve the service life of blower fan, but lack there is also some to a certain extent
Point, abrasion resistant effect is not ideal.Plasma spray technology, particularly supersonic spray coating technology, the coating of preparation have corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting
The characteristic of damage, is a kind of to solve that the medium-and-large-sized draught fan impeller of power industry is corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant problem effectively economic means.Wind
Machine conveys the medium air containing 5%~10% coal dust, in the course of the work, and because the rotating speed of impeller is high, pulverized coal particle is easy
It is intended to the working face of blade, so as to increase the abrasion (based on erosive wear) of blade, therefore, not only requires draught fan impeller leaf
The coating on piece surface, with higher bond strength, good wearability, moreover, coating also has preferably with blade base
Bond strength.
In addition to wear out failure, the roll with coating structure is also faced with because coating is peeled off with reference to caused by bad with matrix
Etc. failure mode.When coating and matrix have bubble, slag inclusion, layering, often face crack can be triggered before normal wear failure
Or surface peel off etc. failure.Because blade is under the influence of itself residual tension and cyclic thermal stres, anchoring strength of coating with
And coating surface homogeneity of ingredients deficiency causes roll coating material thermal shock resistance not good enough.Sometimes, roll is actually being manufactured
During, often occur micro-crack when coating material is combined bad with matrix, micro-crack occurs climing under the conditions of cyclic thermal stres
Prolong extension, so that peel off, or even body of roll fracture.Therefore, coating material is selected and preparation technology is very important shadow
The factor of sound.
The application of coating material, making the abrasion reparation of fan blade turns into a kind of conventional selection, but the selection of coating material
Determination with coating thickness and spraying method needs the coating material sample library of tissue batch to carry out detection experiment, therefore, pin
Big, the features such as coating flatness is difficult to control to coating material sample library size, if the dress of one erosion resistance tests of design
Put, be the technical problem that technical staff needs to consider.
Through retrieval, Chinese patent application, publication number：CN205426702U, publication date：2018.08.03, one kind is disclosed
The friction wear testing machine of experiment can be carried out rotating, belong to abrasion tester technical field.The fretting wear of the utility model
Testing machine, including base, the drive mechanism and upper fixture that are fixed on base, described drive mechanism include the electricity being sequentially connected
Machine, reductor and power transmission shaft, wherein, lower test specimen to be tested is annular and is fixedly installed in the output end of power transmission shaft, described
Upper fixture be correspondingly arranged at the top of lower test specimen, upper test specimen to be tested is fixedly linked with clamping block, and clamping block is fixed on
In the neck of fixture.The utility model is improved on the basis of existing oscillating rectilinear motion friction wear testing machine
Arrive, rotational slide wear process of the multi-form friction pair under different contact conditions can be simulated, so as to preferably
The actual wear operating mode reflected between sinking roller sliding bearing axle sleeve and bearing shell.The utility model can only be to sinking roller fretting wear
Tested, for draught fan impeller, the experiment of its erosion-wear-resisting is more necessary.
The content of the invention
1. the invention technical problem to be solved
Big for there is erosion resistance testses coating material sample library size in the prior art, coating flatness is difficult to control
Processed the problem of, the invention provides a kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig and its test method.It is by using slurry
Body abrasive material, can effectively reduce environmental pollution, realize that multigroup sample is synchronously detected, can greatly promote erosive wear analysis efficiency with
And accuracy of detection.
2. technical scheme
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is：
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig, including compressed air auxiliary power mechanism, sample erosion mechanism
And for pulp grinder structure composition, the compressed air auxiliary power mechanism includes compression gas tank；The sample erosion mechanism includes
Nozzle and sample chamber；The confession pulp grinder structure includes the slurry tank and grinding fluid pump by pipeline communication；The compression gas tank passes through
Tracheae and nozzle are communicated；The grinding fluid pump is communicated by grinding fluid pipe and nozzle；Sample built in the sample chamber, the nozzle insertion
In sample chamber, jet hole is just to sample.The present apparatus uses slurry abrasive material, and using grinding fluid pump as output power, compressed air is made
For supplement power, a wide range of regulation and control of erosion slurry speed can be achieved, are conducive to the simulation and detection of specific military service operating mode.
Further technical scheme, nozzle and tracheae, grinding fluid pipe are linked together by three-way pipe；Built in the slurry tank
Stirring vane on agitator, agitator stretches to slurry pot bottom, it is ensured that slurry it is uniform；The external pressure of grinding fluid pipe and nozzle
Power table, shows slurry flow velocity, then can control slurry flow velocity by adjusting grinding fluid pump power.
Further technical scheme, sample chamber bottom is communicated by external return duct and slurry tank, and slurry is recycled, and is kept away
Exempt to waste and pollute environment.
Further technical scheme, nozzle is in venturi nozzle arrangements；Port is that external compression is empty at multigroup nozzle, trunnion
Gas import, the external grinding fluid pipe of slurry passage of tail end；External gas pressure-regulating valve in the air inlet pipe of compressed air inlet.Literary mound
In the tapered entrances of nozzle arrangements there is certain boundling to act on, trunnion design can strengthen the erosion ability of slurry, while also may be used
So that its more uniformly spreading on nozzle cross-section.Slurry is drawn into pipeline through grinding fluid pump, before nozzle is entered, compressed gas
The overcompression air intlet that circulates enters, and produces the turbulent diffusion effect in boundary layer, will occur energy with the slurry that grinding fluid pumping takes
And momentum-exchange, so that mixed slurry is more uniformly spread.
Further technical scheme, multigroup nozzle is made up of some nozzle micropores arranged in array pattern, reduces mixing
Area (being similar to trunnion) length, and the injection erosion of each micropore is kept relative uniformity.
A kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig, step is：
A, fixed sample：Just aim at nozzle and fix sample；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator, the slurry agitation in slurry tank is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump extracts slurry out from slurry tank, is transported to by grinding fluid pipe
At nozzle；Meanwhile, compression gas tank is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle to sample high speed erosion.Due to slurry
Erosive wear to specimen surface depends on bleed type, number, distribution and jet length, compressed air and grinding fluid pump
Interaction etc..Fully take into account ejection efficiency and ensure that the injection of each nozzle is not interfered, number of nozzle and point
Cloth can be calculated according to Inner Flow Simulation method, and jet length is subject to really according to jet size and diffusion inclination angle
It is fixed.Erosion speed can be adjusted by grinding fluid pump operation power and compressed air pressure, and its speed is by analytical unit
By the slurry flow of nozzle in time, and divided by nozzle cross-sectional area it is calculated.In sample chamber, sample can pass through
Fixture is fixed in rotatable fixed plate, and the anglec of rotation can be measured by angular instrument, rotates fixed plate, it is possible to achieve no
Erosion is carried out to sample with angle.Because nozzle is designed using Venturi tube structure, it is certain that rear end diffuser has injection slurry
Inclination angle, therefore, sample erosion area can be finely adjusted according to the adjustment of jet length.
Further test method, sample is the fan blade after surface reconditioning, and its reparation step is：
Step 1: blade surface is pre-processed：
A, the abrading section of blade polished, rear reconditioning is welded with new material in the part of damage so that each portion
Position reaches regulation requirement；
B, the greasy dirt for removing blade surface, rust stain, oxide skin welding slag particle；
C, face to be sprayed is cleaned with cleaning agent；
D, magnetic powder inspection processing is carried out to all weld seam, to determine the critical defects such as blade flawless；
E, blade sprayed before roughening treatment, to improve coating adhesion and adhesion；
Step 2: the preheating before spraying：Blade is placed in preheating device and carries out the pre-heat treatment, to eliminate surface to be sprayed
Moisture and moisture, improve the interface temperature that is contacted with workpiece of spraying particle, coating stress of the reduction caused by workpiece thermal expansion,
Improve the bond strength of coating and matrix；
Step 3: supersonic spray coating：
A, the sprayed layer undercoat floating ashes for removing bottoming layer surface after NiAl material bottoming with wire brush；
B, spray coating operations layer；
Step 4: sealing pores：Sealing pores are carried out to sprayed metal coating using brush or the method for spraying.For reduction coating
Hole, improves wearability, corrosion resistance, the impact resistance of coating, it is necessary to carry out sealing pores to sprayed metal coating.It can select
With type phenolic resin is air-dried as sealing material, its continuous operating temperature is at 145~205 DEG C.Using brush or the method for spray,
It is diluted during spraying with ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon and absolute ethyl alcohol as diluent, is then being air-dried 30~60min, 1~5h
Realization is fully cured.
In further test method, the step e of step one, roughening treatment is carried out with the special diamond dust of 24# thermal sprayings；Step
In rapid two, the temperature control of preheating is at 80~100 DEG C；In step 3, with NiAl material bottoming, its thickness is 0.08~
0.12mm, can eliminate the unmatched problem of material thermal expansion coefficient between wear-resisting working lining and blade basic unit, to reduce by work
Make layer and the blade basic unit coefficient of expansion mismatch caused by thermal stress, improve mechanical matching between working lining and blade basic unit and
Physical compatibility；Working lining is WC-12Co composite coatings, and 0.15~0.18mm, wear-resistant, corrosion resistance is stronger；Or NiCr-
Cr3C2Composite coating, 0.20~0.22mm, NiCr alloys have the performances such as excellent heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant, resistance to high temperature oxidation, also rise
To the effect of Binder Phase, Cr3C2With preferable high temperature hardness and high temperature oxidation resistance, play hard phase, in the coating also
Primarily serve the effect of second phase particles dispersion-strengtherning, can solve the problem that blade under the complex working condition of erosive wear easily loss,
The problem of service life is relatively low.Moreover, NiCr-Cr3C2With the linear expansion coefficient close with blade, so as to substantially reduce because
Thermal shock and the disbonding that causes or even fail；In step 4, sealing material, will during spraying to be air-dried type phenolic resin
It is diluted with ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon and absolute ethyl alcohol as diluent；In the NiAl materials, Ni contents are that 93~97%, Al contains
The oxidation of alloy-layer can be suppressed for 3~7%, Al by measuring, but too high Al amounts can bring extra fragility, and Ni reacts with Al,
Intermetallic compound is generated, and discharges amount of heat, makes bond coating and blade substrate surface formation micro metallurgic bonding, so that
Improve bond coating and the bond strength of blade basic unit；The NiCr-Cr3C2In composite coating, Cr3C2Content is 70~80%,
NiCr is 20~30%, the NiCr tack coats and NiCr-Cr of the two percentage ranges3C2Cermet has preferably mutually molten
Property, wherein Cr3C2Content is generally that 75%, NiCr is 25%, subsequently through the detection of the characterizing methods such as wearability, can be proved to be
Optimal proportion；The Cr3C2Preparation method be：
1) mix：Ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder are placed in distilled water or deionized water, mixed equal
Even is in flow-like, and it is in presoma to add compressing in mould；In bulk after compacting, anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2) it is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly, the anxious purpose frozen is when as short as possible
Between in allow fluid freeze, ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder to be positioned rapidly after stirring, with prevent block fluid by
It is layered in the difference of density, causes the skewness of chromium source and carbon source after follow-up frozen dried, and causes carburizing reagent uneven
The adverse consequences of weighing apparatus；
3) freeze：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, the bulk after freezing
Body is many micropore shape honeycomb blocks formed after hydrone distils, and Volume Changes are small, and uniform chromium source and carbon source positioning will not
Change, moreover, in freeze-drying process, following reaction occurs in drying process for ammonium dichromate powder at low temperature：
(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)=Cr2O3(s)+N2↑+4H2O (2-1)；
4) it is carbonized：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, heating carries out carbonizing reduction reaction and nanometer Cr is made3C2Powder.With
The high oxide of chromium is gradually reduced into the low oxide of chromium by the rise of temperature, carbon, carbon source that position is fixed and its around
Also relatively-stationary chromium source is reacted for position, ultimately generates uniform chromium carbide, but also be nano level chromium carbide；Due to
The uniformity of blocks micropore after lyophilized, the absorption of heat is also than more uniform in reaction, so as to realize obtained epigranular
Nano level chromium carbide purpose；
3Cr2O3(s)+13C (s)=2Cr3C2(s)+9CO (2-2)；
3(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)+13C (s)=2Cr3C2(s)+9CO+12H2O+3N2↑ (2-3) (W-response process).
Further test method, step 1) in, the proportioning of ammonium dichromate and nanometer carbon black powder is 1：(0.17~
0.21), the residual to prevent blocking source or chromium source excessively；Distilled water or deionized water consumption are：The 55%~60% of powder gross weight,
It is suitable fluid completed state scope for the uniform mixing of ammonium dichromate and nanometer carbon black powder；Step 2) in it is anxious
It is -100~-140 DEG C to freeze temperature, and the time is 30~150min, to reach the rapid and thorough effect for forming blocks；Step 3)
In, lyophilized technique curve is：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, 2 DEG C/min of heating slope, 100 DEG C are kept for 30~40 minutes, are evacuated to
Within 60Pa；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 80~85 DEG C/min, is kept for 50~60 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 50~65 DEG C/min, are kept for 80~200 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa；It is lyophilized
During, the relative low temperature state of material is kept, prevents that reaction is excessively strong and causes reaction uneven.
Step 4) in, it is warming up to 900~1200 DEG C of progress carbonizing reductions.
Further test method, in addition to step 5：After sealing of hole laser remolten PROCESS FOR TREATMENT, laser are carried out with laser
Power is 900~1000W, and sweep speed is 550~600mm/min, 10 × 3mm of spot size.
3. beneficial effect
The technical scheme provided using the present invention, compared with prior art, is had the advantages that：
(1) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, using slurry abrasive material, can effectively reduce environment dirty
Dye, fully inherits the advantage of slurry erosion wear testing equipment, while introducing number and the adjustable multiinjector design side in position
Case, can be achieved multigroup sample and synchronously detects, will greatly promote erosive wear analysis efficiency and accuracy of detection；Meanwhile, using mill
Liquid pump can be achieved a wide range of regulation and control of erosion slurry speed as supplement power, be conducive to tool as output power, compressed air
The simulation and detection of body military service operating mode；Nozzle is designed, and can effectively be reduced that single injector erosion area is small, be rushed in asynchronous detection process
The more low problem of accuracy of detection caused by erosion process changes；(it can be achieved many relative to swing-arm type tester for testing scouring wear
The detection and analysis of group sample), multiple nozzle spraying formula slurry erosion wear experimental rig is less demanding to sample, and erosion speed
Can precise determination, impact angle is adjustable；
(2) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, grinding fluid pump is by the slurry stirred from slurry tank
It is middle to extract out, it is pipelined at nozzle, slurry flow velocity can be controlled by adjusting grinding fluid pump power；Compressed air is as auxiliary
Power-assist power, on the one hand can effective injection slurry, it is to avoid high viscosity paste transports blocking, improves its dispersing uniformity, the opposing party
Face can improve and regulate and control slurry injection erosion speed；Slurry is sprayed to specimen surface from nozzle, and erosive wear is caused to sample,
Final slurry is back in resin tank by sample chamber bottom pipe to be recycled；
(3) in injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, sample chamber, sample is fixed on by fixture to be revolved
In the fixed plate turned, the anglec of rotation can be measured by angular instrument, rotate fixed plate, it is possible to achieve different angles are entered to sample
Row erosion.Because nozzle is designed using Venturi tube structure, rear end diffuser makes injection slurry have certain inclination angle, therefore, sample
Erosion area can be finely adjusted according to the adjustment of jet length；
(4) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, for the sample fan blade of spray-on coating,
It is transition zone to spray NiAl as metal bonding coating in blade basic unit, can be eliminated between antiwear heat resisting working lining and blade basic unit
The unmatched problem of material thermal expansion coefficient, should to reduce the heat as caused by being mismatched working lining and the blade basic unit coefficient of expansion
Power, improves the mechanical matching and physical compatibility between working lining and blade basic unit；NiCr alloys also have excellent heat-resisting, corrosion resistant
The performances such as erosion, resistance to high temperature oxidation, also act as the effect of Binder Phase, Cr3C2With preferable Anti-erosion abrasiveness, hard phase is played
Effect, also primarily serves the effect of second phase particles dispersion-strengtherning, can detect blade under high temperature complex working condition in the coating
Easily loss, the problem of service life is relatively low.Moreover, NiCr-Cr3C2With the linear expansion coefficient close with blade, so as to big
Disbonding or even fail that big reduction erosive wear is impacted and caused；
(5) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, the restriction of sample membranous layer ingredient proportioning, Al can press down
The oxidation of alloyage layer, but too high Al amounts can bring extra fragility, and Ni reacts with Al, generates intermetallic compound, and
Amount of heat is discharged, makes bond coating and blade substrate surface formation micro metallurgic bonding, so as to improve bond coating and blade
The bond strength of basic unit, Al content has taken into account both sides factor for 3~7% restriction；And the coating of Al content 6.5%, warp
Contrast test, it is better；Cr3C2Content is that 70~80%, NiCr is 20~30%, what the two percentage ranges were limited
NiCr tack coats and NiCr-Cr3C2Cermet has preferably mutual fusibleness, wherein Cr3C2Content is generally that 75%, NiCr is
25%, subsequently through the detection of the characterizing methods such as wearability, optimal proportion can be proved to be；
(6) in a kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, fan blade coating, especially Cr3C2's
Prepared by lyophilized technique, forerunner's blocks after freezing is many micropore shape honeycomb blocks formed after hydrone distils, Volume Changes
Small, uniform chromium source and carbon source positioning will not change, and the carbon source and its peripheral location that position is fixed are also relatively-stationary
Chromium source is reacted, and ultimately generates uniform chromium carbide, but also be nano level chromium carbide；Due to lyophilized rear blocks micropore
The absorption of heat is also than more uniform in the uniformity of hole, reaction, so as to realize obtained even-grained nano level chromium carbide
Purpose；
(7) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, the use of sample fraction lyophilized technique makes dichromic acid
The proportioning of ammonium and nanometer carbon black powder limits scope can carry out as far as possible accurate determine according to chemical equation, it is to avoid excessive
Impurity, the excessive residual of carbon source or chromium source can be prevented and film quality is influenceed；
(8) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, Cr3C2Freeze-drying process in, the model of temperature of heating plate
Restriction is enclosed, the relative low temperature state (being less than heating plate temperature) of material can be kept, prevents that reaction is excessively strong and causes reaction not
Uniformly；
(9) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, sample is sprayed with HVOF methods, due to polynary
Various composition in alloy coat, can be made nano level granularity, therefore, be sprayed with HVOF (supersonic spray coating) method
Apply, effect is more obvious, and obtained alloy coat adhesive force is stronger, and the porosity of coating is smaller；
(10) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, it is various in sample spraying pre-treatment and spraying
Technological parameter, is that inventor combines nanoscale powder material produced by the present invention, is carrying out various data acquisitions, analysis, summary
Deng obtaining on the basis of creative work, the intensity of obtained coating reaches more than 80MPa, and hardness reaches more than 1200HV, hole
Gap rate is below 1%, and the more conventional coating of service life improves more than 1 times；Moreover, in hardness test：NiCr/Cr3C2- 20NiCr is applied
Layer is by interface to facing surface, and microhardness is stepped up, up to 1363.3HV；Constant tiredness erosion to fan blade
Solid foundation has been established in Wear Test Data collection；
(11) injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the invention, sample laser remolten technique can make coating and base material
Metallurgical binding is formed, the metallographic structure of its alloy-layer has fine and closely woven needle-like or dendritic eutectic structure, improves metallic atom
Affinity, and then further increase coating and base material combination degree.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig structural representation of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the nozzle arrangements schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is structural representation after the array type nozzle amplification in embodiment.
In figure：1st, nozzle；2nd, compression gas tank；3rd, sample chamber；4th, sample；5th, agitator；6th, slurry tank；7th, return duct；
8th, stirring vane；9th, pressure gauge；10th, grinding fluid pump；11st, multigroup nozzle；12nd, compressed air inlet；13rd, gas pressure regulating valve；
14th, slurry passage；111st, nozzle micropore.
Embodiment
To further appreciate that present disclosure, the present invention is described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing (note：As do not indicated especially,
Content is expressed as weight content in embodiment).
Embodiment 1
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, as shown in figure 1, dynamic including compressed air auxiliary
Force mechanisms, sample erosion mechanism and confession pulp grinder structure composition, the compressed air auxiliary power mechanism include compression gas tank 2；
The sample erosion mechanism includes nozzle 1 and sample chamber 3；The confession pulp grinder structure includes the slurry tank 6 and mill by pipeline communication
Liquid pump 10；The compression gas tank 2 is communicated by tracheae and nozzle 1；The grinding fluid pump 10 is communicated by grinding fluid pipe and nozzle 1；
In sample 4 built in the sample chamber 3, the insertion of nozzle 1 sample chamber 3,1 mouthful of nozzle is just to sample 4；Built in the slurry tank 6
Stirring vane 8 on agitator 5, agitator 5 stretches to the bottom of slurry tank 6, it is ensured that slurry it is uniform.
A kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, step is：
A, fixed sample 4：Just aim at nozzle 1 and fix sample 4；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator 5, the slurry agitation in slurry tank 6 is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump 10 extracts slurry out from slurry tank 6, is conveyed by grinding fluid pipe
To at nozzle 1；Meanwhile, compression gas tank 2 is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle 1 to the high speed erosion of sample 4.
The present apparatus uses slurry abrasive material, and using grinding fluid pump as output power, compressed air can be achieved as supplement power
The a wide range of regulation and control of erosion slurry speed, are conducive to the simulation and detection of specific military service operating mode.
Because slurry depends on the type of nozzle 1, number, distribution and jet length to the erosive wear on the surface of sample 4
From, compressed air and the interaction of grinding fluid pump 10 etc..Fully take into account ejection efficiency and ensure that phase does not occur for each nozzle injection
Mutually interference, the number of nozzle 1 and distribution can be calculated according to Inner Flow Simulation method, and jet length is according to nozzle
Size and diffusion inclination angle are determined.
Embodiment 2
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, basic structure be the same as Example 1, different and improvement
Part is：Nozzle 1, tracheae and grinding fluid pipe are linked together by three-way pipe；The external pressure gauge 9 of grinding fluid pipe and nozzle 1, shows
Show slurry flow velocity, then slurry flow velocity can be controlled by adjusting grinding fluid pump power.The bottom of sample chamber 3 passes through the external He of return duct 7
Slurry tank 6 is communicated, and slurry is recycled, it is to avoid wasted and pollution environment.
A kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, step is：
A, fixed sample 4：Just aim at nozzle 1 and fix sample 4；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator 5, the slurry agitation in slurry tank 6 is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump 10 extracts slurry out from slurry tank 6, is conveyed by grinding fluid pipe
To at nozzle 1；Meanwhile, compression gas tank 2 is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle 1 to the high speed erosion of sample 4.Punching
Erosion speed can be run power by grinding fluid pump 10 and is adjusted according to the data of pressure gauge 9, and its speed is by analytical unit
By the slurry flow of nozzle 1 in time, and divided by nozzle 1 cross-sectional area it is calculated.
D, backflow of slurry：The slurry sprayed toward sample 4 is dropped to after sample chamber 3, is rolled into by return duct 7 in slurry tank 6, examination
Specimen chamber 3 can be designed to closing in shape bottom, and return duct 7 is communicated with closing in, facilitate the circulating collection of slurry.
Embodiment 3
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, basic structure be the same as Example 2, different and improvement
Part is：As shown in Fig. 2 nozzle 1 is in venturi nozzle arrangements；Port is external compressed air at multigroup nozzle 11, trunnion
Import 12, the external grinding fluid pipe of slurry passage 14 of tail end；External gas pressure-regulating valve in the air inlet pipe of compressed air inlet 12
13.There is the tapered entrance of Venturi nozzle structure certain boundling to act on, and trunnion design can strengthen the erosion ability of slurry, together
When can also make its more uniformly spreading on the section of nozzle 1.Slurry is drawn into pipeline through grinding fluid pump 10, is entering nozzle
Before 1, compressed air stream is entered by compressed air inlet 12, is produced the turbulent diffusion effect in boundary layer, will be extracted with grinding fluid pump 10
Slurry occur energy and momentum-exchange so that mixed slurry is more uniformly spread.
Embodiment 4
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, basic structure be the same as Example 3, different and improvement
Part is：Multigroup nozzle 11 is made up of some nozzle micropores 111 arranged in array pattern, as shown in figure 3, multigroup nozzle 11
Can be in endian format, 4 nozzle micropores 111 of interior display per lattice can reduce mixed zone (being similar to trunnion) length, and make each
The injection erosion of micropore keeps relative uniformity.In sample chamber 3, sample 4 can be fixed on rotatable fixed plate by fixture
On, the anglec of rotation can be measured by angular instrument, rotate fixed plate, it is possible to achieve different angles carry out erosion to sample.By
Designed in nozzle using Venturi tube structure, rear end diffuser makes injection slurry have certain inclination angle, and therefore, sample erosion area can
It is finely adjusted with the adjustment according to jet length.
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, can apply to the endian format shown in table 1
The experiment of coating material sample library.
The specific composition proportion of endian format coating material sample library of table 1
A kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, step is：
A, fixed sample 4：Endian format coating material sample library shown in table 1 is fixed on by fixture rotatable solid
In fixed board, the anglec of rotation can be measured by angular instrument, rotate fixed plate, it is possible to achieve different angles are rushed to sample
Erosion, during regulation, makes endian format coating material sample library be directed at the nozzle micropore 111 of endian format array pattern arrangement；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator 5, the slurry agitation in slurry tank 6 is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump 10 extracts slurry out from slurry tank 6, is conveyed by grinding fluid pipe
To nozzle micropore 111；Meanwhile, compression gas tank 2 is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle micropore 111 to nine grids
Formula coating material sample library high speed erosion.Erosion speed can be run power by grinding fluid pump 10 and be entered according to the data of pressure gauge 9
Row regulation, its speed be by the slurry flow in the analytical unit time by nozzle 1, and divided by nozzle 1 cross-sectional area meter
Obtained by calculation.
D, backflow of slurry：The slurry sprayed toward sample 4 is dropped to after sample chamber 3, is rolled into by return duct 7 in slurry tank 6, examination
Specimen chamber 3 can be designed to closing in shape bottom, and return duct 7 is communicated with closing in, facilitate the circulating collection of slurry.
Embodiment 5 designs 8 fan blade coatings and 1 sinking roller coating to embodiment 14 altogether, and uses injecting type with this
Slurry erosion wear experimental rig is detected.
Embodiment 5
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, basic structure be the same as Example 4, applied to surface
The detection of fan blade sample after reparation, the reparation step of fan blade is：
Step 1: blade surface is pre-processed：
A, the abrading section of blade polished, rear reconditioning is welded with new material in the part of damage so that each portion
Position reaches regulation requirement；
B, the greasy dirt for removing blade surface, rust stain, oxide skin welding slag particle；
C, face to be sprayed is cleaned with cleaning agent；
D, magnetic powder inspection processing is carried out to all weld seam, to determine the critical defects such as blade flawless；
E, blade sprayed before roughening treatment, to improve coating adhesion and adhesion；
Step 2: the preheating before spraying：Blade is placed in preheating device and carries out the pre-heat treatment, to eliminate surface to be sprayed
Moisture and moisture, improve the interface temperature that is contacted with workpiece of spraying particle, coating stress of the reduction caused by workpiece thermal expansion,
Improve the bond strength of coating and matrix；The temperature control of preheating is at 100 DEG C or so；
Step 3: supersonic spray coating：
A, sprayed layer undercoat NiAl material bottoming, thickness are 0.10mm or so, and prime coat table is removed with wire brush after spraying
The floating ashes in face；
B, spray coating operations layer；Working lining is WC-12Co composite coatings, and coating thickness is 0.15mm, supersonic spray coating technique
Parameter such as table 2：
The supersonic spray coating technological parameter of table 2
Step 4: sealing pores：Sealing pores are carried out to sprayed metal coating using the method for brushing.For reduction coating holes
Gap, improves wearability, corrosion resistance, the impact resistance of coating, it is necessary to carry out sealing pores to sprayed metal coating.It can select to use
Type phenolic resin is air-dried as sealing material, its continuous operating temperature is at 145~205 DEG C, and sample 1 is made in above step.
Embodiment 6
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 5 is different and the improvement is that：
In the E steps of step one, roughening treatment is carried out with the special diamond dust of 24# thermal sprayings；In step 2, the temperature control of preheating is 80
DEG C or so；In step 3, with NiAl material bottoming, its thickness is 0.08mm, can eliminate wear-resisting working lining and blade basic unit it
Between the unmatched problem of material thermal expansion coefficient, to reduce the heat as caused by being mismatched working lining and the blade basic unit coefficient of expansion
Stress, improves the mechanical matching and physical compatibility between working lining and blade basic unit；Working lining is WC-12Co composite coatings, thick
Spend for 0.18mm；
Sample 2 is made in above step.
Embodiment 7
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 6 is different and the improvement is that：
Step 4: sealing pores：Sealing pores are carried out to sprayed metal coating using the method for spraying.Ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon are used during spraying
Be diluted with absolute ethyl alcohol as diluent, after spraying be air-dried 30~60min (in the present embodiment can be 30,40,50
Or the numerical value such as 60min), 1~5h (can be the numerical value such as 1,2,4 or 5h in the present embodiment), which is realized, to be fully cured.
Working lining uses NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating, thickness is 0.20mm, and NiCr alloys have excellent heat-resisting, corrosion resistant
The performances such as erosion, resistance to high temperature oxidation, also act as the effect of Binder Phase, Cr3C2With preferable high temperature hardness and high temperature oxidation resistance,
Play hard phase, the effect of second phase particles dispersion-strengtherning is also primarily served in the coating, can solve the problem that blade in erosion
Under the complex working condition of abrasion easily loss, the problem of service life is relatively low.Moreover, NiCr-Cr3C2With the line close with blade
The coefficient of expansion, so as to substantially reduce because thermal shock and caused by disbonding in addition fail.
Sample 3 is made in above step.
Embodiment 8
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 7 is different and the improvement is that：
NiAl spray layer thickness is 0.08mm, and Ni contents are 93%, and Al content is 7%；NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is
0.22mm, Cr3C2Content is that 70%, NiCr is 30%, the NiCr tack coats and NiCr-Cr of this percentage range3C2Metal is made pottery
Porcelain has preferably mutual fusibleness.
Material prepares in the fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment：NiCr nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mix nanometer
Powder, wherein, nanometer Cr3C2The preparation method of powder is：
1：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.17 proportioning is placed in powder gross weight
In 55% distilled water, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；It is in block after compacting
Shape, anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -100 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 150min；The anxious purpose frozen be
Fluid freeze, ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder is allowed to be positioned rapidly after stirring in time as short as possible, to prevent
Only block fluid is layered due to the difference of density, causes the skewness of chromium source and carbon source after follow-up frozen dried；
3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, plate temperature control system is 100
Below DEG C, the blocks after freezing is many micropore shape honeycomb blocks formed after hydrone distils, and Volume Changes are small, uniformly
Chromium source and carbon source positioning will not change, moreover, in freeze-drying process, and ammonium dichromate powder occurs in drying process at low temperature
Following reaction：
(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)=Cr2O3(s)+N2↑+4H2O (2-1)；
4：Carbonization：Close vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap, with the rise of temperature, carbon gradually by the high oxide of chromium also
The former low oxide into chromium, the carbon source that position is fixed with its peripheral location also reacted by relatively-stationary chromium source, most throughout one's life
Into uniform chromium carbide, but also it is nano level chromium carbide；Due to the uniformity of lyophilized rear blocks micropore, in reaction
The absorption of heat is also than more uniform, so as to realize the purpose of obtained even-grained nano level chromium carbide；
3Cr2O3(s)+13C (s)=2Cr3C2(s)+9CO (2-2) carburizing reagent；
3(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)+13C (s)=2Cr3C2(s)+9CO+12H2O+3N2↑ (2-3) W-response processes；
A kind of fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment：
In the blade surface pretreatment of step one, the polishing of step A is carried out using 800#~1000# sand paper to blade surface
Polishing；Step B acetone degreasing；Step C washes of absolute alcohol；E steps surface roughness reaches Ra7~9.
Step 2: the preheating before spraying：Blade is placed in preheating device and carries out the pre-heat treatment, to eliminate surface to be sprayed
Moisture and moisture, improve the interface temperature that is contacted with workpiece of spraying particle, coating stress of the reduction caused by workpiece thermal expansion,
Improve the bond strength of coating and matrix；Preheating temperature can be controlled at 90 DEG C or so.
Step 3: supersonic spray coating, technological parameter such as table 3：
The HVOF spraying parameters of table 3
Sample 4 is made in above step.
Embodiment 9
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 8 is different and the improvement is that：
NiAl spray layer thickness is 0.12mm, and Ni contents are 97%, and Al content is 3%；NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is
0.20mm, Cr3C2Content is that 75%, NiCr is 25%.
The fan blade surface repairing method material of the present embodiment prepares：NiCr nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mix nanometer
Powder, wherein, nanometer Cr3C 2The preparation method of powder is：
1：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.21 proportioning is placed in powder gross weight
In 60% distilled water, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；Use 2Mpa pressure
In bulk after compacting, thickness is depressed into for 3cm, and anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -140 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 30min；
3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, lyophilized technique curve
For：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 30 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 80 DEG C/min, is kept for 60 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 50 DEG C/min, are kept for 200 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa.
4：Carbonization：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, using the pattern of stage cooling, 30 minutes again after being rapidly heated
1200 DEG C are inside warming up to keep being cooled to 1100 DEG C in 30 minutes, 10 minutes and keeping being cooled to again in 40 minutes, 10 minutes again
1000 DEG C of insulations are cooled to 900 DEG C in 20 minutes, 10 minutes and kept for 10 minutes again, and the advantage of this stage cooling is, keeps
The stability of reaction, and then the uniformity of carburizing reagent can be ensured and realized the more uniform nano level carbon of granularity is made
Change chromium, detected through SEM ESEMs, particle size is about that between 35-40nm, granularity gap is smaller.
Step 3: supersonic spray coating, technological parameter such as table 4：
The HVOF spraying parameters of table 4
Sample 5 is made in above step.
Embodiment 10
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 9 is different and the improvement is that：
NiAl spray layer thickness is 0.10mm, and Ni contents are 95%, and Al content is 5%；NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is
0.21mm, Cr3C2Content is that 80%, NiCr is 20%.
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, material prepares：NiAl nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mix nanometer
Powder, wherein, nanometer Cr3C2The preparation method of powder is：
1：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.19 proportioning is placed in powder gross weight
In 60% distilled water, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；Pressed with 1.2Mpa
Force after system in bulk, be depressed into thickness for 2cm, anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -120 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 80min；
3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, lyophilized technique curve
For：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 40 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 85 DEG C/min, is kept for 50 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 55 DEG C/min, are kept for 120 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa.
4：Carbonization：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, using the pattern of stage cooling, 40 minutes again after being rapidly heated
1200 DEG C are inside warming up to keep being cooled to 1100 DEG C in 25 minutes, 10 minutes and keeping being cooled to again in 45 minutes, 10 minutes again
1000 DEG C of insulations are cooled to 900 DEG C in 30 minutes, 5 minutes and kept for 5 minutes again, and the advantage of this stage cooling is, keeps anti-
The stability answered, and then the uniformity of carburizing reagent can be ensured and realized the more uniform nano level carbonization of granularity is made
Chromium, is detected through SEM ESEMs, and particle size is about that between 35-40nm, granularity gap is smaller.
Sample 6 is made in above step.
Embodiment 11
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 10 is different and the improvement is that：
NiAl spray layer thickness is 0.12mm, and Ni contents are 93%, and Al content is 7%；NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is
0.21mm, Cr3C2Content is that 80%, NiCr is 20%.
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, material prepares：NiAl nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mix nanometer
Powder, wherein, nanometer Cr3C2The preparation method of powder is：
1：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.20 proportioning is placed in powder gross weight
In 60% distilled water, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；Pressed with 1.4Mpa
Force after system in bulk, be depressed into thickness for 2.5cm, anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -110 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 90min；
3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, lyophilized technique curve
For：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 35 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 80 DEG C/min, is kept for 50 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 60 DEG C/min, are kept for 100 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa.
4：Carbonization：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, using the pattern of stage cooling, 40 minutes again after being rapidly heated
1200 DEG C are inside warming up to keep being cooled to 1100 DEG C in 25 minutes, 10 minutes and keeping being cooled to again in 45 minutes, 10 minutes again
1000 DEG C of insulations are cooled to 900 DEG C in 30 minutes, 5 minutes and kept for 5 minutes again, and the advantage of this stage cooling is, keeps anti-
The stability answered, and then the uniformity of carburizing reagent can be ensured and realized the more uniform nano level carbonization of granularity is made
Chromium, is detected through SEM ESEMs, and particle size is about that between 30-35nm, granularity gap is smaller.
Step 5：Laser remolten PROCESS FOR TREATMENT is carried out after cooling with laser, laser power is 900W, and sweep speed is
550mm/min, 10 × 3mm of spot size.
Sample 7 is made in above step.
Embodiment 12
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, basic step be the same as Example 11 is different and the improvement is that：
NiAl spray layer thickness is 0.10mm, and Ni contents are 95%, and Al content is 5%；NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is
0.22mm, Cr3C2Content is that 75%, NiCr is 25%.
The fan blade surface repairing method of the present embodiment, material prepares：NiAl nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mix nanometer
Powder, wherein, nanometer Cr3C2The preparation method of powder is：
1：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.18 proportioning is placed in powder gross weight
In 60% distilled water, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；Pressed with 1.1Mpa
Force after system in bulk, be depressed into thickness for 3cm, anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -130 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 100min；
3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, lyophilized technique curve
For：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 40 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 85 DEG C/min, is kept for 50 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 55 DEG C/min, are kept for 120 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa.
4：Carbonization：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, using the pattern of stage cooling, 40 minutes again after being rapidly heated
1200 DEG C are inside warming up to keep being cooled to 1100 DEG C in 25 minutes, 10 minutes and keeping being cooled to again in 45 minutes, 10 minutes again
1000 DEG C of insulations are cooled to 900 DEG C in 30 minutes, 5 minutes and kept for 5 minutes again, and the advantage of this stage cooling is, keeps anti-
The stability answered, and then the uniformity of carburizing reagent can be ensured and realized the more uniform nano level carbonization of granularity is made
Chromium, is detected through SEM ESEMs, and particle size is about that between 35-40nm, granularity gap is smaller.
Sample 8 is made in above step.
Embodiment 13
The present embodiment makes simulation sinking roller coating, and transition zone NiCrAlY spray layer thickness is 100 μm, and Cr contents are
30%, Y content are that 3%, Ni contents are 67%；Working lining NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating thickness is 500 μm, Cr3C2Content is
75%, NiCr are 25%.
The multi-element alloy coat material of the simulation sinking roller of the present embodiment prepares：NiCr nano powders, NiCr-Cr3C2Mixing is received
Ground rice, wherein, nanometer Cr3C2The preparation method of powder is：
Step one：Mixing：By ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder by weight 1：0.21 proportioning is placed in powder
In the distilled water of gross weight 60%, it is mixed evenly in flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in square dies；Use 2Mpa
In bulk after pressure compacting, thickness is depressed into for 3cm, and anxious jelly is carried out to facilitate；
Step 2：It is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to -140 DEG C of anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly 30min；
Step 3：It is lyophilized：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed, lyophilized technique
Curve is：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 30 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 80 DEG C/min, is kept for 60 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 50 DEG C/min, are kept for 200 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa.
Step 4：Carbonization：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, using the pattern of stage cooling again after being rapidly heated,
1200 DEG C are warming up in 30 minutes to keep being cooled to 1100 DEG C in 30 minutes, 10 minutes and keeping dropping again in 40 minutes, 10 minutes again
Temperature is cooled to 900 DEG C in 20 minutes, 10 minutes to 1000 DEG C of insulations and kept for 10 minutes again, and the advantage of this stage cooling is,
The stability of reaction is kept, and then the uniformity of carburizing reagent can be ensured and realized the more uniform nanoscale of granularity is made
Chromium carbide, detected through SEM ESEMs, particle size is about that (the present embodiment is 35,36,38 or 40nm etc. to 35~40nm
Numerical value) between, granularity gap is smaller.
The present embodiment simulates the spraying method of sinking roller, and step is：
Step 1 pre-treatment：To be sunk roller surface mechanical grinding, and polishing is entered using 1000# carborundum papers to substrate surface
Row polishing, with washes of absolute alcohol, acetone degreasing；Sinking roller surface is mechanical grinding at least Sa3 grades of cleannes；Afterwards at sandblasting
Reason, is that 0.5mm iron-sands are abrasive particle using particle diameter, compressed air pressure 1.2MPa, and sandblasting distance is 100mm, and sandblasting angle is
20 °, smart rugosity is set to reach RZ70 μm；
Step 2 is sprayed：Sprayed with HVOF methods：
NiCrY spraying method parameter is：Oxygen flow：2000SCFH；Kerosene oil flow：21LPH；Powder feed rate is：
5.5RPM；Spray distance 380mm；
NiCr-Cr3C2Spraying method parameter be：Oxygen flow：1900SCFH；Kerosene oil flow：23LPH；Powder feed rate
For：5.5RPM；Spray distance 380mm.
Sample 9 is made in above step.
Embodiment 14
A kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, applied to the sample of embodiment 5 to 13 shown in table 5
The experiment of the endian format coating material sample library of composition,
The endian format coating material sample library of table 5
| Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 |
| Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 6 |
| Sample 7 | Sample 8 | Sample 9 |
A kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of the present embodiment, step is：
A, fixed sample 4：Endian format coating material sample library shown in table 5 is fixed on by fixture rotatable solid
In fixed board, the anglec of rotation can be measured by angular instrument, rotate fixed plate, it is possible to achieve different angles are rushed to sample
Erosion, during regulation, makes endian format coating material sample library be directed at the nozzle micropore 111 of endian format array pattern arrangement；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator 5, the slurry agitation in slurry tank 6 is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump 10 extracts slurry out from slurry tank 6, is conveyed by grinding fluid pipe
To nozzle micropore 111；Meanwhile, compression gas tank 2 is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle micropore 111 to nine grids
Formula coating material sample library high speed erosion.And calculated by below equation：
In above formula：E is sample Wear rate；M0 is the quality before sample erosion；M1 is the quality after sample erosion；Q
For slurry flow；T is the erosion test time.
D, backflow of slurry：The slurry sprayed toward sample 4 is dropped to after sample chamber 3, is rolled into by return duct 7 in slurry tank 6, examination
Specimen chamber 3 can be designed to closing in shape bottom, and return duct 7 is communicated with closing in, facilitate the circulating collection of slurry.
In process of the test, the erosion degree of sample is calculated every 10 working days.
It is computed, Wear rate E size order is：The ＞ samples of 4 ＞ samples of sample 1 ＞ samples, 2 ＞ samples, 3 ＞ samples 6
The ＞ samples 9 of 7 ＞ samples of product, 5 ＞ samples 8.
Schematical above that the present invention and embodiments thereof are described, the description does not have restricted, institute in accompanying drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited thereto.So, if the common skill of this area
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, are designed and the technical scheme without creative
Similar frame mode and embodiment, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig, including compressed air auxiliary power mechanism, sample erosion mechanism with
And for pulp grinder structure composition, it is characterised in that the compressed air auxiliary power mechanism includes compression gas tank (2)；The sample
Erosion mechanism includes nozzle (1) and sample chamber (3)；The confession pulp grinder structure includes the slurry tank (6) and grinding fluid by pipeline communication
Pump (10)；The compression gas tank (2) is communicated by tracheae and nozzle (1)；The grinding fluid pump (10) passes through grinding fluid pipe and nozzle
(1) communicate；In sample (4) built in the sample chamber (3), nozzle (1) the insertion sample chamber (3), nozzle (1) mouth is just to sample
(4)。
2. injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The nozzle (1) and
Tracheae, grinding fluid pipe are linked together by three-way pipe；Stirring on agitator (5) built in the slurry tank (6), agitator (5)
Blade (8) stretches to slurry tank (6) bottom；The external pressure gauge (9) of grinding fluid pipe and nozzle (1).
3. injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sample chamber (3)
Bottom is communicated by external return duct (7) and slurry tank (6).
4. according to any described injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that：The spray
Mouth (1) is in venturi nozzle arrangements；Port is external compressed air import (12), the slurry of tail end at multigroup nozzle (11), trunnion
Expect passage (14) external grinding fluid pipe；External gas pressure-regulating valve (13) in the air inlet pipe of compressed air inlet (12).
5. injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Multigroup nozzle
(11) it is made up of some nozzle micropores (111) arranged in array pattern.
6. a kind of test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig, it is characterised in that step is：
A, fixed sample (4)：Just aiming at the fixed sample (4) of nozzle (1)；
B, startup stirring：Start agitator (5), the slurry agitation in slurry tank (6) is uniform；
C, grinding fluid pump and compression gas tank start：Grinding fluid pump (10) extracts slurry out from slurry tank (6), is conveyed by grinding fluid pipe
To nozzle (1) place；Meanwhile, compression gas tank (2) is opened as auxiliary power, by slurry by nozzle (1) to sample (4) high speed
Erosion.
7. the test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described
Sample (4) is the fan blade after surface reconditioning, and its reparation step is：
Step 1: blade surface is pre-processed：
A, the abrading section of blade polished, rear reconditioning is welded with new material in the part of damage；
B, the greasy dirt for removing blade surface, rust stain, oxide skin welding slag particle；
C, face to be sprayed is cleaned with cleaning agent；
D, magnetic powder inspection processing is carried out to all weld seam；
E, blade sprayed before roughening treatment；
Step 2: the preheating before spraying：Blade is placed in preheating device and carries out the pre-heat treatment；
Step 3: supersonic spray coating：
A, the sprayed layer undercoat floating ashes for removing bottoming layer surface after NiAl material bottoming with wire brush；
B, spray coating operations layer；
Step 4: sealing pores：Sealing pores are carried out to sprayed metal coating using brush or the method for spraying.
8. the test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step
In one step e, roughening treatment is carried out with the special diamond dust of 24# thermal sprayings；In step 2, the temperature control of preheating 80~
100℃；In step 3, with NiAl material bottoming, its thickness is 0.08~0.12mm；Working lining is WC-12Co composite coatings,
0.15~0.18mm；Or NiCr-Cr3C2Composite coating, 0.20~0.22mm；In step 4, sealing material is to be air-dried type phenol
Urea formaldehyde, is diluted during spraying with ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon and absolute ethyl alcohol as diluent；In the NiAl materials, Ni contents
For 93~97%, Al content is 3~7%；The NiCr-Cr3C2In composite coating, Cr3C2Content is that 70~80%, NiCr is
20~30%；The Cr3C2Preparation method be：
1) mix：Ammonium dichromate powder and nanometer carbon black powder are placed in distilled water or deionized water, is mixed evenly and is in
Flow-like, it is in presoma to add compressing in mould；
2) it is anxious to freeze：Presoma is quickly transferred to anxious freeze in space and carries out anxious jelly；
3) freeze：The anxious presoma frozen is quickly transferred in vacuum freeze drying cabin and freezed；
4) it is carbonized：Vacuum freeze drying cabin cold-trap is closed, heating carries out carbonizing reduction reaction and nanometer Cr is made3C2Powder.
9. the test method of injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described
Step 1) in, the proportioning of ammonium dichromate and nanometer carbon black powder is 1：(0.17~0.21)；Distilled water or deionized water consumption are：
The 55%~60% of powder gross weight；Step 2) in suddenly freeze temperature for -100~-140 DEG C, the time is 30~150min；Step 3)
In, lyophilized technique curve is：
A, initial stage：0 DEG C~100 DEG C of plate temperature, heating slope 2 DEG C/min, 100 DEG C are kept for 30~40 minutes, be evacuated to 60Pa with
It is interior；
B, mid-term：Plate temperature is cooled to 80~85 DEG C/min, is kept for 50~60 minutes, vacuum control is within 100Pa；
C, later stage, plate temperature are cooled to 50~65 DEG C/min, are kept for 80~200 minutes, vacuum control is within 80Pa；
Step 4) in, it is warming up to 900~1200 DEG C of progress carbonizing reductions.
10. according to the test method of any described injecting type slurry erosion wear experimental rig of claim 7 to 9, its feature
It is, in addition to step 5：Laser remolten PROCESS FOR TREATMENT is carried out after sealing of hole with laser, laser power is 900~1000W, is swept
Speed is retouched for 550~600mm/min, 10 × 3mm of spot size.
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