CN107091736A - A kind of method of testing of rock bit helixseal sediment outflow performance - Google Patents
A kind of method of testing of rock bit helixseal sediment outflow performance Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 15
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及牙轮钻头领域，特别是涉及一种牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法。The invention relates to the field of roller cone bits, in particular to a method for testing the sand-discharging performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit.
背景技术Background technique
牙轮钻头是钻井工程中最主要的破岩工具，在井底破岩中起着主导作用，其工作性能的好坏直接影响钻井质量、钻井效率和钻井成本，牙轮钻头的使用寿命几乎直接取决于钻头轴承的寿命，而轴承的寿命在很大程度上又依赖密封的寿命。牙轮钻头目前的发展趋势是实现高速化，随着钻头转速的不断提高，在恶劣环境下工作的普通轴承密封这一环节的薄弱性将显得越来越突出。因此，在研究钻头的同时，决不可忽视对轴承寿命的研究和改进。轴承密封是高速牙轮钻头最薄弱的环节，也是易损部件，是决定高速牙轮钻头寿命的最关键因素。据现场数据统计分析表明，因轴承先期损坏导致失效的钻头占失效钻头总数的80％，因密封先期失效而严重磨损的轴承占失效轴承总数的30％。牙轮钻头的轴承密封问题已经成为严重影响高速牙轮钻头钻井效率及钻井成本的技术瓶颈，是目前石油钻采工程中亟待解决的问题。The roller cone bit is the most important rock-breaking tool in drilling engineering. It plays a leading role in rock breaking at the bottom of the well. Its working performance directly affects the drilling quality, drilling efficiency and drilling cost. The service life of the roller cone bit is almost directly Depends on the life of the drill bearing, and the life of the bearing depends to a large extent on the life of the seal. The current development trend of the roller cone bit is to achieve high speed. With the continuous increase of the bit speed, the weakness of the sealing of ordinary bearings working in harsh environments will become more and more prominent. Therefore, while studying the drill bit, the research and improvement of the bearing life must not be ignored. The bearing seal is the weakest link of the high-speed roller cone bit, and it is also a vulnerable part. It is the most critical factor determining the life of the high-speed roller cone bit. According to the statistical analysis of field data, the drill bits that failed due to early bearing damage accounted for 80% of the total number of failed drill bits, and the severely worn bearings due to early seal failure accounted for 30% of the total number of failed bearings. The bearing sealing problem of the roller cone bit has become a technical bottleneck that seriously affects the drilling efficiency and drilling cost of the high-speed roller cone bit, and it is an urgent problem to be solved in the current oil drilling and production engineering.
实践表明，目前常规牙轮钻头轴承密封性能不能很好的满足使用要求，特别是在较高转速钻进的时候，其密封使用寿命更低，密封的耐久性能较差，密封的磨损、老化较严重。牙轮钻头密封的工况是十分恶劣的，包括高温、高磨砺性介质、高载荷，并且密封腔的尺寸很小，这些工况和环境就加剧了密封的失效，也给密封的研究带来了巨大的困难和挑战。泥浆磨砺介质的进入是影响高速牙轮钻头密封寿命的最关键因素，现有轴承密封均属被动密封方式，不具有自动排砂功能，一旦泥浆颗粒进入密封腔，密封将会快速磨损后失效。目前，针对高速牙轮钻头螺旋密封性能的测试还未涉及，测试研究是现场试验及产品应用顺利进行的前提保障，进行高速牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试对提高钻头寿命具有重要意义。Practice has shown that the sealing performance of conventional roller cone bit bearings cannot meet the requirements of use well, especially when drilling at high speeds, the service life of the seals is lower, the durability of the seals is poor, and the wear and aging of the seals are relatively high. serious. The working conditions of the roller cone bit seal are very harsh, including high temperature, high abrasive medium, high load, and the size of the sealing cavity is small. great difficulties and challenges. The entry of mud grinding medium is the most critical factor affecting the life of high-speed roller cone bit seals. The existing bearing seals are passive seals without automatic sand discharge function. Once mud particles enter the seal cavity, the seal will quickly wear out and then fail. At present, the test of the helical sealing performance of high-speed roller cone bits has not been involved. The test research is the premise guarantee for the smooth progress of field tests and product applications. It is of great significance to test the sand removal performance of the helical sealing of high-speed roller cone bits to improve the life of the drill bit.
因此，如何改变现有技术中，高速牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能测试无法进行的现状，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。Therefore, how to change the current situation that the pumping sand discharge performance test of the high-speed roller cone bit helical seal cannot be carried out in the prior art is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，使工作人员能够对牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能进行测试，为实际生产应用提供便利。The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of test method of the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, so that the staff can test the pumping sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, for It is convenient for practical production application.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme: the present invention provides a method for testing the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of a roller cone bit, comprising the following steps:
步骤一、向牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封空间内注入定量的含砂液体，记录含砂液体全部排出密封空间的时间t1；Step 1, inject a certain amount of sand-containing liquid into the sealed space of the roller cone bit, and record the time t1 when the sand-containing liquid is completely discharged from the sealed space;
步骤二、令牙轮转动，向密封空间内注入相同体积的含砂液体，记录含砂液体全部排出密封空间的时间t2；Step 2, make the cone rotate, inject the same volume of sand-containing liquid into the sealed space, and record the time t 2 when all the sand-containing liquid is discharged from the sealed space;
步骤三、比较t1和t2，若t1＝t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封无泵送排砂能力；若t1＞t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封具有泵送排砂能力，t2越小，牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能越强。Step 3: compare t 1 and t 2 , if t 1 = t 2 , the helical seal of the roller cone bit has no pumping sand discharge capability; if t 1 > t 2 , then the helical seal of the roller cone bit has the ability of pumping sand discharge The smaller t 2 is, the stronger the pumping and sand removal performance of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is.
优选地，在步骤一完成后，对牙轮钻头螺旋密封及密封空间进行清洁，并擦拭晾干。Preferably, after step 1 is completed, the screw seal and the sealing space of the roller cone bit are cleaned and wiped to dry.
优选地，牙轮由电机驱动，牙轮与电机通过联轴器相连。Preferably, the cone is driven by a motor, and the cone and the motor are connected through a coupling.
优选地，设定电机的转速为200r/min、250r/min或300r/min，重复步骤二和步骤三的操作。Preferably, the rotational speed of the motor is set to 200r/min, 250r/min or 300r/min, and the operations of step 2 and step 3 are repeated.
优选地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的螺距设置为1.6mm、2.0mm或2.4mm，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作。Preferably, the pitch of the roller cone bit helical seal is set to 1.6mm, 2.0mm or 2.4mm, and the operations of step 1, step 2 and step 3 are repeated.
优选地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的斜螺旋面倾角设置为20°、23°或27°，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作。Preferably, the inclination angle of the inclined helix plane of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is set to 20°, 23° or 27°, and the operations of step 1, step 2 and step 3 are repeated.
优选地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的螺纹设置为梯形螺纹或锯齿形螺纹，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作。Preferably, the screw thread of the roller cone bit is set as a trapezoidal thread or a zigzag thread, and the operations of step 1, step 2 and step 3 are repeated.
优选地，采用停表或秒表进行记录时间。Preferably, a stop watch or a stopwatch is used to record the time.
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：本发明的牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，通过向牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封空间内注入定量的含砂液体，并记录含砂液体全部排出的时间，牙轮静止时记录的时间反映无泵送效应时含砂液体排尽的时间，牙轮旋转时记录的时间反映牙轮钻头螺旋密封的存在泵送效应时排砂性能，比较二者之间的时间差值，可以评价牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封排砂性能。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: the test method for the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit of the present invention is to inject a certain amount of sand-containing liquid into the sealing space of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, and record the sand-containing liquid. The time when the liquid is completely discharged. The time recorded when the cone is stationary reflects the time when the sandy liquid is drained without pumping effect. The time recorded when the cone is rotating reflects the sand discharge performance of the screw seal of the cone bit when there is a pumping effect. Comparing the time difference between the two can evaluate the sealing and sand removal performance of the helical seal of the roller cone bit.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本发明牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法的试验流程图；Fig. 1 is the test flow chart of the test method of the spiral seal sand discharge performance of the roller cone bit of the present invention;
图2为本发明牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法的牙轮钻头螺旋密封的斜螺旋面倾角示意图；Fig. 2 is the oblique helicoid inclination angle schematic diagram of the cone bit helical seal of the test method of the cone bit helical seal sand discharge performance of the present invention;
其中，α为斜螺旋面倾角。where α is the inclination angle of the oblique helicoid.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明的目的是提供一种牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，使工作人员能够对牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能进行测试，为实际生产应用提供便利。The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of test method of the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, so that the staff can test the pumping sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, for It is convenient for practical production application.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
请参考图1和图2，图1为本发明牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法的试验流程图，图2为本发明牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法的牙轮钻头螺旋密封的斜螺旋面倾角示意图。Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the test flow chart of the test method of the test method of the spiral sealing and sand discharge performance of the roller cone bit of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the test method of the test method of the spiral sealing and sand discharge performance of the roller cone bit of the present invention Schematic diagram of the oblique helicoid inclination of the seal.
泵送作用，是指当螺旋密封旋转时，旋转的螺旋槽壁面会对密封内部的粘性液体施加推力，在推力的作用下会发生能量的转换，即将旋转产生的动能转化为液体的压力能，从而使密封液体获得了一个泵扬程，即所谓的泵送效应。The pumping effect means that when the spiral seal rotates, the rotating spiral groove wall will exert a thrust on the viscous liquid inside the seal. Under the action of the thrust, energy conversion will occur, that is, the kinetic energy generated by the rotation will be converted into the pressure energy of the liquid. As a result, the sealing liquid obtains a pump head, the so-called pumping effect.
本发明提供一种牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for testing the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of a roller cone bit, which comprises the following steps:
步骤一、向牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封空间内注入定量的含砂液体，记录含砂液体全部排出密封空间的时间t1；Step 1, inject a certain amount of sand-containing liquid into the sealed space of the roller cone bit, and record the time t1 when the sand-containing liquid is completely discharged from the sealed space;
步骤二、令牙轮转动，向密封空间内注入相同体积的含砂液体，记录含砂液体全部排出密封空间的时间t2；Step 2, make the cone rotate, inject the same volume of sand-containing liquid into the sealed space, and record the time t 2 when all the sand-containing liquid is discharged from the sealed space;
步骤三、比较t1和t2，若t1＝t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封无泵送排砂能力；若t1＞t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封具有泵送排砂能力，t2越小，牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能越强。Step 3: compare t 1 and t 2 , if t 1 = t 2 , the helical seal of the roller cone bit has no pumping sand discharge capability; if t 1 > t 2 , then the helical seal of the roller cone bit has the ability of pumping sand discharge The smaller t 2 is, the stronger the pumping and sand removal performance of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is.
t1为牙轮静止时，牙轮钻头螺旋密封处无泵送效应时的排砂时间，比较t1和t2的长短，以确定牙轮旋转时，牙轮钻头螺旋密封处是否具备泵送效应，若t1＝t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封无泵送排砂能力；若t1＞t2，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封具有泵送排砂能力；牙轮钻头螺旋密封具备泵送排砂能力的前提下，t2越短，牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂能力越强。 t1 is the sand discharge time when the cone is stationary and there is no pumping effect at the helical seal of the cone bit. Compare the length of t1 and t2 to determine whether the helical seal of the cone bit has pumping when the cone rotates effect, if t 1 =t 2 , the helical seal of the roller cone bit has no pumping and sand discharge ability; if t 1 >t 2 , the helical seal of the roller cone bit has the ability of pumping and sand removal; Under the premise of sand removal ability, the shorter t2 is, the stronger the pumping sand removal ability of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is.
值得注意的是，在步骤一完成后，对牙轮钻头螺旋密封及密封空间进行清洁，并擦拭晾干，避免因牙轮钻头螺旋密封及密封空间内残留液体影响试验结果。It is worth noting that after the completion of step 1, clean the helical seal and the sealing space of the roller cone bit, and wipe and dry it to avoid affecting the test results due to the residual liquid in the helical seal of the roller cone bit and the sealing space.
具体地，牙轮由电机驱动，牙轮与电机通过联轴器相连。电机带动牙轮钻头螺旋密封转动，使其转动更加平稳，提高试验结果的精确度。Specifically, the cone is driven by a motor, and the cone and the motor are connected through a coupling. The motor drives the roller cone bit to rotate in a helical seal, making the rotation more stable and improving the accuracy of the test results.
设定电机的转速为200r/min、250r/min或300r/min，重复步骤二和步骤三的操作，分别记录牙轮钻头螺旋密封在不同转速的情况下，含砂液体全部排出密封空间的时间，得出牙轮钻头螺旋密封最佳排砂能力时的转速。Set the rotation speed of the motor to 200r/min, 250r/min or 300r/min, repeat the operation of step 2 and step 3, and respectively record the time for the sand-containing liquid to be completely discharged from the sealing space when the screw seal of the roller cone bit is at different speeds , to obtain the rotational speed of the roller cone bit helical seal with the best sand discharge ability.
另外，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的螺距设置为1.6mm、2.0mm或2.4mm，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作，分别记录牙轮钻头螺旋密封在不同螺距时，含砂液体从密封空间内全部排出的时间，得出牙轮钻头螺旋密封最佳排砂能力时的螺距值。In addition, set the pitch of the helical seal of the roller cone bit to 1.6mm, 2.0mm or 2.4mm, and repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 to record the flow rate of the sandy liquid from The time for all discharges in the sealed space is used to obtain the pitch value of the best sand discharge ability of the helical seal of the roller cone bit.
更具体地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的斜螺旋面倾角设置为20°、23°或27°，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作，分别记录牙轮钻头螺旋密封在斜螺旋面倾角不同的情况下，含砂液体从密封空间内全部排出的时间，得出牙轮钻头螺旋密封最佳排砂能力时的斜螺旋面倾角。More specifically, set the inclination angle of the inclined helicoid of the roller cone bit helical seal to 20°, 23° or 27°, and repeat the operations of step 1, step 2 and step 3, respectively record In the case of different inclination angles, the time for the sand-containing liquid to be completely discharged from the sealed space can be used to obtain the inclination angle of the oblique helix surface when the helical seal of the roller cone bit has the best sand discharge ability.
进一步地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的螺纹设置为梯形螺纹或锯齿形螺纹，并重复步骤一、步骤二和步骤三的操作，得出牙轮钻头螺旋密封最佳排砂能力时的螺纹形状。Further, the thread of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is set as a trapezoidal thread or a zigzag thread, and the operation of step 1, step 2 and step 3 is repeated to obtain the thread shape of the helical bit helical seal with the best sand discharge ability.
更进一步地，将牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂能力最佳时的转速、螺距、斜螺旋面倾角、螺纹形状等参数组合在一起，对牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂时间进行测试，获得牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂能力最佳时的参数配比。Furthermore, the pumping and sand-discharging time of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is calculated by combining the parameters such as the speed, pitch, inclination angle of the oblique helicoid, and the shape of the thread when the pumping and sand-discharging ability of the helical bit helical seal is the best. Test to obtain the parameter ratio when the pumping and sand-discharging ability of the helical seal of the roller cone bit is the best.
采用停表或秒表进行记录时间，提高试验精确度。Use a stop watch or a stopwatch to record the time to improve the accuracy of the test.
本发明的牙轮钻头螺旋密封排砂性能的测试方法，通过向牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封空间内注入定量的含砂液体，并记录含砂液体全部排出的时间，牙轮静止时记录的时间反映无泵送效应时牙轮钻头螺旋密封的排砂性能，牙轮旋转时记录的时间反映牙轮钻头螺旋密封的存在泵送效应时排砂性能，比较二者之间的时间差值，可以评价牙轮钻头螺旋密封的密封排砂性能，含砂液体全部排出的时间越短，则牙轮钻头螺旋密封的泵送排砂性能越强。The test method of the sand discharge performance of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit of the present invention is to inject a certain amount of sand-containing liquid into the sealed space of the spiral seal of the roller cone bit, and record the time when the sand-containing liquid is completely discharged, and the time recorded when the cone is stationary It reflects the sand discharge performance of the helical seal of the cone bit when there is no pumping effect, and the time recorded when the cone rotates reflects the sand discharge performance of the helical seal of the cone bit when there is a pumping effect. The time difference between the two can be compared To evaluate the sealing and sand removal performance of the helical seal of the roller cone bit, the shorter the time for all the sandy liquid to be discharged, the stronger the pumping and sand removal performance of the helical seal of the roller cone bit.
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。In the present invention, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention The idea of the invention will have changes in the specific implementation and scope of application. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
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